• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 1978

The purpose of this study was to apply the position, the form and the angle of the attrition in the natural maxillary central incisors shown on the labial surface to the artificial teeth in the field of prosthetic dentistry. So we should exactly alter the molds of artificial teeth in individual cases in order to make artificial teeth more natural. 226 extracted teeth of the maxillary central incisors were chosen as materials. I have exactly examined the teeth with a magnifying glass and a circular graduator under concentrated light. The observation brought me the following results: 1) The attrition was most prevailing at the range from the mesial angle to the middle part of cutting edge in the left maxillary central incisor, and distal angle of cutting edge in the right maxillary central incisor. 2) On the attrite form of both angles, the angulated form was more than 4 times as frequent as rounded form in the mesial angle, and almost equal in the distal angle. 3) On the attrite form of cutting edge, mesial attrite form including mesial angle was most frequent in the left maxillary central incisor, and distal attrite form including distal angle in the right maxillary central incisor. 4) The angle made by the labial surface and the attrite surface was about $39^{\circ}$, and more than 70% of the total examined teeth were included at the range from $31^{\circ}\;to\;50^{\circ}$. 5) None attrite form at the cutting edge was about 12% and completely attrite form at the cutting edge was about 27% of examined teeth.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to identify spinal curvatures, plantar pressure and foot angles in a walking. Methods : 19 outpatients under 19 years old were included. Plantar pressure and foot angle in a walking were measured by using Gaitview AFA-50. Spinal curvatures were measured by using radiograph. Results : The cervical lordotic angle is significantly difference with left and right plantar pressure(p=0.027). The thoracic kyphotic angle is significantly difference with left and right plantar pressure(p=0.026). Cobb's angle is significantly difference with left and right plantar pressure(p=0.027). The other plantar pressure were no difference from spinal curvatures and foot angle in a walking. Conclusion : There were no correlation between plantar pressure, spinal curvatures and foot angle. We consider that needed more additional study.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.320-327
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• 2002

An experimental study of heat transfer from hot flat surface to water sprays was conducted in high temperature region. Heat transfer measurements for hot flat surface were made by 4 sheathed C-A thermocouples. Droplets volume flux were also measured-independently at a position in spray field. The test conditions included variations in droplets volume flux, subcooling of cooling water of $1.565\times10^{-3} to 14.089\times10^{-3}m^3/m^2s and 80 to $20^{\circ}C$ respectively. The effects of inclination angle on heat transfer were investigated and changes in inclination angle of hot flat surface affected heat transfer coefficients of high temperature region.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.463-476
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• 2003

This paper deals with nonlinear asymmetric dynamic buckling of clamped laminated angle-ply composite spherical shells under suddenly applied pressure loads. The formulation is based on first-order shear deformation theory and Lagrange's equation of motion. The nonlinearity due to finite deformation of the shell considering von Karman's assumptions is included in the formulation. The buckling loads are obtained through dynamic response history using Newmark's numerical integration scheme coupled with a Newton-Raphson iteration technique. An axisymmetric curved shell element is used to investigate the dynamic characteristics of the spherical caps. The pressure value beyond which the maximum average displacement response shows significant growth rate in the time history of the shell structure is considered as critical dynamic load. Detailed numerical results are presented to highlight the influence of ply-angle, shell geometric parameter and asymmetric mode on the critical load of spherical caps.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.213-221
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• 2018

In the desert and Gobi regions with strong wind and large sediment discharge, sand transporting engineering is more effective than sand blocking and sand fixing measures in sand prevention. This study uses the discrete phase model of 3D numerical simulation to study the motion trail, motion state and distribution rule of sand particles with different grain diameters when the included angle between the main shaft of the feather-row lateral transportation sand barrier and the wind direction changes, and conducts a comparison in combination with the wind tunnel test and the flow field rule of common sand barrier. According to the comparison, when wind-sand incoming flow passes through a feather-row sand barrier, sand particles slow down and deposit within the deceleration area under the resistance of the feather-row sand barrier, move along the transportation area formed by the transportation force, and accumulate as a ridge at the tail of the engineering. With increasing wind speed, the eolian erosion of the sand particles to the ground and the feather-row sand barrier is enhanced, and the sand transporting quantity and throw-over quantity of the feather-row sand barrier are both increased. When sand particles with different grain diameters bypass the feather-row sand barrier, the particle size of the infiltrating sands will increase with the included angle between the main shaft of the feather-row sand barrier and the wind direction. The obtained result demonstrates that, at a constant wind speed, the flow field formed is most suitable for the lateral transportation of the wind-drift flow when the included angle between the main shaft of the feather-row sand barrier lateral transportation engineering and the wind speed is less than or equal to $30^{\circ}$.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.14.1-14.6
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• 2024

In human, ultrasonography is used to measure the pennation angle in various muscles to identify muscle functions such as force production, and to study alterations of the pennation angle during muscle contraction, hypertrophy, and atrophy. However, assessments of the pennation angle have not yet been conducted in dogs. This study aims to assess the normal pennation angle of the tibialis cranialis muscle in dogs using ultrasound and to detect changes in this angle in dogs with muscular atrophy. Sixty-eight healthy dogs were examined to establish normal values, while 12 ataxic and 12 lame dogs with suspected hindlimb muscle atrophy were also included. The pennation angle was measured using ultrasound at the midpoint between the proximal end of the tibia and the malleolus, measuring the angle between the muscle bundle and the deep aponeurosis. To confirm the significance between the 5 breeds and to identify a difference between normal and atrophied muscles, statistical analysis was conducted. The study found no significant difference in pennation angle between breeds, with mean values (± standard deviation) of 4.97° (± 1.88) in neutral, 7.25° (± 2.68) in flexion, and 3.31° (± 1.33) in extension positions. Decrease of the pennation angle was identified in muscle atrophy and the flexion position was determined to be the most appropriate for pennation angle measurement of tibialis cranialis muscle. We recommend considering the pennation angle as a valuable indicator of muscle health in dogs, as it demonstrates significant potential for diagnosing and monitoring muscular conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.226-231
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• 2003

The contour of mandibular angle is important for facial esthetics in the oriental population, because the wide and square face is thought to have had an unhappy life. A prominent mandibular angle produces a characteristics quardrangle, coase, and muscular appearance. So, uni- or bi-lateral mandibular angle reduction is usually performed. However, there is little guideline for bi-lateral angle reduction. So, this study was to investigate the pattern of Korean mandibular angle for bi-lateral mandibular angle reduction as guideline. This study was included 66 adult men and women over 19 years old who are having the normal mandibular angle. We measured the posterior border, angle, and inferior border of mandible using cephalometric view. The results of study was as followed : 1. The ratio of posterior mandible was 96.6, 97.3% in male, and 103.0, 106.0% in female. 2. The ratio of mandibular angle(R1-Go/R1-R2) was 120.2% in male, and 117.3% in female. 3. The ratio of inferior mandible(D5, 6, 7, E, F, G/D4) was 97.3, 90.9, 79.5, 65.2, 57.8, 46.9% in male, and 98.5, 91.2, 80.5, 67.6, 59.1, 50.2% in female. The results of this study should be useful to decide accurate amount of reduction.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.15-20
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• 2014

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sling exercise on the cervical lordotic angle, craniovertebral angle, and head rotation angle among adolescents in the forward head posture. Methods: The subjects include 22 adolescents that recorded a mild level or higher on the posture evaluation index by New York State. They were randomly divided to the hand exercise group (n=11) and the control group (n=11). The former group participated in the sling exercise program three times a week over four weeks in total with each session lasting 60 minutes, whereas the latter group was not included in the program. The cervical lordotic angle, craniovertebral angle, and head rotation angle were measured before and after the intervention. Results: The study compared the cervical lordotic angle between the two groups before and after sling exercise and found that the sling exercise group made an increase of $7.36^{\circ}$ from $21.91^{\circ}$ to $29.27^{\circ}$ after the intervention(p<.05). As for the comparison results of the craniovertebral angle, the sling exercise group made an increase of $5.64^{\circ}$ from $48.91^{\circ}$ to $54.55^{\circ}$ after the intervention (p<.05). As for the comparison results of the cranial-rotation angle, the sling exercise group made an decrease of $-7.73^{\circ}$ from $148.82^{\circ}$ to $141.09^{\circ}$ after the intervention (p<.05). The control group showed no differences before and after the intervention (p>.05). Conclusion: Those findings indicate that the application of sling exercise in the forward head posture can be a good program to maintain the right posture and improve or prevent an abnormal posture and raise a need for more clinical applications and ongoing researches.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2020

Objective: The purposes of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic values of abdominal muscles thickness and sterno-costal angle as the quantitative diagnostic indicators for young adults with rounded shoulders. Design: A observational, cross-sectional study. Methods: This study included thirty-three male participants in order to examine the relationship among thoracic kyphosis, sternocostal angle, and abdominal muscle thickness. We used ultrasound imaging to measure the muscle thickness, two gravity-dependent inclinometers to measure the kyphosis angle, and Image J to measure the sterno-costal angle. Results: There was a significant positive correlation between the amount of thoracic kyphosis angle and muscle thickness of the external oblique (EO) on the right side (r=0.931), and on the left side (r=0.432), and the transverse abdominis (TrA) (r=0.649). There was also a significant negative correlation between the thoracic kyphosis angle and the sterno-costal angle at the right side (r=-0.942) and at the left side (r=-0.860). There was a significant positive relationship with muscle thickness of the EO and TrA on the right side with the thoracic kyphosis angle, and was significant negative relationship with the sterno-costal angle on both sides. Conclusions: The results of the study suggest that the thoracic kyphosis angle is related to muscle thickness of the EO and TrA on the dominant side and the sterno-costal angle. We also suggest that future studies are needed to determine how strengthening the abdominal muscles may contribute to preventing excessive thoracic kyphosis in young adults.

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.205-211
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• 2004

Objective : This study is designed to provide clinical data about patients of scoliosis for clinicians. Methods : We investigated 112 patients who have signs and symptoms of scoliosis. visited Vertebral -Joint Center of Conmaul Oriental Medical Hospital from January 2003 to July 2004. We measured Cobb's angle in the 112 patients' X-ray of full spine AP and lateral view and also analyzed age, sex, chief complaints. Results : 1. We investigated 72 female and 40 male patients. The most common distribution of age was 20's in both sex. 2. In the scoliosis angle : The average scoliosis angle was $9.27^{\circ}{\pm}6.06^{\circ}$ in 112 patients. The average scoliosis angle of 40 male patients was$8.9^{\circ}{\pm}6.77^{\circ}$. The average scoliosis angle of 72 female patients was $9.48^{\circ}{\pm}5.67^{\circ}$. 3. The most common region of scoliosis was thoracic spine with 37 patients. 4. The most common chief complaint was low back pain with 69 patients. In the 48 patients. self awareness of scoliosis was included in the chief complaint.