Song Kwang Jae;Hur Don;Nam Young Woo;Park Jong Keun;Jeong Hae Seong;Yoon Yong Tae
The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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v.54
no.1
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pp.38-42
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2005
Restructuring of the electric power industry has brought the issue of market competitiveness to surface. Recent years have witnessed the appearance of a particular seller or group of sellers exercising market power in electricity supply. In fact, much scholarly work has been done on how to identify and mitigate such abuse by market management rules. In this paper we assess the possible market power on the basis of pivotal supplier test and propose the method to determine the reasonable quantity of long-term contracts which can play a crucial role in mitigating the market power for a pivotal player. Furthermore the market efficiency is guaranteed by making long term contracts with a pivotal player up to the quantity to ensure that the pivotal player has no incentive to abuse the pivotal quantity in the electricity market.
Though most of East European coutries seem to hold a pronatalist policy, they approve of family planning and provide contraceptive services. One of the most popular contraceptive method has traditionally been the coitus interruptus in these countries. One of the major reasons for adopting family planning is to decrease the incidence of induced abortion has been closely related to the popular use of coitus interruptus in these countries. Most of the East European countries liberalized induce abortion legally mainly to neutralize the wide practice of illegal abortion. However, the practice of induced abortion is under the strict control of the public health authorities in these countries. Migration and redistribution of population of population are mostly under the control of the state in these socialist countries. Policies on migration and redistribution are usually carried out to achieve the general goal of socio-economic development plan of the states. Both incentive measures and control measures are mobilized to affect the internal migration and redistribution of population. With respect to public health East European countries are characterized by the socialized medicine following the Soviet model. Public health measures and medical practice are controlled by the state and highly centralized in many countries except Yugoslavia. They place much emphasis on preventive medicine, primary health care, occupatinal and industrial medicine, and health education. Private sectors in medical practice do not exist in these countries of Eastern Europe.
The Human Research Protection Program (HRPP) includes all subject protection activities and entities involved in the process of planning, reviewing, and conducting clinical research and it ultimately aims that research can be conducted ethically and scientifically while protecting the rights and welfare of research subjects. At the beginning of its introduction in Korea, it was settled down by adopting the United States HRPP, especially the form of AAHRPP element and regulations. However, regulations and operating forms of HRPP have been changed according to the Korean domestic research environment. Actually, all the Korean institutions are adopted the Korean HRPP guidelines that have been officially announced by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in Korea. Recently, Korean domestic laws such as the "Advanced Regenerative Biology Act" or "In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Device Act" have been dramatically innovated and our research environment becomes to be more complicated. Therefore, the development of a suitable Korean HRPP model considering the Korean research environment is strongly demanded. For the early settle down of the Korean HRPP model, the positive incentive method should be applied, when the HRPP is operated and/ or properly operated. These improvements in the Korean HRPP environment will eventually lead to the appropriate protection of subjects who are participating in human clinical research and the quality improvement of clinical research.
KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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v.16
no.5
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pp.1516-1539
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2022
This article shows a set of physical information fusion IoT systems that we designed for smart buildings. Its essence is a computer system that combines physical quantities in buildings with quantitative analysis and control. In the part of the Internet of Things, its mechanism is controlled by a monitoring system based on sensor networks and computer-based algorithms. Based on the design idea of the agent, we have realized human-machine interaction (HMI) and machine-machine interaction (MMI). Among them, HMI is realized through human-machine interaction, while MMI is realized through embedded computing, sensors, controllers, and execution. Device and wireless communication network. This article mainly focuses on the function of wireless sensor networks and MMI in environmental monitoring. This function plays a fundamental role in building security, environmental control, HVAC, and other smart building control systems. The article not only discusses various network applications and their implementation based on agent design but also demonstrates our collaborative information fusion strategy. This strategy can provide a stable incentive method for the system through collaborative information fusion when the sensor system is unstable in the physical measurements, thereby preventing system jitter and unstable response caused by uncertain disturbances and environmental factors. This article also gives the results of the system test. The results show that through the CPS interaction of HMI and MMI, the intelligent building IoT system can achieve comprehensive monitoring, thereby providing support and expansion for advanced automation management.
Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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v.21
no.6
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pp.561-571
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2005
To introduce an emissions trading system for GHG that currently have no reduction requirements, the following should be considered as priorities: eliciting the participation of the industrial sector and linking GHG emission trading systems to the emissions trading system (implemented from July 2007) that has become part of national policy with the enactment of the Special Act. Two directions can serve as viable alternatives in that regard. One is a baseline-and-credit method based on incentive auctioning. This has the advantage of inducing participation through economic incentives without a reductions commitment. The downside of this method is that it requires vast investments, as well as the fact that reaching an agreement between participants and the government to decide an objective baseline is difficult. On the other hand, the cap-and-trade method set forth in the Special Act is attractive in that it can be integrated with the air pollutant emissions trading system, but it would be difficult to elicit the participation of the industrial sector in the absence of GHG emission reduction requirements. In the current situation, it would be preferable for the government to induce the participation of the industrial sector by devising a wide variety of incentives because taking part in the emissions trading system before reducing GHG emissions offers large incentives through learning by doing. The timing of GHG reduction commitments and emissions trading system implementation may be uncertain but their Implementation will be unavoidable. Thus the government needs to facilitate preparations for emissions trading of GHG in the future and continuously review its operation in integration with the air pollutant emissions trading system to maximize adaptation and teaming by doing effect in the industrial sector.
Kim, Min-Kyeong;Jung, Goo-Bok;Kim, Min-Young;Kim, Myung-Hyun;Cho, Kwang-Jin;Choi, Soon-Kun;Hong, Seong-Chang;So, Kyu-Ho
Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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v.33
no.2
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pp.144-147
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2014
BACKGROUND: It is essential to prioritize the exact and clear understanding of agricultural nonpoint source pollution (NPS) controls. The realistic policies and systems should also be developed based on this understanding. Therefore, this study aimed to present agricultural Best Management Practices (BMPs) applicable for the fields based on the Delphi survey result. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study deduced the evaluation items to assess each BMP for agricultural NPS control and conducted the surveying using the Delphi method based on agricultural BMP experts. In addition, its on-the-spot application were evaluated. Considering its importance, technical, social and economic proprieties showed that political support was ranked first and followed by cost investment, labor investment, reduction effect and resident participation. The survey findings by agricultural BMP experts showed the good performance of on-the-spot application can be achieved from fertilization by soil testing, residue and green manure application and contour plowing which are applicable within a field. Agricultural BMPs, highly applicable for the fields, were the countermeasures that farmers who are the principal bodies of agricultural NPS control could be participated directly. CONCLUSION: The active participation of farmers is essential for effective control of agricultural NPS. It is necessary to establish various incentive systems.
International conference on construction engineering and project management
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2013.01a
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pp.338-343
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2013
Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) as a delivery method fully capitalizes on an integrated project team that takes advantage of the knowledge of all team members to maximize project outcomes. IPD is currently the highest form of collaboration available because all three core project stakeholders, owner, designer and contractor, are aligned to the same purpose. Compared with traditional project delivery approaches such as Design-Bid-Build (DBB), Design-Build (DB), and CM at-Risk, IPD is distinguished in that it eliminates the adversarial nature of the business by encouraging transparency, open communication, honesty and collaboration among all project stakeholders. The team appropriately shares the project risk and reward. Sharing reward is easy, while it is hard to fairly share a failure. So the compensation structure and the contingency in IPD are very different from those in traditional delivery methods and they are expected to encourage motivation, inspiration and creativity of all project stakeholders to achieve project success. This paper investigates the compensation structure in IPD and provides a method to determine the proper level of contingency allocation to reduce the risk of cost overrun. It also proposes a method in which contingency could be used as a functional monetary incentive when established to produce the desired level of collaboration in IPD. Based on the compensation structure scenario discovered, a probabilistic contingency calculation model was created by evaluating the random nature of changes and various risk drivers. The model can be used by the IPD team to forecast the probability of the cost overrun and equip the IPD team with confidence to really enjoy the benefits of collaborative team work.
Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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v.17
no.1
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pp.53-60
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2011
In this study, the priority was assessed and the compensation relationships were analyzed with regard to the issue of port development with conflicts among decision makers. First, the assessment factors were selected by the relevant literatures on port development, and fuzzy structure modeling was used to select assessment factors via structuralization analysis. Second, the local residents, port users, and local government were chosen as the main port-development related entities, and the analytic hierarchy process was used to calculate the total assessment value. Third, the justice based on majority power rule method was used as an assessment method that would minimize the amount of complaints according to the total assessment results and the alternative selection when a partnership was formed among the assessment entities. Moreover, the compensation issue according to the alternative selection was quantified, and the compensation relationships were analyzed. As a result, it was found that port development in Busan must be the top priority in terms of port development in South Korea, that awareness of environmental issues must be promoted among the port users, and that the local governments must promote environmental incentive policies for Environment-friendly port development.
The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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v.8
no.6
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pp.65-74
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2005
The metropolitan and province offices of education have been enforcing the ICT application competence certification system for teachers(ACCST). But the system have been enforcing during 3years, the ratio of teachers that has been received certification of the system showed very low, and recently the number of applicant has decreased. The purpose of this study is to examine the problems of the system and to propose a method of improvement of the system. We surveyed literatures offering theoretical and empirical insights connected with this issue and derived suggestions for improvement of the system, and designed questionnaire based on the suggestions. Research data gathered from 547 Korean middle and high school teachers using questionnaire. The improvements on the certification system which can be drawn from this study should consider appropriation of incentive for teachers, introduction of certification method on individual subject, introduction of validation interval of certification, and commissioning in an external agency which has reliable the certification.
Purpose - This paper examines the explanatory power of the agency theory in the determination of cash holdings for Korean retail firms. If the agency theory holds, a firm with strong corporate governance structure tends to have low cash holdings. A strong governance structure makes the CEO of this firm to behave in the interests of shareholders and thus the CEO has low incentive to stockpile cash holdings, which can be easily diverted for the CEO's own managerial purposes. We investigate this relationship between corporate governance structure and cash holdings, by using corporate governance scores as a proxy variable that captures the effectiveness of corporate governance mechanism. Research design, data, and methodology - We adopt the sample of publicly listed retail firms in KOSPI market from 2005 to 2013. Financial and accounting statements are gathered from the WISEfn database. We also use the corporate governance scores published by Korean Corporate Governance Service. The relationship between the corporate governance scores and cash holdings is cross-sectionally estimated based on the ordinary least square method. This estimation method is widely accepted in the existing literature. The sample of large conglomerates, Chebol, and the remainder firms are separately examined as well, to account for the distinctive internal financing environment in these large conglomerates. Results - We mainly contribute to the extant literature by providing empirical evidence against the agency theory of cash policy. Unlike the prediction of agency theory, we confirm statistically insignificant or even positive correlations between the set of corporate governance scores and cash-asset ratios. Almost all the major corporate governance attributes including total score, shareholder rights, board structure, and the quality of information disclosure do not show negative correlations with cash holdings, which poses a strong challenge to the validity of the agency theory in the determination of retail firms' cash holdings. Conclusions - This study presents interesting empirical results with respect to the cash policy in Korean retail firms. Consistent to prior studies, I verify that the agency theory only limitedly explains the level of cash holdings. Future studies may obtain more robust results by examining a longer sample period.
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