• Health Policy and Management
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.315-323
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• 2017

Background: This study was purposed to analyze the effect of spatial accessibility to the psychiatry department in general hospital on the outpatient visit of mental patients. Methods: Data was provided from the Statistics Korea and Statistical Geographic Information Service, National Health Insurance Service, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, and Korea Transport Institute in 2015. The study regions were 103 administrative regions such as Si and Gu. The 103 regions had at least one general hospitals with a psychiatry department. The number of outpatient visit of mental patients in regions was used as the dependent variable. Spatial accessibility to mental general hospital was used as the independent variable. Control variables included such as demographic, economic, and health medical factors. This study used network analysis and multi-variate regression analysis. Network analysis by ArcGIS ver. 10.0 (ESRI, Redlands, CA, USA) was used to evaluate the average travel time and travel distance in Korea. Multi-variate regression analysis was conducted by SAS ver. 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Results: Travel distance and time had significant effects on the number of outpatient visits in mental patients in general hospital. Average travel time and travel distance had negative effects on the number of visits. Variables such as (number of total population, percentage of aged population over 65, and number of mental general hospital) had significant effects on the number of visit in mental patients. Conclusion: Health policy makers will need to consider the spatial accessibility to the mental healthcare organization in conducting regional health planning.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.43-49
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• 2004

This study investigated the effect of listening to music on the reduction of public speech anxiety among middle-school female students. The subjects were 66 female first graders, 33 of the experimental and another 33 of the control group selected from two classes of C middle school in Chonan city. The level of anxiety (SAS) was rated by the subjects through self-report and the speech behavior (SBES) of the subjects were evaluated by a teacher before, a week after and two weeks after the speech trials. 64 pieces of music were selected based on the music therapy-related references. After 23 out of 64 pieces were selected for the preliminary experiment and 7 pieces as having positive effects through evaluating those 23 pieces in the other class in the same gaders were finally selected. Subjects listened to music for 40 min two times a day for two weeks with a cassette player in the classroom. The result yielded the followings: 1) Self-reported public speech anxiety decreased both in the experimental and control groups. However, there found more decrease in the music-listening group than in the non-listening music group. 2) The public speech behavior improved both in the experimental and control groups with on difference between the two groups. This suggests a possibility that SBES may not be a accurate measure to evaluate the speech anxiety. We conclude that two-week listening to music has the effect reduction on speech anxiety.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.815-825
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• 2019

Objective: To effectively use corn stover resources as animal feed, the changes in microbial population and chemical composition of corn stover during field exposure, and their silage fermentation and in vitro digestibility were studied. Methods: Corn cultivars (Jintian, Jinnuo, and Xianyu) stovers from 4 random sections of the field were harvested at the preliminary dough stage of maturity on September 2, 2015. The corn stover exposed in the field for 0, 7, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 180 d, and their silages at 60 d of ensiling were used for the analysis of microbial population, chemical composition, fermentation quality, and in vitro digestibility. Data were analyzed with a completely randomized $3{\times}6$ [corn stover cultivar $(C){\times}exposure$ d (D)] factorial treatment design. Analysis of variance was performed using SAS ver. 9.0 software (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Results: Aerobic bacteria were dominant population in fresh corn stover. After ensiling, the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) became the dominant bacteria, while other microbes decreased or dropped below the detection level. The crude protein (CP) and water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) for fresh stover were 6.74% to 9.51% and 11.75% to 13.21% on a dry matter basis, respectively. After exposure, the CP and WSC contents decreased greatly. Fresh stover had a relatively low dry matter while high WSC content and LAB counts, producing silage of good quality, but the dry stover did not. Silage fermentation inhibited nutrient loss and improved the fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility. Conclusion: The results confirm that fresh corn stover has good ensiling characteristics and that it can produce silage of good quality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.148-152
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• 2013

An ultraviolet (UV) sterilization system was developed to decrease the number of microorganisms in filtered Acer mono sap (FAS). The Acer mono sap (AS) was passed through 18 strips of PTA fluoroplastic tubing with 30 UV lamps (total 1,170 W). During passage, the AS was effectively exposed to the UV rays. The total bacteria, coliform group and fungi were sterilized at a flow rate ranging from 852 to 1,358 mL/min and a UV power higher than 156 W. Although the sensory score of the UV-sterilized AS was significantly lower than that of the untreated AS, the sensory score was better under the condition of 390 W and 852~1,358 mL/min than under the other conditions examined. ANOVA did not reveal a significant difference in pH, total acidity, sugar content and color characteristic under all conditions tested (p<0.05). Considering the overall attributes of the AS quality, the optimum sterilization condition was determined to be 390 W and 852~1,358 mL/min.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.958-964
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• 2008

In this work, micro-sized dextran particles, which have recently been focused as one of the candidate materials for the Drug Delivery System(DDS), were prepared by means of the Supercritical Antisolvent (SAS) process with $CO_2$. With dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) as the solvent, effects of the operating variables such as temperature (308.15~323.15 K), pressure(90~130 bar), solute concentration(10~20 mg/ml), and the molecular weight of the solute(Mw=37,500, 450,000) on the size and morphology of the resulting particles were thoroughly observed. The higher solute concentration led to the larger particles, however, the injection velocity of the solution and pressure did not show significant effects on the resulting particle size. With dextran of the lower molecular weight, the smallest particles were obtained at 313.15 K. On the other hand, the size of the particles from the high molecular weight dextran ranged between $0.1{\sim}0.5{\mu}m$ with an incremental effect of the temperature and pressure. For the solute concentration of 5 mg/ml, the lower molecular weight dextran did not form discrete particles while aggregation of the particles appeared when the solute concentration exceeded 15 mg/ml for the higher molecular weight dextran. It is believed that if the solute concentration is too low, the degree of the supersaturation in the recrystallization chamber would not be sufficient for initiation of the nucleation and growth mechanism. Instead, the spinodal decomposition mechanism leads to formation of the island-like phase separation which appears similar to aggregation of the discrete particles. This effect would be more pronounced for the smaller molecular weight polymer system due to the narrower phase-splitting region.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.128-137
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• 2018

Background: This study aims to utilize Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) data to identify macroscopic determinants of health at national level and to utilize it in health policy development through comparison and analysis with Korea. Methods: The potential years of life lost (PYLL) were used as dependent variables and 19 indicators were selected as health determinants to be independent variables based on the results of previous studies. Data analysis was done using SAS ver. 9.4 package (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) and model used in technical statistics concerning PYLL by countries, multi-linearity test between independent variables and OECD economic studies were modified and used. Results: From 1994 to 2012, the average PYLL for OECD countries was 4,262.9 years, the highest in Estonia and the lowest in Iceland. As a result of the analysis using the fixed effect model, the significant variables affecting PYLL were four variables: gross domestic product, nitric oxide, tobacco consumption, and number of doctors. The health determinants that had more influence on the PYLL of Korean people compared to other OECD countries were tobacco consumption, calorie consumption, fat intake and total health expenditure. Conclusion: In order to effectively reduce unnecessary deaths, we must continue to strengthen our smoking policy and nutrition policies such as calorie and fat intake. It is necessary to prevent the increase of total health expenditure due to the increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases and to strengthen the public health aspect.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.131-135
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• 2002

Acetobacter xylinum KJ1 efficiently producing bacterial cellulose(BC) in shaking culture was isolated from a rotten grape. The strain was used to investigate optimum operating conditions for increasing BC production and factorial design model was employed for the optimization. The results of experiments were statistically analyzed by SAS program. Reciprocal effects of each factors(carbon source concentration, shaking speeds(rpm), oxygen pressure, and CSL concentration) and culture condition of BC production were examined by getting regression equation of the dependent variable. Comparisons between experimental results and predicted results about BC concentration were done in total 24 experiments by combination of each factors using SAS program, and the correlation coefficients of BC concentration and BC yield were 0.91 and 0.81, respectively. The agitated cultures were performed in various operation conditions of factors which affected considerably to BC production in jar fermentor. The results showed that BC concentration was 11.67g/ L in 80 hours cultivation under the condition of carbon source concentration shaking speeds(rpm) : oxygen pressure: CSL concentration = 4% : 460rpm : 0.28 : 6%. On the other hand BC yield was 0.42g/g in 80 hours cultivation under the condition of carbon source concentration shaking speeds(rpm) : oxygen pressure: CSL concentration = 4% : 564rpm : 0.21 : 2%. The BC production could be enhanced up to more than 65.3% by factorial design. The result of a verifying experiment under the optimal conditions determined by the factorial design to the BC production showed that the model was appropriate by obtaining BC concentration of 11.02g/L in the optimum condition

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.125-133
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• 2016

In order to obtain high-resolution seafloor images, research on SA (Synthetic Aperture) processing and the development of related underwater systems have been performed in many countries. Recently the SA processing is also recognized as an important technique in Korea and researchers started related basic study. However, most previous studies ignored the Doppler effect by a moving receiver array. In this paper reconstructed SAS (Synthetic Aperture Sonar) images and position errors are analyzed according to the speed of a moving array for understanding its moving effect on the SAS images. In the analysis the spatial frequency domain interpolation algorithm is used. The results show that as the moving speed of the array increases the estimated position error also increases and image distortion gets worse when we do not consider the array motion. However, if the compensated receiver signals considering the array motion are used the position error and image distortion can be eliminated. In conclusion a signal processing scheme which compensates the Doppler effect is necessary especially in the condition where the array speed is over 1 m/s.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.41-60
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• 1994

The objective of this paper is to verify clinical effects of Lyu's Soyosan(柳氏逍遙散) and Lyu's Kwipithang(柳氏歸脾湯). They were prescribed to the enperimental student group suffering from mental stress and annoyed by psychological instability. From the biochemical examination before and after medication, we measure the amount of hormonal variation in thyroid hormone(TSH, $T_4$) and adrenocortical hormone(ACTH, cortisol) The results are as follows. 1. The average of self-rating anxiety scale(SAS) in test group is $41.00\;{\pm}\;7.84$. This value is statistical significant and higher than one of normal person(age 20-39). The average of a global assesment of recent stress(GARS) scale is $28.62\;{\pm}9.00$. There is statistical correlation coefficient between SAS and GARS (p < 0.001). 2. Both Lyu's Soyosan(柳氏逍遙散) and Lyu.s Kwipithang (柳氏歸脾湯) groups show statistically significant reduction of total cholesterol and triglyceride level in serum lipid after ten day medication. 3. It is observed that Lyu's Soyisan(柳氏逍遙散) and Luy's Kwipithang (柳氏歸脾湯) groups have increasing tendency of TSH. The statistically significant reduction of $T_4$ was found in two groups after ten day medicaton. 4. It is observed that Lyu's Soyosan(柳氏逍遙散) and Lyu's kwipithang (柳氏歸脾湯) group have statistically significant reduction of serum cortisol level after ten day medication, Both groups have statistically significant reduction of plasma ACTH level after twenty day medication. From these results, it is verified that both Lyu's Soyosan(柳氏逍遙散) and Lyu's Kwipithang (柳氏歸脾湯) have anti-stress effects against psychological instability and mental stress. The Lyu's Soyosn(柳氏逍遙散) shows special effectiveness in depression of liver-energy(肝氣鬱結) and the Lyu's Kwipitang (柳氏歸脾湯) is also effective in deficiency heart-blood(心血不足).

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.131-145
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• 2005

This study intends to analyze didactically on triangle-determining conditions and triangle-congruence conditions. The result of this study revealed the followings: Firstly, many pre-service mathematics teachers and secondary school students have insufficient understanding or misunderstanding on triangle-determining conditions and triangle-congruence conditions. Secondly, the term segment instead of edge may show well the concern of triangle-determining conditions. Thirdly, when students learn the method of finding six elements of triangle using the law of sines and cosines in high school, they should be given the opportunity to reflect the relation and the difference between triangle-determining situation and the situation of finding six elements of triangle. Fourthly, accepting some conditions like SSA-obtuse as a triangle-determining condition or not is not just a logical problem. It depends on the specific contexts investigating triangle-determining conditions. Fifthly, textbooks and classroom teaching need to guide students to discover triangle-deter-mining conditions in the process of inquiry from SSS, SSA, SAS, SAA, ASS, ASA, AAS, AAA to SSS, SAS, ASA, SAA. Sixthly, it is necessary to have students know the significance of 'correspondence' in congruence conditions. Finally, there are some problems of using the term 'correspondent' in describing triangle-congruence conditions.