• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 1995

Three hundred and twenty-seven patients of 2,046 inguinal hernia cases Primarily repaired at Hanyang University Hospital had the history of incarceration or presented as incarcerated inguinal hernia on admission. Incidence of incarceration of all male hernias was 14.2%(234 patients) and 22.7%(93 patients) of all female cases. Incarceration occurred in 17.3% of all right hernia cases and in 13.7% of all left hernia cases. The incarceration occurred 52.6% of the hernia patients in the first month of life, 27.3% in the first year, 26.7% in the second year and 7.8% after 2 years of age. Strangulated inguinal hernia occurred in 8 patients: five patients had ovaries involved, two patients intestines, and one patient omentum. Emergency operations were performed on 66 patients(20.2%) because incarcerated hernia could not be reduced by taxis. At the time of operation, the hernia sacs were empty in 140 of 327 patients and the remainders contained omentum(50), small intestine (44), appendix and/or cecum(28), sigmoid colon(2), ovary and/or tube(66), and omental cyst(1). An elective hernia repair should be performed promptly after presentation of the hernia, especially before 2 years of life because of high incidence of incarceration. In this study, of 327 incarcerated hernia, 187 patients(57.2%) did not have prior history of incarceration and incarceration developed more than 7 days after hernia onset in 95.6%. If the hernia repairs had been performed within 7 days after hernia onset, about half of the incarceration might have been prevented.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.93-100
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• 2021

In this paper, the possibility of a UE (User Equipment) incarceration attack using RRCRejecet and RRCRelease in 5G SNPN (Standalone Non-Public Network) is analyzed based on the 3GPP standard document. First, the cell selection and reselection procedures of the UE are analyzed, and then the processing process of the false base station and the UE before and after transmission of RRCReject and RRCRelease is analyzed. As a result of the analysis, it is possible that the false base station that transmits a strong signal causes the victim UE to establish an RRC connection to the false base station itself. In addition, if the false base station transmits an RRCReject message without integrity protection in response to the victim UE's attempt to establish an RRC connection, it is determined that the victim UE can continue to stay in the RRC connection attempt process. On the other hand, it is determined that it is impossible to incarcerate the victim UE by inducing an attempt to establish an RRC connection to another false base station using RRCRelease.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.126-132
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• 2002

Inguinal hernia is a major surgical disease in pediatric surgery, occurring in 3.5% to 5% of all mature newborns and 9% to 11% of all premature babies. The objective of this study is to analyze the predisposing factors in association with recurrences of inguinal hernias in infants and children. In the period from January 1995 to September 2001, 1,575 infants and children who had primary inguinal hernias or recurrent inguinal hernias operated on at the Department of Pediatric Surgery at Seoul National University Hospital were evaluated retrospectively. We evaluated the data by medical records and by telephone interview. The sex, age, location of hernia, comorbidity, prematurity, incarceration, interval to operation after incarceration, postoperative complications were analyzed as predisposing factors in associated with hernia recurrence. Operative findings of recurrent inguinal hernia were reviewed. The data were statistically analyzed with Pearson Chi-Square test and Fisher-exact test. A total of eighteen (1.14%) out of 1,575 patients underwent an operation due to recurrent inguinal hernia. In 5 (27.8%) out of 18 recurred patients, institution of the primary herniorrhaphy was our hospital and in the other 13 (72.2%) was outside hospital. No impact on the development of recurrences was seen for sex, age, interval to operation after incarceration, and postoperative complications. The significant predisposing factors of recurrent inguinal hernias were left inguinal hernias (p=0.002), comorbidity (p=0.002), prematurity (p=0.006), incarceration (p=0.017) and technical error of first herniorrhaphy. We expect that knowledge for predisposing factors of recurrent inguinal hernias and experienced skill of pediatric surgeons will decrease recurrence rate in primary inguinal hernia.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.292-292
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• 2009

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.65
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• pp.215-241
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• 2021

New models for prison ministry are crucial during the current era of mass incarceration in America-a time when the potential reach of prison ministries can grow as the population of incarcerated individuals grows. In this article, I lift up one prison ministry in New Jersey as an example of how Christian evangelicals who are engaged in traditional prison ministry can bravely open their minds and hearts to models of religious education that go beyond individual conversion toward communal transformation. In this article I present an example of a neo-evangelical group named Jericho Ministries, Inc., a prison ministry that understood this and consequently tried to develop a prison ministry that was not only a charitable endeavor, but also a just one.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.407-412
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• 2017

Background Among the various signs and symptoms of orbital fractures, certain clinical findings warrant immediate surgical exploration, including gaze restriction, computed tomographic (CT) evidence of entrapment, and prolonged oculocardiac reflex. Despite proper surgical reconstruction, prolonged complications such as diplopia and gaze restriction can occur. This article evaluated the prognostic factors associated with prolonged complications of orbital fractures with muscle incarceration. Methods The medical records of 37 patients (37 orbits) with an orbital fracture with muscle incarceration from January 2001 to January 2015 were reviewed. The presence of Incarcerated muscle was confirmed via CT, as well as by intraoperative findings. Various factors potentially contributing to complications lasting for over 1 year after the injury were categorized and analyzed, including age, cause of injury, injury-to-operation time, operative time, fracture type, nausea, vomiting and other concomitant symptoms and injuries. Results All patients who presented with extraocular muscle limitations, positive CT findings, and/or a positive forced duction test underwent surgery. Of the 37 patients, 9 (24%) exhibited lasting complications, such as diplopia and gaze restriction. The mean follow-up period was 18.4 months (range, 1-108 months), while that of patients who experienced prolonged complications was 30.1 months (range, 13-36 months). Two factors were significantly associated with prolonged complications: injury-to-operation time and nausea/vomiting. Loss of vision, worsening of motility, and implant complication did not occur. Conclusions Patients who present with gaze limitations, with or without other signs of a blow-out fracture, require a thorough evaluation and emergent surgery. A better prognosis is expected with a shorter injury-to-operation time and lack of nausea and vomiting at the initial presentation.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.91-93
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• 2012

Postraumatic lung hernia is a rare occurrence. A number of cases reported in the literature have been treated with early thoracotomy to repair partial protruded lung and pleura to prevent strangulation and incarceration. We present a case of a 45-year-old patient of left posttrumatic lung hernia, in which closed digital reduction was successful. The strategy of the management approach could be established by further accumulated experience.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.129-135
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• 1982

Congenital pericardial defect is a rare anomaly, which was first described by M. Columbus in 1559. Four hundred years later the first clinical diagnosis was reported by Ellis et al. The congenital pericardial defect Is usually asymptomatic and Is found Incidentally at thoracotomy and autopsy, but it appears that partial absence of pericardium Is not Innocuous because of sudden death due to herniation of a portion of heart. We experienced congenital left pericardial defect in 20 year old female who was diagnosed as left ventricular aneurysm before operation. This patient complained of dyspnea on exertion and anterior chest discomfortness. Physical examination revealed Grade II pansystolic murmur on the 3rd and 4th intercostal space left sternal border. There were specific abnormal findings on the chest plain film, EKG, ultrasonography, and left ventriculography. On 9th July 1981, an operation was performed and found the left partial pericardial defect through which a large portion of left ventricle was herniated Into left pleural space. The method of operation was removal of adhesion and widening of the pericardial defect to avoid Incarceration. After operation, we observed marked Improvement of symptoms and disappearance of cardiac murmur.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.455-457
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• 2011

A 70-year-old male visited urgent care due to coughing for 1 month and left chest pain. He had no history of trauma. The initial chest computed tomography (CT) showed the 7th left intercostal lung herniation. A follow-up CT showed an intercostal lung herniation combined with a bowl herniation, which had developed due to a Morgagni's hernia. An emergency operation was performed due to the incarceration of the bowl and lung. The primary repair of the diaphragm was performed and the direct approximation of the 7th intercostal space was determined. We concluded that the defect of the diaphragm and the intercostal muscle was a congenital lesion, and the recurrent coughing was the aggravating factor of herniation.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.148-150
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• 1996

Transmesenteric hernia, a type of internal hernias, is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction. This intraperitoneal hernia has no sac and is formed by protrusion of a loop of bowel through an aperture in the mesentery. Incarceration leads to intestinal obstruction and subsequently, strangulation and gangrene of varing lengths of intestine. This is a case report of 4-year-old girl with transmesenteric herniation of the terminal ileum through a defect in its own mesentery. Strangulation of the affected bowel necessitates resection and primary anastomosis with repair of mesenteric defect. The postoperative course was uneventful. Acute intestinal obstruction in the absence of an external hernia and with no history of a previous surgical procedure suggests the possibility of an internal hernia, especially if the patient has a history of chronic intermittent abdominal distress.