• Water Engineering Research
• /
• 제3권4호
• /
• pp.269-278
• /
• 2002

A cross sectional analysis for residential water demand was conducted to help understand and explain the spatial and temporal variations in per capita water use in the rapidly growing city of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The analysis was based on data previously collected from May 1983 to June 1984. 195 randomly selected households were distributed to three groups according to house condition, household income level, and social and cultural factors. The generated models using stepwise multiple regression indicated that plot size and number of males, females and children are the most significant independent variables. Although, coefficients of determination achieved for most of the developed models were low (0.2-0.5), the independent variables could still explain a part of the variations fur such a complex social and cultural structure.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.39-59
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study is to introduce issues on agricultural policy of participatory government and to suggest some implications for national consensus. According to the finance and investment plan, 119 trillion won in total will be invested in the farming industry for improving the welfare system and development of the sector over the next 10 years. It is very important that this plan will make Korean farmers competitive and income per capita increased more and more. By the way, the plan has been argued by farmer’s organization(NGO) and some people of academic circles because there is a fair question as to how effective these investment aids will be. Therefore, the finance and investment plan must be established on the basis of effective execution system as well as additional discussion for national agreement. In addition, the 'Special Plan Committee for agriculture-fishery and farming-fishing communities' will work out an ideal framework for succeeding this plan.

• 경영과정보연구
• /
• 제32권5호
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 2013

본 연구에서는 개발도상국 해외투자 입지 결정요인을 실증 분석하였다. 분석의 결과 입지요인인 피투자국 시장규모, 경제 발전 정도, 경제성장율, 인적자본의 질, 경제의 개방도, 현지시장 매력요인의 대위변수인 현재 외국인 투자 유치액등은 해외투자 유치에 정의 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났다. 수정된 중력 모형에서 중 요변수인 피투자국의 모든 투자국들로 부터의 상대적인 시장가중치를 감안한 원격성은 낮을수록 해외투자 유치가 활발한 것으로 나타나고 있어 거래비용이나 현지시장 친숙도가 중요한 해외투자 고려 요인임을 알 수 있었다.

• East Asian Economic Review
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.403-425
• /
• 2018

This paper documents the presence of "sensitive sectors" in Free Trade Agreements, defined as sectors for which the within-FTA tariffs remain positive. The paper includes some brief theoretical discussion of the welfare implications of these, but the main emphasis is on reporting two measures of this phenomenon for countries in FTAs that entered into force between 1994 and 2003. One measure is the percentage of tariff lines that remain dutiable, and the second is the change, from before the FTA to after, in the average maximum (across 6-digit products) positive tariffs. Both measures are derived from data in the UNCTAD TRAINS database, and are then related to measures of country characteristics that might explain them. Low per capita GDP countries tend to have larger fractions of dutiable tariff lines, while higher income countries tend to post larger increases in average maximum positive tariffs. Both suggest that the favored treatment of sensitive sectors is undermining the potential gains from trade that FTAs could provide.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.893-920
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 한국 노동패널(KLIPS) 제1차~제12차년도 자료를 이용하여 개인의 전반적 생활만족도(life satisfaction)와 대기오염 사이에 어떤 연관관계가 있는가를 순서형 프로빗(Ordered Probit) 모형으로 추정하였다. 기존 연구에서 고려하고 있는 다양한 개인의 경제적 특성과 사회 인구학적 특성을 동시에 고려하였다. 실증분석 결과 대기오염도는 개인의 생활만족도에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그 외에 다른 변수들은 기존의 많은 연구결과와 유사한 결론을 보여 주었다. 소득이 증가할수록 생활만족도가 높아지나 어느 수준이 지나면 증가폭이 작아지는 비선형 효과가 나타나 이스털린 역설(Easterlin's paradox)이 의미하는 바가 한국에서도 어느 정도 나타나고 있음을 보여주었다. 본인이 속한 지역의 1인당 소득으로 측정한 타인의 소득 증가는 생활만족도에 부정적 영향을 미치지만, 결혼, 자가주택 보유, 건강, 높은 교육수준은 생활만족도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고, 가구원수가 많은 가구 구성원, 도시거주자, 실업자, 자영업자인 경우는 생활만족도에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.135-142
• /
• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This cross-sectional study assessed household food security status and determined its association with diet quality and weight status among indigenous women from the Mah Meri tribe in Peninsular Malaysia. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The Radimer/Cornell Hunger and Food Insecurity Instrument and the Malaysian Healthy Eating Index (HEI) were used to assess household food security status and diet quality, respectively. Information on socio-demographic characteristics and 24-hour dietary recall data were collected through face-to-face interview, and anthropometric measurements including weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were obtained from 222 women. RESULTS: Majority of households (82.9%) experienced different levels of food insecurity: 29.3% household food insecurity, 23.4% individual food insecurity, and 30.2% fell into the child hunger group. The food-secure group had significantly fewer children and smaller household sizes than the food-insecure groups (P < 0.05). The mean household income, income per capita, and food expenditure significantly decreased as food insecurity worsened (P < 0.001). The food-secure group had significantly higher Malaysian HEI scores for grains and cereals (P < 0.01), as well as for meat, poultry, and eggs (P < 0.001), than the food-insecure groups. The child-hunger group had significantly higher fat (P < 0.05) and sodium (P < 0.001) scores than the food-secure and household food-insecure groups. Compared to the individual food-insecure and child-hunger groups, multivariate analysis of covariance showed that the food-secure group was significantly associated with a higher Malaysian HEI score while the household food-insecure group was significantly associated with a higher BMI after controlling for age (P < 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of indigenous households faced food insecurity. Food insecurity at the individual and child levels was associated with lower quality of diet, while food insecurity at the household level was associated with higher body weight. Therefore, a substantial effort by all stakeholders is warranted to improve food insecurity among poorer households. The results suggest a pressing need for nutritional interventions to improve dietary intake among low income households.

• 국제지역연구
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.285-306
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 지역경제 관점에서 미국의 SCI(State Competitiveness Index)의 사례를 통해 지역경쟁력지표에 대해 살펴보고, 이들 지역경쟁력 지수와 지역성장 특성과 관계를 패널로짓분석을 통해 실증분석을 하였다. 특히 미국의 주를 대상으로 지역성장의 특성을 소득의 정태적 기준과 동태적 기준으로 구분하였다. 이에 대한 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째 미국 주에서 지역경쟁력지수(SCI)가 전국평균이상인 지역이면서 소득의 정태적요인인 1인당 소득수준과 동태적 요인인 성장률이 전국평균 이상인 지역은 Alaska, Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, Virginia, Washington, Wyoming으로 나타나, 이들 지역이 미국 주 중에서 지역경쟁력지수가 높으면서도 번성지역이라고 할 수 있다. 둘째, 지역성장의 소득수준과 지역경쟁력 지수와의 관계에 있어서는 인적자본, 과학기술, 비즈니스 인큐베이션, 개방성, 안정성, 환경정책 등의 변수들이 통계적 유의미했다. 셋째, 지역성장의 소득성장률과 지역경쟁력 지수와의 관계에 있어 인프라, 인적자본, 과학기술과 개방성 등이 통계적으로 유의미한 변수였다. 지식기반경제에 있어 지역소득수준과 성장률에 중요한 지역경쟁력 변수는 인적자본, 과학기술, 개방성이라고 할 수 있어 향후 한국의 지식기반경제에 있어 지역경쟁력을 강화하기 위해서는 지역경제차원에서 이들 지표에 대한 경쟁력 향상을 위한 정책이 중요할 것으로 판단된다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.155-162
• /
• 2020

The paper aims to examine the association between information and communication technology (ICT), economic growth and population health based on health production model in Malaysia. This theoretical health production function is represented as follows: where the output is an individual health outcome, and the inputs are determinants of health, such as income, education, health care costs, medical facilities, the environment, and lifestyle. The development of information and communication technologies are represented as of mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100) and fixed telephone subscriptions (100) using time series data from 1993-2017 from the World Bank database. Using the bound testing technique of cointegration, this study finds that ICT affects population health significantly and positively in the long- and short-run. This is because ICT inclusion improves human health and longevity. Whereas, economic growth has no significant impact on the population's health both in the short- and long-run. The findings indicate that a weak global economy affects Malaysia's economic growth and reduces the health expenditure per capita. The results of this study suggest that policymakers must develop policies that improves public health by increasing health literacy, disseminating health information and facilitating medical facilities. This study also suggests that health care systems should to concentrate on digital inclusion.

• 응용통계연구
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.663-683
• /
• 2015

저출산과 고령화 등의 인구구조의 변화는 미래 건강보험 재정의 안전성을 위협하고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 2002년부터 2013년까지 국민건강보험 표본코호트 DB를 이용하여 유병율 및 진료비에 대한 통계적 모형을 추정하고 인구구조와 경제상황의 변화에 대한 다양한 미래 가정들을 반영하여 건강보험 재정의 연도별 수입과 지출을 2060년까지 추계하였다. 지출 추계에는 건강보험공단 표본 코호트 DB를 이용하여 유병율 및 진료비를 추계하였다. 유병율 모형은 VECM-LC모형을 그리고 1인당 공단 부담 진료비에 대한 추계는 이중지수평활법에 근거 하였다. 두 모형 모두를 의료기관별, 질병별, 성별, 연령별로 적합하고 경제상황의 변화에 대한 국회와 정부의 여러 가정들을 반영하여 최종 추계치를 산출하였다. 수입 추계는 고령화 속도에 대한 두 개의 다른 가정에 근거한 두 개의 미래 인구구조를 반영한 두 개의 피부양률 가정에 근거하고, 지출 추계에서와 마찬가지로 경제 상황의 변화에 대한 여러 가지 가정을 반영하여 최종 추계치를 산출하였다. 그 결과 건강보험 재정적자는 2015년 불변가격으로 2030년에는 2030조 원, 2060년에는 4070조 원이 될 것으로 추계되었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.2897-2901
• /
• 2013

Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Although certain dietary factors and lifestyles have been suggested to be associated with gastric carcinogenesis, there have been few investigations focusing on rural areas. A case-control study was therefore carried out to investigate the risk factors of gastric cardia cancer (GCC) in rural areas of Linzhou. A total of 470 newly diagnosed cases of GCC and 470 healthy controls were included. Face-to-face interviews were conducted, using a uniform questionnaire containing questions on demographics, per capita income, living habits, dietary habits and family history of tumors. The relationship between putative risk factors and GCC was assessed by odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) derived from conditional logistic regression model by the COXREG command using SPSS 12.00. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate simultaneously the effects of multiple factors and other potential confounding factors. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that smoking (OR=1.939, 95%CI:1.097-3.426), alcohol drinking (OR=2.360, 95%CI: 1.292-4.311), hot food consumption (OR=2.034, 95%CI: 1.507-2.745), fast eating (OR=1.616, 95%CI: 1.171-2.230), mouldy food (OR=4.564, 95%CI: 2.682-7.767), leftover food (OR=1.881. 95%CI: 1.324-2.671), and family history of tumor (OR=2.831, 95%CI: 1.588-5.050) were risk factors for GCC. High per capita income (OR=0.709, 95%CI: 0.533-0.942), high education level (OR=0.354, 95%CI: 0.163-0.765), consumption of fresh fruits (OR=0.186, 95%CI: 0.111-0.311) and vegetables (OR=0.243, 95%CI: 0.142-0.415), and high BMI (OR=0.367, 95%CI: 0.242-0.557) were protective factors for GCC. Our data indicate that unhealthy lifestyle and dietary habits might be important contributors to GCC in this population.