• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.815-821
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• 2000

Parasplenial arteriovenous malformations(AVMs) are rare vascular malformations which have distinct clinical and anatomical features. They are situated at the confluence of the hippocampus, isthmus of the cingulate gyrus and the gyrus occipitotemporalis medialis. These lesions are anterior to the calcarine sulcus and their apex extends towards the medial surface of the trigonum. Posterolaterally, these lesions are in close proximity to the visual cortex and optic radiation. The objectives in the surgery of parasplenial AVMs are complete resection of the lesions and preservation of vision. These objectives must be achieved with comprehensive understanding of the following anatomical features :1) the deep central location of the lesions within eloquent brain tissue ; 2) the lack of cortical representation of the AVMs that requires retraction of visual cortex ; 3) deep arterial supply ; 4) deep venous drainage ; 5) juxtaposition to the choroid plexus with which arterial supply and venous drainage are shared. A 16-year-old female student presented with intraventricular hemorrhage from a right parasplenial-subtrigonal AVM. The lesion, fed by posterior cerebral artery and drained into the vein of Galen, was successfully treated by the inter-hemispheric parietooccipital approach. To avoid visual field defect a small incision was made on precuneus anterior to the calcarine sulcus. In this report, the authors describe a surgical approach with special consideration on preservation of visual field.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.295-304
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• 2006

Inflammatory conditions of the breast are uncommon and may be encountered in the puerperal and nonpuerperal setting. Nonpuerperal mastitis is less common and usually presents with inflammation and chronic abscess formation in the periareolar and peripheral region. These abscess have a high rate of recurrence and are often associated with an underlying disease state, such as diabetes, steroid treatment, trauma or other kinds of a deficient immune system. The diagnosis is suggested by the history of sudden onset and the presense of swelling, tenderness, heat, erythema, and in the case of abscess, fluctuation. Ultrasound can also be useful. Treatment consists of antibiotic administration or incision and drainage of the abscess and, in cases of retroareolar abscess, resection of entire underlying duct system. Recently, we have gotten good result from treating two cases of nonpuerperal mastitis and breast abscess which had treatment of antibiotics and drainage three times but recurred. After taking gamijipaesan(加味芷貝散) and acupuncture treatment, they have recovered and haven't recurred in 8 months. So it proves that herb medication and acupuncture are effective on nonpuerperal chronic mastitis and breast abscess.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.1200-1209
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• 2001

Objective : A thorough understanding of the related venous structure is mandatory for successful removal of the petroclival meningiomas. This study was planned to investigate the guideline for safe ligation and incision of transverse or sigmoid sinuses and the importance of drainage pattern of vein of $Labb{\acute{e}}$ in surgical removal of petroclival meningiomas. Patients and Methods : The authors reviewed the venogram of the consecutive 37 cases of petroclival meningiomas and retrospectively analyzed their surgical findings. The drainage pattern of confluence of Herophili was classified as Type A(confluent & equal on both sides), Type B(confluent & non-dominant on tumor side), Type C(confluent & dominant on tumor side) and Type D(unilateral drainage only) as these findings gave the information on safe ligation and resection of the sinus. Usefulness of intraoperative test clamping of sinus for safe ligation was also reviewed. The vein of $Labb{\acute{e}}$ was analyzed with respect to its draining point and its collaterals to other superficial veins. Results : Contraindications of the sinus ligation and resection according to the drainage pattern at the confluence of Herophili were Type C(n=10, 27%)and Type D(n=4, 11%). Patients with Type A(n=12, 32%)and Type B(n=11, 30%) were tolerable to sinus ligation ipsilateral to tumor, if the test clamping proved to be safe. Identification of no brain swelling, after intraoperative test clamping of the sinus for more than 30 minutes performed in 7 out of 11 cases, was a reliable indicator of safe sinus ligation. The drainage pattern of the vein of $Labb{\acute{e}}$, especially low-lying type, could predict the possibility of postoperative hemorrhage and infarction. Its drainage into tentorium or superior petrosal sinus, however, made the transtentorial approach impossible, leading to restricted operative field. Conclusion : For a successful removal of the petroclival meningiomas preoperative venogram should be examined carefully. The extent of exposure in a planned approach can be estimated by analyzing the variation of sinuses and the drainage pattern of vein of $Labb{\acute{e}}$.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.168-173
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• 2006

The side effects of head and neck radiation therapy include mucositis, xerostomia, loss of taste, radiation caries, oral infection, osteoradionecrosis and trismus. When a patient is arranged to begin head & neck radiotherapy, oral pathologic lesions are examined and managed for the prevention of oral complications. The advanced odontogenic infection should be especially controlled before the radiotherapy and the patient must be instructed for proper oral prophylaxis. Generally the more conservative treatments, such as, scaling, restoration, endodontic treatment, are the care of choice and dental extraction is performed in advanced periapical and periodontal pathologic conditions. If the dental extraction should be done, the radiotherapy consequently will be delayed until there is epithelium covering the extraction socket, leaving no exposed bone. The cancer patient with severe emotional stress pray for the early radiation therapy, in spite of possibility of the recurrent odontogenic infectious lesions. So, the authors attempted to do the early radiation therapy by the conservative endodontic drainage and surgical incision & drainage without extraction of the infected teeth, and resulted in relatively good prognosis without the severe side effects of head and neck radiotherapy.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2008

Recently, the survival rates of extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) infants have improved with the development of neonatal intensive care. However, these infants were susceptible to intestinal perforation due to prematurity, fluid restriction, and injection of indomethacin, etc. Because of the risks of transportation, anesthesia and surgery itself, peritoneal drainage has been compared with laparotomy. Through our experience, we investigate the usefulness of peritoneal drainage retrospectively. From 1997 to 2007, six ELBW (M:F=5:1) underwent primary peritoneal drainage for intestinal perforation. Their median birth weight was 685g (405~870) and gestational age was $25^{+1}$ weeks ($24^{+3}{\sim}27^{+0}$). We noticed the intestinal perforation at median 10.5 days (8~18) after birth, and placed Penrose drain or Jackson-Pratt drain through right lower quadrant incision under local anesthesia. The cause of intestinal perforation was necrotizing enterocolitis in one patient, but that of the others was not clear. Three patients who showed normal platelet count and stable vital signs recovered uneventfully. Two patients (birth weight less than 500g) who showed unstable vital signs and low platelet count (12,000 / $mm^3$ to 30,000 / $mm^3$)expired despite aggressive resuscitation. One patient required laparotomy due to persistent intestinal obstruction after drain removal and survived. Our experience shows that peritoneal drainage was an acceptable treatment for ELBW infants and the prognosis was related to vital sign and platelet count at the time of intestinal perforation, and birth weight.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.373-378
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• 1999

Background: Minimally invasive technique for various cardiac surgeries has become widely accepted since it has been proven to have distinct advantages for the patients. We describe here the results of our experiences of minimal incision in cardiac surgery. Material and Method: From February 1997 to November 1998, we successfully performed 31 cases of minimally invasive cardiac surgery. Male and female ratio was 17:14, and the patients age ranged from 1 to 75 years. A left parasternal incision was used in 9 patients with single vessel coronary heart disease. A direct coronary bypass grafting was done under the condition of the beating heart without cardiopulmonary bypass support(MIDCAB). Among these, one was a case of a reoperation 1 week after the first operation due to a kinked mammary artery graft. A right parasternal incision was used in one case of a redo mitral valve replacement. Mini-sternotomy was used in the remaining 21 patients. The procedures were mitral valve replacement and tricuspid annuloplasty in 6 patients, mitral valve replacement 5, double valve replacement 2, aortic valve replacement 1, removal of left atrial myxoma 1, closure of atrial septal defect 2, repair of ventricular septal defect 2, and primary closure of r ght ventricular stab wound 1. The initial 5 cases underwent a T-shaped mini-sternotomy, however, we adopted an arrow-shaped ministernotomy in the remaining cases because it provided better exposure of the aortic root and stability of the sternum after a sternal wiring. Result: The operation time, the cardiopulmonary bypass time, the aorta cross-clamping time, the mechanical ventilation time, the amount of chest tube drainage until POD#1, the chest tube indwelling time, and the duration of intensive care unit staying were in an acceptable range. There were two surgical mortalities. One was due to a rupture of the aorta cannulation site after double valve replacement on POD#1 in the mini-sternotomy case, and the other was due to a sudden ventricular arrhythmia after MIDCAB on POD#2 in the parasternal incision case. Postoperative complications were observed in 2 cases in which a cerebral embolism developed on POD#2 after a mini-sternotomy in mitral valve replacement and wound hematoma developed after a right parasternal incision in a single coronary bypass grafting. Neither mortality nor complication was directly related to the incision technique itself. Conclusion: Minimally invasive surgery using parasternal or mini-sternotomy incision can be used in cardiac surgeries since it is as safe as the standard full sternotomy incisions.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.144-147
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• 1998

The sacrococcygeal region is the frequent site for meningocele, congenital dermal sinus and pilonidal cyst. From May 1995 to July 1998, we have treated 8 neonatal patients with an abscess in the sacrococcygeal area. The mean age at onset was 8.3 days with a range from 6 to 11 days. The sex ratio was 5:3 with male preponderance. Mild fever was the only systemic symptom. Ultrasonogram revealed a slightly hypo echoic lesion in the subcutaneous tissue which became more hypoechoic with time. Pus cultures showed $Staph.$ $aureus$ in 7 patients, two of them had mixed infection with $E.$ $coli$ and other 2 had methicillin-resistant $Staph.$ $aureus.$ The remaining one patient had a mixed infection with $Klebsiella$ and $Proteus.$ Histopathological examination revealed non-specific granuloma and fibrinoid necrotic debris. All patients were easily treated by incision, drainage and proper antibiotics.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.100-103
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• 1992

We experienced a case of primary hepatic actinomycosis which was initially diagnosed by means of fine needle aspiration. The patient was a 31-year-old emaciated man with a 2-month history of 10 kg weight loss, right upper quadrant pain and flank pain. The liver was palpable and tender on physical examination. Computerized tomography scan of the liver showed two ill-defined hypodense masses in gallbladder fossa and inferior pole of right lobe. Hepatocellular carcinoma was clinically suspected. A CT-guided fine needle aspiration was peformed. Microscopically, smears showed numerous radiating clusters of filamentous bacteria with many neutrophils and monocytes in necrotic background. The symptoms were improved by incision and drainage and massive administration of penicillin.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.861-877
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• 1999

The hand is a very specialized organ that functions to obtain information and to execute motor acts essential to human interaction with the environment. Loss of hand function through infections affects the mechanical tasks that the hand performs and psychological adjustments to their disability. Infection is a disastrous complication of hand injuries and adequacy of circulation is of greatest importance to prevention of infection. Careful debridement, incision, and adequate drainage and antibacterial treatment are of great importance. Optimal care of the infected hand demands that carefully surgical care, early postoperative exercises and other therapy. Hand rehabilitation has grown as a specialty area of both physical and occupational therapy. It is essential that the surgeon and therapist work together, and communicate freely-all of which generally require daily contact. Treating the psychological loss suffered by the patient with a hand infections is an integral part of the rehabilitation therapy as well. Treatment techniques, Whether thermal modalities or specifically designed exercises, are used as a bridge to reach a further goal of returning to functional performance.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.438-446
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• 1994

Eighty-nine patients with mandibular fracture were treated by open reduction and internal fixation using the monocortical titanium miniplate(Leibinger Co.). Postsurgical intermaxillary fixation was carried out for 2 to 18 days according to the patient's status. Seven patients developed infections postoperatively(7.9%). Five patients were favorably treated by incision and drainage and/or saucerization. But two patients were not controlled by early surgical intervention and should have been followed by plate removal, saucerization and secondary reconstruction including the bone graft. This article reports the postoperative infection associated with miniplate fixation of mandibular fractures and discuss the incidence, cause, treatment and prognosis with careful case analyses.