• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.382-389
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• 2002

The aims of this study is to evaluate the effect of Aspergillus oryzae Fermentation Extract (AFE) on the performance of lactating cows in summer (May to July) and winter (December to February). The experiment was a completely randomized design (CRD) and dietary treatments were 1) basal diet without AFE, 2) basal plus 3 g/d AFE into the basal total mixed ration (TMR), 3) basal plus 45.4 mg AFE/kg the ensiling corn silage and 4) AFE inclusion in silage and TMR. Twenty-eight cows from each trial were selected and randomly allocated into the four treatment groups, confined in individual pens, and fed ad libitum for 8 weeks in both seasons of feeding trials. Results showed that AFE inclusion in corn silage significantly improved DM intake by 4.4% and milk yield by 3.1% (p<0.05) during summer. In the winter season, AFE inclusion in the diet significantly improved milk yield by 10%. Direct addition of AFE to the TMR even further significantly improved milk yield over the addition through corn silage by 7.4% in winter (p<0.05). An additive effect of AFE inclusion into TMR and through corn silage was also demonstrated in the winter-feeding. AFE inclusion however, did not improve DM intake during the winter trial. In the summer trial, inclusion of AFE showed an adverse effect on the percentage of milk fat, but did not impact on the milk fat yield. Adding AFE through corn silage showed a trend towards alleviating the negative effects of milk fat from direct AFE inclusion in TMR. The similar trend occurred in the winter trial. The inclusion of AFE through corn silage significantly lowered the milk protein content over direct AFE addition, but did not significantly impacted the milk protein yield in summer. AFE supplementation during the winter season significantly increased milk protein content. Adding AFE to the corn silage significantly increased milk protein content over direct AFE addition in winter although inclusion of AFE significantly decreased total milk solid content in the summer (p<0.005). During the winter season, inclusion of AFE required less DM to produce a unit of milk. Inclusion of AFE into corn silage required less DM, energy and protein to produce a unit of milk. But inclusion of AFE did not alleviate heat stress on the lactating cows.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.19 no.4 s.74
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• pp.399-406
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• 2006

The natural frequencies of Al square plates with a brass inclusion were analyzed by the rule of mixtures. The rule of mixtures is the method to derive natural frequency mutiplying effective inplane wane speed and nondimensional frequency parameters. Numerical models were Al square plates with an inclusion with cantilever type, 2 clamped edge-2 free edge type, 3 clamped edge-1 free edge type and fully clamped edge type. In cantilever type plates, 2 clamped edge-2 free edge type plates and 3 clamped edge-1 free edge plates with an inclusion, good agreement within 10% obtained from rule of mixtures' results and numerical analysis results within inclusion area ratio 1/9. It was found that the natural frequencies of the cantilever type, 2 clamped edge-2 free edge type and 3 clamped edge-1 free edge type plates with an inclusion decrease as the size of inclusion increases when inclusion is located center of plates. And when the density of inclusion is less than the plates, natural frequency of plates with an inclusion increases as the size of inclusion increases.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.53-73
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• 2023

Man-made structure materials like concrete usually contain inclusions. These inclusions affect the mechanical properties of concrete. In this investigation, the influence of inclusion length and inclination angle on three-dimensional failure mechanism of concrete under uniaxial compression were performed using experimental test and numerical simulation. Approach of acoustic emission were jointly used to analyze the damage and fracture process. Besides, by combining the stress-strain behavior, quantitative determination of the thresholds of crack stress were done. concrete specimens with dimensions of 120 mm × 150 mm × 100 mm were provided. One and two holes filled by gypsum are incorporated in concrete samples. To build the inclusion, firstly cylinder steel tube was pre-inserting into the concrete and removing them after the initial hardening of the specimen. Secondly, the gypsum was poured into the holes. Tensile strengths of concrete and gypsum were 2.45 MPa and 1.5 MPa, respectively. The angle bertween inclusions and axial loadind ary from 0 to 90 with increases of 30. The length of inclusion vary from 25 mm to 100 mm with increases of 25 mm. Diameter of the hole was 20 mm. Entirely 20 various models were examined under uniaxial test. Simultaneous with experimental tests, numerical simulation (Particle flow code in two dimension) were carried out on the numerical models containing the inclusions. The numerical model were calibrated firstly by experimental outputs and then failure behavior of models containing inclusions have been investigated. The angle bertween inclusions and axial loadind vary from 0 to 90 with increases of 15. The length of inclusion vary from 25 mm to 100 mm with increases of 25 mm. Entirely 32 various models were examined under uniaxial test. Loading rate was 0.05 mm/sec. The results indicated that when inclusion has occupied 100% of sample thickness, two tensile cracks originated from boundaries of sample and spread parallel to the loading direction until being integrated together. When inclusion has occupied 75% of sample thickness, four tensile cracks originated from boundaries of sample and spread parallel to the loading direction until being integrated together. When inclusions have occupied 50% and 25% of sample thickness, four tensile cracks originated from boundaries of sample and spread parallel to the loading direction until being integrated together. Also the inclusion was failed by one tensile crack. The compressive strength of samples decease with the decreases of the inclusions length, and inclusion angle had some effects on that. Failure of concrete is mostly due to the tensile crack. The behavior of crack, was affected by the inclusion length and inclusion number.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.988-1000
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• 2023

Hesperetin(HT) is a potent antioxidant flavonoid aglycone derived from hesperidin(HD). The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities of HT and its cyclodextrin(CD) inclusion complexes were compared in vitro. HT was prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of HD, and HT/CD complexes were prepared using 𝛽-cyclodextrin(𝛽-CD) and hydroxypropyl-𝛽-cyclodextrin(HP-𝛽-CD) by solvent co-evaporation method. The solubility of the HT/HP-𝛽-CD inclusion complex increased 93.5-fold compared to HT, and the solubility of HT/𝛽-CD increased 22.5-fold. The HT/HP-𝛽-CD inclusion complex showed a similar effect as HT on radical scavenging activity in antioxidant assays, whereas the HT/𝛽-CD inclusion complex showed slightly lower activity than HT. Cytotoxicity was low in the following order; HT/HP-𝛽-CD, HT/𝛽-CD, and HT in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Treatment with HT and HT/CD inclusion complexes reduced the levels of inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide(NO), tumor necrosis factor-𝛼(TNF-𝛼) and interleukin-6(IL-6) in the cells. HT and HT/HP-𝛽-CD inclusion complex were more effective than HT/𝛽-CD inclusion complex at relatively low concentrations. Inhibitory effects were tested on skin-pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and they showed an antimicrobial effect on S. aureus in the order of HT = HT/HP-𝛽-CD > HT/𝛽-CD, but they did not show any significant inhibitory effect on P. aeruginosa. In conclusion, HT, the aglycone form of HD, and its CD inclusion complexes showed various biological activities. HT/HP-𝛽-CD inclusion complex, which is the highly soluble form of HT, showed relatively higher activity compared to HT/𝛽-CD inclusion complex.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.116-123
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• 1979

On the basis of optical microscope and electro microscope observation for the fatigue fracture process of medium corbon martensitic structure produced by rapid heat treatment, mainly the abstracts of the studied results for the morphology of fatigue crack initiation process of high hardened steel are summarized as follows. Fatigue crack initiated from inclusion on the surface or subsurface. Above all the crack which initiated from inclusion exposed on the surface in as follows. (1) fatigue crack initiated from the boundary of the matrix and inclusion. (2) fatigue crack initiated at surrounding of small pit by drop out of inclusion.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.545-559
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• 2006

This paper is to introduce guidelines for application, inclusion, reference and adoption of standards and specifications. International standards such as IEC 60300-3-4, ISO/IEC Guide 50, ISO/IEC Guide 51, IEC 81714-3 and ISO/IEC Guide 21-1, 2 are considered. This paper is to discuss guide to the specification of dependability and environmental requirements and guidelines for safety inclusion in standards, and guidelines for standards developers to address the needs of older persons and persons with disabilities, etc.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 1985

Lamellar tearing susceptibility and through-thickness tensile ductility have been investigated in $40kg/mm^2 and 50kg/mm^2$ class tensile strength steel plates in terms of cleanliness of non-metallic inclusion and welding condition. The plate which had 0.01% cleanliness of A-type inclusion (MnS) had 61% of the reduction of area in the through-thickness direction and did not show lamellar tearing. Lamellar tearing susceptibility decreased with increasing the preheat and interpass temperature. The plate which had 0.04% cleanliness of A-type inclusion did not show lamellar tearing under the condition of 75.deg. C of preheat and interpass temperature.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.255-275
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• 2022

In this paper, we introduce a new system of set-valued variational inclusion problems in semi-inner product spaces. We use resolvent operator technique to propose an iterative algorithm for computing the approximate solution of the system of set-valued variational inclusion problems. The results presented in this paper generalize, improve and unify many previously known results in the literature.

• Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.701-707
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• 2022

In this article, we put forward a new type of variational inclusion problem known as resolvent inclusion. An algorithm is given for approximating its solution. The convergence of the algorithm is explained with the help of an example and plots using Matlab.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.673-687
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• 2022

In this study, we solve the Cayley inclusion problem and the fixed point problem in real Hilbert space using Tseng's technique with inertial extrapolation in order to obtain more efficient results. We provide a strong convergence theorem to approximate a common solution to the Cayley inclusion problem and the fixed point problem under some appropriate assumptions. Finally, we present a numerical example that satisfies the problem and shows the computational performance of our suggested technique.