• 한국조경학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.33-48
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to discover the landscape visual image of the slope scene and their harmony with surrounding sceneries. This research utilized the basic study tool of psycho-physics and processed the case study of ten types of slope construction scene along the highway. The analysis was performed by the data obtained from the questionnaires and the photos for the slope construction scene. The questionnaires for analysis the image of the slope construction scene and their harmony with surrounding sceneries were designed using semantic differential scale and 5 point Likert-scale. The major findings were as follows. 1. At the part of the visual preferences analysis, the slope revegetation methods showed high level of preferences generally than on the slope structure methods. While the slope revegetation methods were estimated friendly, continuity, harmonious, soft, light and wide, the slope revegetation methods were estimated unstable, female, static, simple, omnipresent, appeared as policeman of weak inclination. Also the slope structure methods were estimated stable, manly, complicated, steep and healthy but rough, unharmonious, unfamiliar and heavy. 2. Psychological factors, related to the satisfaction for the slope revegetation methods were composed of three factors, aesthetic, individuality and physical character. And the slope structure methods were composed of five factors, aesthetic, individuality, stability, physical character, and complexity. 3. At the part of harmony with surrounding landscapes, the slope revegetation methods were evaluated highly but the slope structure methods received the lowest evaluation. Also the harmony analysis with surrounding view on the slope revegetation methods showed degree of high more than average in all texture, form, color and scale but the slope structure methods showed degree of fewer than average degree in form, scale, color and texture.

• 재활복지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.213-230
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• 2018

본 연구는 청소년의 스마트폰 중독이 증가함에 따라 나타나는 척추 건강에 미치는 영향을 알아보고 인지강도에 따른 척추건강의 조절효과를 알아보고자 실시하였다. 모든 대상자는 스마트 폰 중독 진단 척도, 경추의 전방 기울기 각도(거북목 각도), 그리고 뇌파의 인지감마피크(Cognitive Gamma-Peak)의 진폭변화량을 측정하여 스마트폰 사용 정도, 척추각도, 그리고 인지강도를 측정하였다. 그 결과 스마트폰 사용 정도가 증가할수록 척추각도는 유의하게 증가하였으며(p<.001), 인지강도가 증가할수록 척추각도는 유의하게 감소하였다(p<.01). 또한 인지강도는 스마트폰 사용정도의 상호작용을 통해서도 척추각도에 조절효과를 나타냈다(p<.05). 이러한 결과를 볼 때, 인지강도가 낮을수록 스마트폰 사용정도는 증가하며 이에 따른 척추각도도 증가함을 의미한다. 결국 이 결과는 후기 청소년들에게 인지강도가 중간인 그룹과 낮은 그룹에서 스마트폰 사용 정도가 높아질수록 경추의 전방 기울기 각도(거북목 각도)가 더 증가한다는 것을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.651-660
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the degrees and the influence factors of job satisfaction of dietitians working in hospitals in relation to performance of duty in their works and to provide effective management of hospital dietitians for high quality health and food service in hospital. The questionaire was prepared with reference to the previous studies on job satisfaction of dietitians working in hospitals throughout the nation. 201 dietitians in the country were surveyed. The period of research was from January 20 to February 28, 1995. The results are as follows. 1) In regard to the degree of job satisfaction of hospital dietitians, they showed the highest degree of job satisfaction in the relationships with fellow dietitians followed by worth and self-confidence, aptitude and interests, relationships with cooks, job stability, degree of recognition of the dietitians competence, supervision of the superiors, degree of application of professional knowledge, work load, wage level, degree of recognition of the importance of duty, cooperative relationships with load, wage level, degree of recognition of the importance of duty, cooperative relationships with doctors, degree of performance of clinical work, the number of dietitians, the prromotion system, and welfare system in that order. On the other hand, they showed the highest dissatisfaction with food service facilities. 2) The influence factors on job satisfaction are as follows. (1) Wage factor : Shorter weekday working hours and higher bonuses make greaster job satisfaction (R2=0.3115). (2) Working condition factor : Larger number of monthly holidays(R2=0.5142), shorter weekday working hours(R2=0.1077), longer previous food service experience and computer utilization (R2=0.1432) make greater job satisfaction. (3) Welfare factor : Welfare system (R2=0.4132) and promotion system (R2=0.1624) have to do with computer utilization. Job stability has to do with marital status and computer utilization (R2=0.1165). consequently, those married dietitians who use computers show higher job satisfaction. (4) Human relationship factor : Smaller mumber of patients receiving food makes greater job satisfaction (R2=0.1334). (5) Superivision factor : Shorter weekday working hours and larger number of monthly holidays make greater job satisfaction (R2=0.1709). (6) Achievement factor : Marriage, larger number of dietitians(R2=9.2293), age, larger number of monthly holiday, higher monthly wages and computer utiliazation (R2=0.1088) make greater job satisfaction. (7) Speciality factor : Marriage, longer current hospital tenure, higher position and working in seoul(R2=0.1142) make higher job satisfaction. (8) Job inclination factor : working in general hospitals rather than in oriental hispitals, working in seoul(R2=0.1776) and better bonuses(R2=0.1078)make greater job satisfaction. As a result, the following is suggested for the job satisfaction of hospital dietitions on the basis of this study : hospital dietitians can achieve miximum job satisfaction through smooth relationships with coworkers, and the responsible managers should improve welfare and working conditions for the job satisfaction of hospital dietitians.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.259-272
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• 1997

Segmented arch mechanics를 적용하여 상악 전치에 intrusive force를 가할 때 저항중심의 전후방 위치를 알아내기 위해 상악 6전치와 치근막 및 치조골의 3차원 유한요소모델을 제작하였다. intrusion시키고자 하는 치아의 수, 치축의 경사도 및 치조골의 흡수 정도에 따른 저항중심의 위치 변화를 비교 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 치축경사도와 치조골의 높이가 정상일 경우, 치아의 수에 따른 저항중심의 위치는 다음과 같았다. 1) 중절치 2개를 대상으로 한 경우에는 측절치 브라켓의 원심면 부위에 위치하였다. 2) 중절치와 측절치 4개를 대상으로 한 경우에는 측절치와 견치 브라켓 사이 공간의 후방 2/3 부위에 위치하였다. 3) 중절치, 측절치 및 견치 6개를 대상으로 한 경우에는 견치 브라켓 후방 약 3mm 부위로 견치와 제1소구치의 치간부에 위치하였다. 4) 치아의 수가 증가할수록 저항중심은 후방으로 이동하였다. 특히 4전치군 보다는 6전치군에서 후방 이동량이 크게 나타났다. 2. 절치의 순측 경사도가 증가할수록 저항중심은 후방으로 이동하였다. 3. 치조골의 흡수량이 증가할수록 저항중심은 후방으로 이동하였다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 콘크리트 U형 벤치 플륨관 수로에 설치되는 수로 탈출 경사로의 경사각에 따른 개구리 행동 특성을 분석하여 탈출 경사로 기준 각도를 제언하는 것이다. 실험 장치는 현장에서 적용되는 콘크리트 수로 탈출장치와 형태 및 재질을 유사하게 제작하였다. 경사로 실험을 위해 논 습지에 서식하는 한국산개구리를 선정하였다. 경사로에서 보여지는 개구리의 주요 행동은 '뛰기', '걷기', '미끄러짐'이었으며, 경사각에 따른 행동 결과를 기록한 후 통계 분석하였다. 경사각은 20°-60° 범위에서 10° 간격으로 5개의 경사각을 설정하여 비교·분석하였다. 연관성 검증은 카이제곱 검증 방법을 사용하였다. 분석결과 30°와 40°는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이는 '생태통로 설치 및 관리지침'의 30° 이하의 설치 기준에 있어, 현장에서 이를 40°까지 일부 허용해 줄 수 있는 근거로 활용될 수 있는 결과이다. 하지만 수로 탈출 경사로가 한국산개구리뿐 아니라 다양한 소형 야생동물을 대상으로 하고 있다는 점에서 추가 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.291-315
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• 2016

본 논문은 민주화 이후 정치행위자들의 의료민영화 및 의료공공성 관련 정치적 행위를 경험적으로 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 1993년부터 2012년까지 주요 일간신문을 활용하여 내용분석하였다. 분석결과 첫째, 민주화 이후에도 정당이 국민의 요구를 수렴하여 주도적으로 정책을 결정해 나가지 못하였으며 정당은 보수적인 성향이 강하였고 일관된 정책적 이념지향성을 보이지 않았다. 둘째, 민주화 이후 공공의료 이슈에서 시민운동의 역할이 커졌음에도 불구하고 정부의 역할에 비해서는 작았다. 시민대중운동의 공공의료 발전에 대한 기여도가 대통령과 경제부처의 민영화에 대한 영향력을 상쇄할 정도는 아니었다. 셋째, 민주화 이후 김대중, 노무현, 이명박 정권 모두에서 공공의료 발전과 민영화가 함께 진행되었다. 민주화 이후 복지국가의 성격이 질적으로 변화했다고 보기 어려우나 정권별 대통령의 이념성향, 복지부의 역량, 민영화 주도 부처의 종류의 차이에 따라 복지국가 발전 정도가 달랐다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.149-163
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to present a plan to activate the production and consumption of environmently friendly agricultural products through an analysis on the understanding degree, the level and inclination of consumption, the satisfaction degree of consumption, and the comprehension degree of production and circulation process of the environmently friendly agricultural products. 1 reviewed the literature and did survey In this study. The results are as follows : (1) As a result of an analysis on the understanding degree of the environmently friendly agricultural products, it is shown to get 6.37 points out of 10 and also, there is a difference between age, educational background, and income level. (2) In the case of research on the method to distinguish the environmently friendly agricultural products from others, it is proved that consumers have a strong faith on quality guarantee marks and there is a difference between gender, income level, and consumption period. (3) It is also shown that consumers purchase environmently friendly agricultural products for the family member's health in the survey on the motivation for purchasing them. And also, there is a difference between men and women. (4) The result of the survey on the consumption scale of the environmently friendly agricultural products shows that 94 people(60.3％) spend more than 50％ of their gloss foodstuffs cost purchasing them and 20 people(12.8％) spend 30-50％. (5) In the survey on the amount and the frequency of the purchasing items of the envirounently friendly agricultural products, respondents count livestock products mostly in amount while point out main cereals and a kinds of soy and pastes in frequency. (6) Consumers ask that the price of environmently friendly agricultural products is a little expensive or reasonable and there is no differences between individual groups. (7) In the case of the purchase of foreign environmently friendly agricultural products, there are more people who want to purchase domestic ones than those who want foreign ones. Therefore, it is shown that environmently friendly agricultural products have a counterpower after the market-open to import. (8) As a result of the analysis on the quality of environmently friendly agricultural products, it is proved that they have better quality than general agricultural products and also, it is found out that women feel larger differences than men in quality. (9) In the analysis on the satisfaction degree of the environmently friendly agricultural products, it is proved that respondents trust the safety and nutrition of them whereas they are not satisfied with the external shape of them. (10) It is analyzed that tile conversion of consumer's consciousness is the most critical factor for development of environmently friendly agriculture. (11) The factors to activate the consumption of environmently friendly agricultural products are proved in order of the enlargement of direct transaction, the conversion of consumer's consciousness, the easiness of purchase, activating consumers'unions, and publicity.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.539-549
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of 3 implant impression methods by using strain gauge. The models used for this study were partially edentulous mandibular acrylic resin casts Model A, with two abutment analogs in #46,47 extraction site, represented two implant parallel to to the adjacent natural tooth. Model B represent an anterior implant parallel to the adjacene natural tooth and a posterior implant exhibiting a 15-degree lingual inclination. Master framework were fabricated on the master model, and 3 strain gauges were attached to a master framwork to determine the passivity of fit of the framework to sample casts made by the three impression techniques. The master framework was attached to each sample cast with gold screws, which were tightened with the torque driver to ensure a consistent toque application of 10 Ncm. Universal Digital Measuring System UCAM-5BT was used for strain measuring. Impression techniques studid were : 1. unsplinted tapered impression coping, polyvinyl siloxane, stock tray 2. unsplinted squared impression coping, polyether, custom tray 3. squared impression coping splinted with Duralay resin, polyether, custom tray Through analysis on data from this study, the following conclusions were obtained. 1. There were no statistically significant differences between the mean strain recorded from the sample casts made with the tree impression. But only strain values of model A(parallel group) Y-axis was signifcantly differed between Technique 1 and 3(P<0.05). 2. There was no statistically significant difference between model A(parallel group) and model B(15-degree divergent group).

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.92-100
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• 2012

This study was to examine the pattern of visual interpretation in the process of eye-tracking. I categorized the subjects' observation inclination for analysis so that I could find out which element the user observing the space concentrated and explored. First, for 2 minutes of observation, there occurred 171 times of eye-fixations and 9.8 times of observation frequency on average, which showed that the subject, through this observing fixation, spent 44.5% of the entire time performing the visual activity in order to acquire the "visual understanding" of the lobby-space. Second, I found out that there was a consistent observation type as the time passed. I could categorize the subjects observing the space into 6 concentrating types and 3 discontinuing ones of observation types, which category can be utilized as data for analyzing the subjects' characteristics at space-observation. Third, the type, which was so intensive as to get the visual understanding on the space, was mostly of the case that (1) the subject had a kind of high degree of observation type, exploring the space, again having high degree of the observation type [Type A], (2) the subject repeated the concentration from the early part to the latter [Type C], which can be considered to be the observation type generally shared. Fourth, in the case of observing the space, 45.8% of the subjects showed a high rate of concentration at the time of starting the observation and in less than two minutes. The subjects of type A can be considered to understand the space visually by distinctively repeating the concentration and exploration.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.404-410
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• 2009

This study was carried out to develop a self-propelled type explosive subsoiler for improving the root zone soil conditions in orchard and other forest fields. Prototype was designed to be able to inject air and other soil improving material such as lime into soil at the same time, and thus improve the air permeability and drainage of orchard soils to promote the root growth of tree for high quality fruit production. Soil penetration device of explosive subsoiler is composed of air hammer, penetration rob and air injection nozzle. To support the soil penetration device of explosive subsoiler to penetrate vertically, modified Scott-Russel mechanism was used. Timing control device for simultaneous injection of soil improving material with air was attached to the out side wall of air cylinder and as the cylinder move, the soil improving material was injected into soil at the same time. Turning radius of prototype was 2.2-2.3 m with good mobility in sloped land. It took approximately 1 minute for lime injection system to reach the optimum pressure of 9.9 kg/$cm^2$, average 10-20 seconds were required to rupture soil with the depth of 50 cm and 2-3 seconds were required for explosion, so all in all about 1 minute and 20 seconds were required for one cycle of explosion. Maximum soil rupture depth and diameter were 50 cm and 3-4 m respectively depending on the soil type and soil moisture content. For final design of explosive subsoiler inclination angle of lime hopper was increased from 60 degree to 70 degree and the shape of hopper was changed from rectangular cone to circular cone to solve the clogging problem of lime at out let. Agitating system operated by compressed air was attached to the metering device of the prototype, thus more than 90 cc of lime was discharged per cycle from metering device without clogging problems.