• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.8D no.1
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• pp.32-43
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• 2001

Due to the limitation of data modeling power and the view update ambiguity, relational view is limitedly used for engineering applications. On the contrary, object-oriented database view would playa vital role in defining custom interface for engineering applications because the above two limitations of the relational view are overcome by the object-oriented view. Above all, engineering application data interface should fully support updates. More specifically, updates against the data interface needs to be unambiguously defined and its semantic behavior should be equal to base schema updates'. For this purpose, we define the notion of update semantic preserving which means that view updates displays the same semantics as base schema. Besides, in order to show the feasibility of this characteristics, specific and concrete algorithms for update preserving updates are presented for a CAD specialized object-oriented database view - MultiView. This paper finds that in order that virtual classes coudld form a schema with 'isa' relationships rather than just a group of classes, the update semantics on the virtual classes should be defined such that the implied meaning of 'isa' relationships between classes are not to be violated. Besides, as its sufficiency conditions, we derived the update semantics and schema constituable conditions of the virtual classes that make view schemas look like base schemas. To my best knowledge, this is the first research that presents the sufficiency conditions by which we could defined object-oriented views as integrated schemas rather than as separate classes.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.702-707
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• 2014

Corneal endothelium is mono-inner cell layer of cornea and lay on Descmet's membrane which comprised of various proteins called extracellular matrix such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, and proteoglycan, etc. In this study, we fabricated transparent poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) film because PLGA is widely used for tissue engineering based on their properties. We investigated the behaviors of rabbit corneal endothelial cells (rCEnCs) on PLGA film surfaces coated with various cell-adhesive molecules like fibronectin, laminin, collagen type I and IV and FNC coating mix. The morphologic images, proliferation and adhesion assay, immunofluorescence for ZO-1 and $Na^+/K^+-ATPase$ and RT-PCR for expression of specific markers were conducted. These results showed that PLGA film plays a role as CEnC carriers in vitro and the cell-adhesive molecules give positive effects on the behaviors of rCEnC.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.21-41
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• 2022

The purpose of this research was to develop and verify applicability of a musical play program aimed at promoting interaction between immigrant preschoolers and Korean preschoolers. A daycare center serving the preschool-age children of Korean nationals and immigrant families were the site for this research. Utilizing the elements of a musical play (e.g., role playing, narration, and joint music activity), the program was developed for improving interaction among preschoolers, while promoting intercultural acceptance by providing the opportunity to be exposed to music from different cultures and engage in the joint activity using such music. For the purpose of investigate the applicability of the developed program, the program was implemented with two groups of preschoolers and each group received the musical play program for 30 minutes twice a week for a total of 6 sessions. The results of this preliminary study indicate that the musical play program promoted interaction between peers from different cultural background. Based on the results of this study, musical play programs may be helpful in promoting interactions between preschoolers from different cultural backgrounds and increase of acceptance of immigrant students in Korean daycares and schools.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.57-69
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• 2023

Early morning delivery possesses distinct characteristics that differentiate it from standard delivery services. This service typically involves delivering products to customers during the early morning hours, primarily before 7 AM. While online early morning delivery offers various advantages from a customer perspective, it also presents challenges that sellers and online shopping companies need to overcome. The early morning delivery market is experiencing significant growth in the online food retail sector, incorporating both PC-based online shopping and mobile shopping. The objective of this research is to identify the factors influencing customer satisfaction and the intention to reuse in the context of early morning delivery for online shopping. To model the online shopping environment with early morning delivery, independent factors were categorized into three types: System Properties, Product Characteristics, and Delivery Characteristics. This study examined the relationships among these three independent factors, the mediating factor of customer satisfaction, and the dependent variable of the intention to reuse. To conduct this research, empirical validation of the research hypotheses was carried out using the final dataset for analysis. Within this study, the previously explored System Properties, Product Characteristics, and Delivery Characteristics were established. Summarizing the findings of the analysis, it was discovered that System Properties and Product Characteristics played a significant role in determining the quality of early morning delivery services for online shopping. While product diversity and convenience had a positive impact, it is noteworthy that Delivery Characteristics did not influence customer satisfaction. Consequently, it can be concluded that there is no effect on the intention to reuse.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.228-243
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• 2023

Bentonite is widely recognized and utilized as a buffer material in high-level radioactive waste repositories, mainly due to its favorable characteristics such as swelling capability and low permeability. Bentonite buffers play an important role in ensuring the safe disposal of radioactive waste by providing a low permeability barrier and effectively preventing the migration of radionuclides into the surrounding rock. However, the long-term performance of bentonite buffers still remains a subject of ongoing research, and one of the main concerns is the erosion of the buffer induced by swelling and groundwater flow. The erosion of the bentonite buffer can significantly impact repository safety by compromising the integrity of buffer and leading to the formation of colloids that may facilitate the transport of radionuclides through groundwater, consequently elevating the risk of radionuclide migration. Therefore, it is very important to numerically quantify the erosion of bentonite buffer to evaluate the long-term performance of bentonite buffer, which is crucial for the safety assessment of high-level radioactive waste disposal. In this technical note, Two-region model is introduced, a proposed model to simulate the erosion behavior of bentonite based on a dynamic bentonite diffusion model, and quantitative evaluation is conducted for the bentonite buffer erosion with this model.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.205-224
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• 2009

Social responsibility which a corporation should be aware of is increasing as it plays a more important role in society. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) was taken by some huge entrepreneurs in the past. Conversely, CSR is prized one of important business activities for every corporate nowadays. Cause-related marketing draws particularly special attention among various CSRs, because it has a direct and positive effect on purchasing behavior. Marketing activity of Amway Korea is an excellent example of the cause-related marketing in Korea. Mid 2000s, some multilevel marketing firms had evaded the law, customer had negative attitude towards Amway Korea. Amway Korea, however, has overcome the difficulties by cause-related marketing, which is called campaign for Nutrilite's kid health. Present case examines the cause-related marketing, which Amway Korea has been doing for 10 years. Especially, we investigate specific factors, which differentiated CSR of Amway Korea from one of other firms. Lastly, we discuss a future action for Amway Korea's cause-related marketing and implications.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.13
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• pp.471-485
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• 2007

This study is performed to find out what type instructions are produced to players by coaches and what effects are resulted in cooperative spirit of the concerned group. Furthermore the study has its aims at advancing instructors' skills by using finding of it. The study used 'SPSS 11.0 FOR WINDOW - Statistical Package' to analyze the collected samples and dealt with data of 174 individuals. Statistical analysis of the research for hypothesis verification was about frequency, trust level, mutual relationship, variables, and T-verification. The meaningful level for any result was ranged within 95%(p< .05), 99%(p<.01). The finding are as follows. Effects on pleasure, one of elements of team spirits taken by instructor's training style are analyzed as follows. It was proved to be meaningful in relation with a series of activities like training, democratic, social, compensatory aspects and showed also considerable relation with power based behaviors. That says, players are found to enjoy high pleasure when social and bureaucratic behaviors of instructors are very energetic. In addition to that, training, democratic, and compensatory activities didn't show any meaningful effect. Team spirit was found to play a main role between instructor's behaviors and training, democratic, social rewarding activities. Democratic and social acts influence on team spirit. Looking into the detailed aspects, team spirit was resulted very high in the individuals with low democratic mind and was shown high group spirit by groups with high sociable activities. Teamworks was found to be affected by relation between instructor's acts and training, democratic, social and compensatory aspects and it showed meaningful relations with training, social, bureaucratic behaviors. Low degree of training and bureaucratic activities are found to prefer for power team spirit, and high social activities led a strong teamworks. Group binding spirit was influenced by training, democratic, social compensatory, bureaucratic behaviors and it showed to give effects on democratic, social, and bureaucratic activities of instructors. Low degree of democratic and bureaucratic behaviors are found to produce strong team spirit. In contrast with that, strong social activities was found to be motive of powerful team spirit. Value of team spirit was found to play a main role between instructor's behaviors and training, democratic, social, rewarding activities. It didn't show any meaningful effect on behavior of instructors.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2017.08a
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• pp.1-13
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• 2017

In the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution, as the importance of creative talent became more and more important, we recognized the urgent need for start-ups to innovate new growth industries and creative talents to lead these eras.And the importance of entrepreneurship education emphasized in entrepreneurship education and the necessity of creativity competency education.However, there is a lack of research on how creativity competency education affects entrepreneurship intention for college students. Especially, research on the moderating effect of social support on the effect of entrepreneurship through education is very insufficient. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of creativity competence education on the will of entrepreneurship and empowerment of social support. For this purpose, 393 college students were used for empirical analysis for 1 month from August 2016. As a result of this study, the ability of communicative communication and creative problem solving had a positive effect on self - efficacy. On the other hand, innovative work behavior abilities did not directly affect self-efficacy. In addition, creative problem solving ability and innovative work behavior ability had a positive effect on the will to start up. Collaborative communication skills, however, did not directly affect the willingness to start a business. Self - efficacy has a positive effect on the will of founding. Finally, the moderating effect of social support between self-efficacy and willingness to work was not directly affected. The implication of this study is that the effect of the creativity competency education on college students has a positive effect on the self - efficacy of self and the positive influence on the will to start up. The results of this study are as follows. First, it is found that the influence of social support (parental support) is not positively influenced by the control effect of the parents. In the case of college students, As well as the need to do so. Therefore, in order to further increase the willingness of young people to establish a university in the university, it is necessary to provide education and programs not only for direct education for college students, but also for improving the understanding of the talents and entrepreneurship required by the age of their parents.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.33-53
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the causal relationship of CSR activities, customer trust and CCID, customer behavior intention(B.I) in the relationship between CSR activities and customer behavior intention(B.I) in the insurance industry, thereby enable top management of insurance company to take it in their consideration that CSR activity help link to customer behavioral intention by customer trust in them and CCID. To achieve the purpose of the study, the hypothesis was established based on preceding research and theoretical background regarding CSR, trust, CCID, behavioral intention(B.I). And this study conducted AMOS statistical analysis based on effective 526 survey data collected from insurance customers across country through online research company. The result of this empirical study is as follows. First, insurance company's CSR activity has a positive impact on customer's trust and CCID, but it did not have a direct significant effect on the customer's behavioral intention(B.I). Second, both customer's trust and CCID have a positive and significant effect on customer's behavioral intention. Third, we have also found that both Trust and CCID played a mediating role between CSR activity and B,I. Fourth, it was found that authenticity did not moderate the enfluence relationship between CSR activity and Trust, CCID. The result of this study shows that insurance company's active CSR activity increase customer trust, thereby create a sense of unity between the customer and the company, In addition, it shows that when CSR activities are mediated by customer trust and CCID, it could lead to customer behavioral intention(B.I) such as repurchasing and positive word-of-mouth activities. to others. The result of this study will contribute to the future research on CSR literature and the marketing strategy of insurance companies.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.46-54
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• 2011

In this study, combined effect of airflow rate, $TiO_2$ concentration, solution pH and $Ca^{+2}$ addition on HA (humic acid) fouling in submerged, photocatalytic hollow-fiber microfiltraiton was investigated systematically. Results showed that UV irradiation alone without $TiO_2$ nanoparticles could reduce HA fouling by 40% higher than the fouling obtained without UV irradiation. Compared to the HA fouling without UV irradiation and $TiO_2$ nanoparticles, the HA fouling reduction was about 25% higher only after the addition of $TiO_2$ nanoparticles. Both adsorptive and hydrophilic properties of $TiO_2$ nanoparticles for the HA can be involved in mitigating membrane fouling. It was also found that the aeration itself had lowest effect on fouling mitigation while the HA fouling was affected significantly by solution pH. Transient behavior of zeta potential at different solution pHs suggested that electrostatic interactions between HA and $TiO_2$ nanoparticles should improve photocatalytic efficiency on HA fouling. $TiO_2$ concentration was observed to be more important factor than airflow rate to reduce HA fouling, implying that surface reactivity on $TiO_2$ naoparticles should be important fouling mitigation mechanisms in submerged, photocatalyic microfiltraiton. This was further supported by investigating the effect of $Ca^{+2}$ addition on fouling mitigation. At higher pH (= 10), addition of $Ca^{+2}$ can play an important role in bridging between HA and $TiO_2$ nanoparticles and increasing surface reactivity on nanoparticles, thereby reducing membrane fouling.