• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.51-62
• /
• 1979

Due to the relatively high number of members and low income in each family, Wido inhabitants take very low nutrition. The result indicates that nutrition at the present time is generally lower than that of 1973 with the exception of fat. Consequently, the degree of body development of primary and junior high school students has not generally reached the standard in Korea, that was collected from Gyeongido, Korea and from Japan, of the corresponding grade students as well as the Hb content is significantly insufficient. As the body development of 12-year-old children grown at home and nursery, and attending the sports school are compared with that of the Korean standard and Wido students, the body development of Wido students is similar to the Korean standard, and slighly better than that of the sports school students by three years. Health is important as said that health power is nation's power. In order to maintain good health, the normal level of body development and Hb content is necessary for which the recommended daily nutrition for each person should be taken. In addition, the present status and importance of body development and nutrition should be fully educated the primary and junior high school students as well as directly to the inhabitants.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.255-260
• /
• 2005

For selecting a new candidate as functional material, this study was conducted on in vitro antioxidant activity and total phenol content of methanol and water extracts prepared from two Mentha species (M viridis L. (M spicata L.) and Mentha piperita L, Extracts of M. viridis showed more efficient scavenging activity on superoxide and DPPH ${({\alpha},{\alpha}-diphenyl-{\beta}-picrylhydrazyl)}$ radical and inhibitory activity on oxidation of human low density lipoprotein (LDL) induced by $CuSO_4$ and auto-oxidation of linoleic acid than those of M piprita. Methanol extract $(65.88%{\sim}77.59%)$ and water extract $(37.69%{\sim}87.21%)$ of M. viridis also exhibited more potent inhibitory activity on LDL oxidation than that of ${{\alpha}-tocopherol\;(28.37%{\sim}66.54%)}$ at ${1{\sim}100\;{\mu}g/ml}$ of final concentration. The total phenol contents of methanol extract and water extract of Mviridis (17.95% & 10.18%, respectively) as tannic acid equivalent were higher than those of M piperita (15.44% & 9.19%). But the yields of methanol and water extracts of M. viridis (13.3 % & 13.5%) were lower than those of M. piperita (14.1 % & 14.6%). The results implies that the extracts from M. viridis (spicata) is more useful material for industrialization as functional food than those from M. piperita.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.38 no.5
• /
• pp.113-121
• /
• 2010

Shumi-sen(須彌山), built by Nohjagong(路子工) in the southern garden of the Palace Garden during the Asuka Period, is understood as being Sumeru based on an Indian perspective of the theory of the origin of universe. It is also viewed as Mt. Myogoh from a Chinese Buddhist worldview. It is thought to be a type of assembled stone structure with Poong-ryoon (風輪)-Su-ryoon(水輪)-Geum-ryoon(金輪)-Ji-ryoon(地輪) carved into each of the 4 stone pieces. These building shapes are thought to have been utilized as stone for exterior construction as opposed to those structures built during the Shilla Period of China and Korea. Aside from Nohjagong's record of Shumi-sen, most of the records from Japan's period of the time suggest that Shumi-sen was an important element that played a role in the scenery of the seasonal outdoor gardens. It is also thought, from the sentences and expressions surrounding the records, that a combination of the seasonal sceneries was utilized centered on Shumi-sen, and that they were all used during festival events. From a perspective of analysis and interpretation dependent on the limited literature and on observation, it cannot be verified whether the Mt. Sumeru Stone(須彌山石) excavated from the Stone God Ruins is the same Shumi-sen that Nohjagong built along with Okyo(吳橋), but it is thought that the 'Shumi-sen type stone structure' that was later built repeatedly as part of the palace garden facilities is identical to the Shumi-sen built at the Imperial Palace's southern garden, or at least a re-built structure based on the Shumi-sen that Nohjagong built with stones and ponds used to create the foundation. Thus, Shumi-sen that Nohjagong supposedly built along with Okyo is suspected to be a figurative rock arrangement and, at the same time, a miniaturized scenic rock arrangement(縮景樹石) that maximized the shape of Buddhism's Shumi-sen. On the other hand, the surface pattern on Mt. Sumeru Stone is very similar to the multi -layers of mountainous pattern icons expressed in the patterns of the Great Golden Incense Burner(百濟金銅大香爐) or Mountain-Water Scenery Sculptural Brick(山水山景紋?) that were built during the Baekjae pcriod aod the rear side of Hwalsuk-jebul Basal Byungipsang(滑石諸佛菩薩竝立像); it is suspected that similar patterns would have been used if patterns were made on Shumi-sen that Nohjagong built. Also in consideration of the physical theory of MI. Sumeru Stone, the Siphon theory of using a pressure difference in water level was applied to the fountain facilities of Mt. Sumeru Stone that seemed to have been built from the practical rock arrangement perspective for the purpose of feasts, etc.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.334-340
• /
• 2014

Toxin-producing Bacillus cereus is the causative agent of two different types of food poisoning: the emetic and the diarrheal types. This study was conducted to investigate the presence of enterotoxin and emetic toxin genes in 263 B. cereus isolated from 619 different ready-to-eat food items. Hemolytic enterotoxins hblA, hblC, and hblD were detected in 85.6, 41.1, and 76.8%, respectively, of the B. cereus isolates. About 67.0% (175/263) of the isolates presented all of three genes. Non-hemolytic enterotoxins nheA, nheB, and nheC were detected in 100, 97.0, and 68.4% of the isolates, respectively. Approximately 90.0% (236/263) of the isolates presented all of these three non-hemolytic enterotoxin genes. Emetic toxin gene, CER, was detected in 132 of 263 (50.2%) isolates. Computer-assisted cluster analysis of Rep-PCR profiles showed a high genetic diversity among the isolates. All B. cereus isolates from food samples tested in this study carried at least 6 of 10 toxin genes.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.126-141
• /
• 2021

Fauna of freshwater fish and community structure were investigated at 13 sites in the Deogyusan National Park, Korea from 2014 to 2018. During the period, a total of 8 families, 21 species, and 8,716 individuals of fishes were collected. The number of fish collected over the past five years from 2014 to 2018, were 17 species and 2,280 individuals, 17 species and 1,579 individuals, 17 species 1,905 individuals, 17 species and 1,384 individuals, and 15 species and 1,568 individuals, respectively. There were 13 Korean endemic species including Iksookimia koreensis and Coreoleuciscus splendidus, etc. Only in Wondangcheon Stream, two endangered species were identified, and Hemibarbus mylodon was collected continuously except in 2015, and Pseudopungtungia nigra was observed every year. And two exotic species such as Oncorhynchus masou masou and Oncorhynchus mykiss occurred in Gucheongdongcheon Stream sites. The dominant species was Rhynchocypris oxycephalus and the sub-dominant species was Zacco koreanus and there was no difference by year. The fish community structure of Deogyusan National Park was varied depending on the sites and the year. Most of the survey sites located upper stream where the river structure is Aa river type showed poor community analysis results. On the other hand, the upper-mid stream sites including the Bb type showed better results. As a result, the Wondangcheon Stream sites had the most diverse and stable community structure. Similarity dendrogram was divided into 4 groups, mainly reflecting the characteristics of the habitat. The flagship species of the Deogyusan National Park, Rhynchocypris kumgangensis, was constantly observed during the investigation period. Compared to the previous survey, the number of species increased from 2004 (12 species) and decreased from 2009 (22 species).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.195-202
• /
• 1981

The return of water to the atmosphere from water, soil and vegetation surface is one of the most important aspects of hydrological cycle, and the seasonal trend of variation of river basin evaporation is also meaningful in the longterm runoff analysis for the irrigation and water resources planning. This paper has been prepared to show some imformation to estimate the monthly river basin evaporation from pan evaporation, potential evaporation, regional evaporation and temperature through the comparison with river basin evaporation derived from water budget method. The analysis has been carried out with the observation data of Yongdam station in the Geum river basin for five year. The results are summarized as follows and these would be applied to the estimation of river basin evaporation and longterm runoff in ungaged station. 1. The ratio of pan evaporation to river basin evaporation ($E_w/E_{pan}$) shows the most- significant relation at the viewpoint of seasonal trend of variation. River basin evaporation could be estimated from the pan evaporation through either Fig. 9 or Table-7. 2. Local coefficients of cloudness effect and wind function has been determined to apply the Penman's mass and energy transfer equation to the estimation of river basin evaporation. $R_c=R_a(0.13+0.52n/D)$ $E=0.35(e_s-e)(1.8+1.0U)$ 3. It seems that Regional evaporation concept $E_R=(1-a)R_C-E_p$ has kept functional errors due to the inapplicable assumptions. But it is desirable that this kind of function which contains the results of complex physical, chemical and biological processes of river basin evaporation should be developed. 4. Monthly river basin evaporation could be approximately estimated from the monthly average temperature through either the equation of $E_w=1.44{\times}1.08^T$ or Fig. 12 in the stations with poor climatological observation data.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.547-553
• /
• 2007

The physicochemical and functional properties of tofu prepared with kanghwang(Curcuma aromatica Salab.) were investigated, in order to study the effects of six different commercial coagulants. The coagulant concentrations were determined as 0.3% GDL, 0.3% $MgCl_2$, 1.0% $CaCl_2$, 1.5% $CaSO_4$, 0.45% mixed coagulant, and 1.5% Milky-Mg by pre-experiments. Also, the optimum concentration for the added kanghwang(Curcuma aromatica Salab.) was chosen as 0.01%. The yields of the kanghwang tofu prepared with Milky-Mg, mixed, and GDL coagulants were higher than those prepared with $MgCl_2$, $CaCl_2$, and $CaSO_4$. The pH of the kanghwang tofu prepared with the $MgCl_2$ coagulant was higher than when made with the other coagulants. The turbidity of the kanghwang tofu was highest when it was coagulated with GDL, and moisture content was highest or the of kanghwang tofu coagulated with $CaCl_2$. In the color analysis of the kanghwang tofu, the $L^{***}$ value was highest with the Milky-Mg coagulant, while the $a^{***}$ value was highest and the b value lowest with the GDL coagulant. For the textural properties, the hardness results were in the order of $CaSO_4$ > $CaCl_2$ > $MgCl_2$ > mixed > GDL > Milky-Mg, springiness, gumminess, and brittleness were highest in the tofu coagulated with Milky-Mg. For the overall acceptability of the sensory properties, the Kanghwang tofu that was made using the mixed coagulant had the highest score.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.287-300
• /
• 2005

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in head and neck show a variability in the response to chemotherapy, even when it present with similar histological tumor type, grade, and clinical stage. The purpose of present study it to identify predictive bio-marker for the sensitivity or resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic agents, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and Cisplatin Oral cancer cell lines were used in present study. MTT assay was performed to evaluate the sensitivity and/or resistance to 5-FU and Cisplatin. And RT-PCR was carried out for evaluation of the mRNA expressions of various genes associated with mutation, inflammation (COX pathway), cell cycle, senescence and extracellular matrix (ECM). The molecules which are correlated with the sensitivity to 5-FU are XPA, XPC, OGG, APEX, COX-2, PPAR, Cyclin E, Cyclin B1, CDC2, hTERT, hTR, TIMP-3, TIMP-4 and HSP47. And the molecules are correlated with the sensitivity to Cisplatin are COX-1, iNOS, eNOS, PCNA, collagen 1 and MMP-9. Taken together, when choosing the appropriate chemotherpeutic agents for patients, considering the molecules which are correlated or reversely correlated is helpful to choose the resonable agents for cancer patients.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.139-144
• /
• 1996

This research was carried out to clarify effects of cultural condition on the content of Alisol B-monoacetate, whose function is antihypercolesterol in blood, and yield in Alisma Rhizomes. When the corm part of Alisma Rhizomes was extracted by shaking extraction at $25^{\circ}C$ and reflux extraction at $40^{\circ}C$ to $100^{\circ}C$ four times, the total content of Alisol B-monoacetate was 0. 402%, 0. 425% and 0. 402% at $25^{\circ}C$, $40^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$ respectively. The recovery rate was 97% by three times extraction at $25^{\circ}C$, and 96% and 97% by three times extraction at $40^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$ respectively. When the corm was harvested on Oct. 30, the content of Alisol B-monoacetate was 0. 46% but it was increased to 0. 71% on Nov. 30. In the case of Oct. 30, the corms of $S(4{\sim}14g\; FW)$ size were determined to contain the highest level of Alisol B-monoacetate (0. 53%), and the content was decreased as the corn size was increased. This tendency was also adopted on Nov. 30. On the other hand, the content of crude protein and starch was changed rarely by the period of harvest. When the planting depth was $0{\sim}1cm$, the yield was the highest as 206kg/10a, and the yield was decreased as the planting depth was deep. The variation of the content of Alisol B-monoacetate was small as 0. 33% to 0. 39% by planting depth. From the above results it could be concluded that the optimum time for harvest of Alisma Rhizomes is Nov. 30 and the optimum planting depth is $0{\sim}1cm$.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.163-172
• /
• 2007

In this study, fish fauna and stream characteristics were surveyed during October-November 2003 in 31 small streams, which are small sub-tributaries of Geum River. The small streams were classified into 4 types of steep mountainous (SM), mountainous-flatland (MF), flat land (FL), and agricultural watercourse (AW) streams, and their types were categorized by features of stream width, water depth, bottom substrate, riparian vegetation, and landuse patterns. The fishes collected during this survey were identified 4 families and 8 species. Dominant family was Cyprinidae, and the most dominant species was Rhynchocypris oxycephalus with 73% (419 individuals) of the total. Only one species of R. oxycephalus was observed in the all five steep mountainous streams, which was surrounded by 100% forest area and had no point-and non-point pollution sources. The observed frequency of R. oxycephalus (as a relative proportion of species) showed a significant positive correlation (r=0.754, p<0.001, n=31) with the substrate composition of bedrock and boulder, indicating that the species prefer the bedrock and boulder rather than the sand or small pebble. Evidently, all five steep mountainous streams were judged as excellent condition (1st rank) according to the criteria of biological water quality, the Ministry of Environment, Korea. This result was accord with a general tendency of the species in most upper stream of the Koreas streams. One family and one species were found at the steep mountainous types and 4 families 6 species were at the mountainous-flatland. Four families 8 species were found at the flat land, which showed most diverse habitat, and 2 families 2 species were collected agricultural watercourse. These study results of 1st-order streams suggest that R. oxycephalus was considered as one of 1st rank ecological indicator species, and that the dominant area should be protected from various pollutions and disturbances.