• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.599-607
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• 2021

Inactive region means a region filled with invalid pixel values to represent a specific image. Generally, inactive regions are occurred when the non-rectangular formatted images are converted to the rectangular shaped image, especially when 3D images are represented in 2D format. Because these inactive regions highly degrade the compression efficiency, filtering approaches are often applied to the boundaries between active and inactive regions. However, the image characteristics are not carefully considered during filtering. In the proposed method, inactive regions are padded through reinforcement learning that can consider the compression process and the image characteristics. Experimental results show that the proposed method performs an average of 3.4% better than the conventional padding method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.339-342
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose a new method for inactive region padding using reinforcement learning. Inactive region is an area that has no information, such as 360 or 3DOF+ vidoes. However, these inactive regions degrade the compression performance in general. To improve the compression performance, simple filtering is applied between active and inactive regions. But it does not fully consider the characteristics of the images. In the proposed method, inactive regions are padded through reinforcement learning that can consider the characteristics of images and the compression process. Experimental results show that the performance is better than the conventional padding method.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.107-116
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• 1997

In order to achieve optimal reproductive performance, reliable morphological and physiological basic data on the reproductive organs are desirable. Adult male Korean ring-necked pheasant in inactive(mid of January) and active state (end of April) were used in this study. In addition, five active state pheasants were received a single dose of 60Co-ray 500 rads each to damage the testes. The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution pattern of protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 and ${\alpha}$-tubulin in the pheasant testes of the active, inactive and ${\gamma}$-ray irradiated active states. The results obtained were summarized as follows 1. The seminiferous tubules collected in inactive states( mid of Jan) showed narrow lumen, and the spermatogonia and the Sertoli cell were well preserved. The PGP 9.5 immunoreactivity of these tubules showed a positive reaction in paranucleus area of the spermatogonia, and a positive reaction in a small number of the Leydig cells in the interstitium of the seminiferous tubules. 2. The seminiferous tubules were dilated in active state(end of April) as compared with the inactive state. The PGP 9.5 reactivity in these tubules showed a positive reaction in many Leydig cells in the interstitium of the seminiferous tubules, and the testes of ${\gamma}$-ray irradiated group showed partially weak reaction in the interstitium of the seminiferous tubules. 3. The ${\alpha}$-tubulin reactivity in the seminiferous tubules of the inactive testes was strongly positive in the cytoplasmic process of the Sertoli cell from the basal stem region to the apical ex-tension. From the broad part of the stem region to the luminal space, the active testes showed a strong positive reaction. The ${\gamma}$-ray irradiated groups showed diminished reaction in the basal region.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2021

The Syrian (golden) hamsters are seasonal breeders whose reproductive functions are active in summer and inactive in winter. In experimental facility mimicking winter climate, short photoperiod (SP) induces gonadal regression. The blood-testis barrier (BTB) of the sexually involuted animals have been reported to be permeable, allowing developing germ cells to be engulfed or sloughed off the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules. The expressions of genes related to the tight junction composing of BTB were investigated in the reproductive active and inactive testes. Claudin-11, occludin, and junctional adhesion molecule (JAM) were definitely expressed in the active testes but not discernably detected in the inactive testes. And spermatozoa (sperm) were observed in the whole lengths of epididymides in the active testes. They were witnessed in only cauda region of the epididymides but not in caput and corpus regions in animals with the inactive testes. The results imply that the disorganization of BTB is associated with the testicular regression. The developing germ cells are swallowed into the Sertoli cells or travel into the lumen, as supported by the presence of the sperm delayed in the last region of the epididymis. These outcomes suggest that both apoptosis and desquamation are the processes that eliminate the germ cells during the regressing stage in the Syrian hamsters.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.2179-2183
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• 2016

Nitrilases pose attractive alternatives to the chemical hydrolysis of nitrile compounds. The activity of bacterial nitrilases towards substrate is intimately tied to the formation of large spiral-shaped oligomers. In the nitrilase CynD (cyanide dihydratase) from Bacillus pumilus, mutations in a predicted oligomeric surface region altered its oligomerization and reduced its activity. One mutant, CynD Y70C, retained uniform oligomer formation however it was inactive, unlike all other inactive mutants throughout that region all of which significantly perturbed oligomer formation. It was hypothesized that Y70 is playing an additional role necessary for CynD activity beyond influencing oligomerization. Here, we performed saturation mutagenesis at residue 70 and demonstrated that only tyrosine or phenylalanine is permissible for CynD activity. Furthermore, we show that other residues at this position are not only inactive, but have altered or disrupted oligomer conformations. These results suggest that Y70's essential role in activity is independent of its role in the formation of the spiral oligomer.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.277-285
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• 2010

For regional earthquakes in the Korean Peninsula, the seismic Lg waves have the largest amplitude. Our researches in South Korea found that more reasonable low ${Q_{Lg}}^{-1}$ was obtained as the inter-station distances increase. The other methods such as coda normalization method and multiple lapse time window method also produced that the low ${Q_{Lg}}^{-1}$ is related to the values of seismically inactive region.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.35-38
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• 2003

Simultaneous measurement of velocity and concentration fields in a stirred mixer flow using a combined Stereo-PIV/Planar-LIF technique is carried out. Instantaneous velocity fields and concentration fields represent the local flow characteristics. A baffle is perpendicularly attached to the Wall to remove inactive region which shows very slow dispersion. It is found that the baffle produces tip vortex and breaking the divided streamline, so that mixing efficiency could be increases significantly.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.349-355
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• 2015

EphA7 has been implicated in the regulation of apoptotic cell death in neural epithelial cells. In this report, we provide evidence that EphA7 interacts with caspase-8 to induce apoptotic cell signaling. First, a pull-down assay using biotinylated ephrinA5-Fc showed that EphA7 co-precipitated with wild type caspase-8 or catalytically inactive caspase-8 mutant. Second, co-transfection of EphA7 with caspase-8 significantly increased the number of cleaved caspase-3 positive apoptotic cells under an experimental condition where transfection of EphA7 or caspase-8 alone did not affect cell viability or apoptosis. EphA4 also had a causative role in inducing apoptotic cell death with caspase-8, whereas EphA8 did not. Third, caspase-8 catalytic activity was essential for the apoptotic signaling cascade, whereas tyrosine kinase activity of the EphA4 receptor was not. Interestingly, we found that kinase-inactive EphA4 was well co-localized at the plasma membrane with catalytically inactive caspase-8, suggesting that an interaction between these mutant proteins was more stable. Finally, we observed that the extracellular region of the EphA7 receptor was critical for interacting with caspase-8, whereas the cytoplasmic region of EphA7 was not. Therefore, we propose that Eph receptors physically associate with a transmembrane protein to form an apoptotic signaling complex and that this unidentified receptor-like protein acts as a biochemical linker between the Eph receptor and caspase-8.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.237-245
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• 2015

A strategy is needed for a regional survey of geosynchronous orbits (GSOs) to monitor known space objects and detect uncataloged space objects. On the basis of the Inter-Agency Debris Committee's recommendation regarding the protected region of geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO), target satellites with perigee and apogee of $GEO{\pm}200km$ and various inclinations are selected for analysis. The status of the GSO region was analyzed using the satellite distribution based on the orbital characteristics in publicly available two-line element data. Natural perturbation effects cause inactive satellites to drift to two stable longitudinal points. Active satellites usually maintain the designed positions as a result of regular or irregular maneuver operations against their natural drift. To analyze the detection rate of a single optical telescope, 152 out of 412 active satellites and 135 out of 288 inactive satellites in the GSO region were selected on the basis of their visibility at the observation site in Daejeon, Korea. By using various vertical view ranges and various numbers of observations of the GSO region, the detection efficiencies were analyzed for a single night, and the numbers of follow-up observations were determined. The orbital estimation accuracies were also checked using the arc length and number of observed data points to maintain the GSO satellite catalog.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.18 no.2 s.131
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• pp.103-108
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• 1980

The occurrence of odontogenic epithelium in the well of a dentigerous cyst is a well known entity. This epithelium usually remains inactive and does not have clinical significance. However, these small inactive islands of epithelium may be stimulated, resulting in an ameloblastoma. Therefore correct diagnosis and proper treatment are very important. A 15 year-old boy came to the outpatient clinic on August 13, 1979. The Chief complaint was pain, difficulty in mouth opening and swelling of the right mandible of 1 month's durations. With the X-ray filming, it was revealed that dentigerous cyst had been originated from the third molar, occurred in posterior region of the right mandible involving the 1st and the and molar and the portion just beneath the sigmoid notch area. Pus discharged from the gingival sulcus distal to the 2nd molar and it was sure that the cyst had been infected. Enucleation performed with careful excision of all cyst wall was successfully carried out, and recovery and heading were rapid and uncomplicated.