• 안보군사학연구
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• 통권8호
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• pp.49-168
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• 2010

Just before the Korean War, the total number of the North Korean troops was 198,380, while that of the ROK(Republic of Korea) army troops 105,752. That is, the total number of the ROK army troops at that time was 53.3% of the total number of the North Korean army. As of December 2008, the total number of the North Korean troops is estimated to be 1,190,000, while that of the ROK troops is 655,000, so the ROK army maintains 55.04% of the total number of the North Korean troops. If the ROK army continues to reduce its troops according to [Military Reform Plan 2020], the total number of its troops will be 517,000 m 2020. If North Korea maintains the current status(l,190,000 troops), the number of the ROK troops will be 43.4% of the North Korean army. In terms of units, just before the Korean War, the number of the ROK army divisions and regiments was 80% and 44.8% of North Korean army. As of December 2008, North Korea maintains 86 divisions and 69 regiments. Compared to the North Korean army, the ROK army maintains 46 Divisions (53.4% of North Korean army) and 15 regiments (21.3% of North Korean army). If the ROK army continue to reduce the military units according to [Military Reform Plan 2020], the number of ROK army divisions will be 28(13 Active Division, 4 Mobilization Divisions and 11 Local Reserve Divisions), while that of the North Korean army will be 86 in 2020. In that case, the number of divisions of the ROK army will be 32.5% of North Korean army. During the Korean war, North Korea suddenly invaded the Republic of Korea and occupied its capital 3 days after the war began. At that time, the ROK army maintained 80% of army divisions, compared to the North Korean army. The lesson to be learned from this is that, if the ROK army is forced to disperse its divisions because of the simultaneous invasion of North Korea and attack of guerrillas in home front areas, the Republic of Korea can be in a serious military danger, even though it maintains 80% of military divisions of North Korea. If the ROK army promotes the plans in [Military Reform Plan 2020], the number of military units of the ROK army will be 32.5% of that of the North Korean army. This ratio is 2.4 times lower than that of the time when the Korean war began, and in this case, 90% of total military power should be placed in the DMZ area. If 90% of military power is placed in the DMZ area, few troops will be left for the defense of home front. In addition, if the ROK army continues to reduce the troops, it can allow North Korea to have asymmetrical superiority in military force and it will eventually exert negative influence on the stability and peace of the Korean peninsular. On the other hand, it should be reminded that, during the Korean War, the Republic of Korea was attacked by North Korea, though it kept 53.3% of troops, compared to North Korea. It should also be reminded that, as of 2008, the ROK army is defending its territory with the troops 55.04% of North Korea. Moreover, the national defense is assisted by 25,120 troops of the US Forces in Korea. In case the total number of the ROK troops falls below 43.4% of the North Korean army, it may cause social unrest about the national security and may lead North Korea's misjudgement. Besides, according to Lanchester strategy, the party with weaker military power (60% compared to the party with stronger military power) has the 4.1% of winning possibility. Therefore, if we consider the fact that the total number of the ROK army troops is 55.04% of that of the North Korean army, the winning possibility of the ROK army is not higher than 4.1%. If the total number of ROK troops is reduced to 43.4% of that of North Korea, the winning possibility will be lower and the military operations will be in critically difficult situation. [Military Reform Plan 2020] rums at the reduction of troops and units of the ground forces under the policy of 'select few'. However, the problem is that the financial support to achieve this goal is not secured. Therefore, the promotion of [Military Reform Plan 2020] may cause the weakening of military defence power in 2020. Some advanced countries such as Japan, UK, Germany, and France have promoted the policy of 'select few'. However, what is to be noted is that the national security situation of those countries is much different from that of Korea. With the collapse of the Soviet Unions and European communist countries, the military threat of those European advanced countries has almost disappeared. In addition, the threats those advanced countries are facing are not wars in national level, but terrorism in international level. To cope with the threats like terrorism, large scaled army trops would not be necessary. So those advanced European countries can promote the policy of 'select few'. In line with this, those European countries put their focuses on the development of military sections that deal with non-military operations and protection from unspecified enemies. That is, those countries are promoting the policy of 'select few', because they found that the policy is suitable for their national security environment. Moreover, since they are pursuing common interest under the European Union(EU) and they can form an allied force under NATO, it is natural that they are pursing the 'select few' policy. At present, NATO maintains the larger number of troops(2,446,000) than Russia(l,027,000) to prepare for the potential threat of Russia. The situation of japan is also much different from that of Korea. As a country composed of islands, its prime military focus is put on the maritime defense. Accordingly, the development of ground force is given secondary focus. The japanese government promotes the policy to develop technology-concentrated small size navy and air-forces, instead of maintaining large-scaled ground force. In addition, because of the 'Peace Constitution' that was enacted just after the end of World War II, japan cannot maintain troops more than 240,000. With the limited number of troops (240,000), japan has no choice but to promote the policy of 'select few'. However, the situation of Korea is much different from the situations of those countries. The Republic of Korea is facing the threat of the North Korean Army that aims at keeping a large-scale military force. In addition, the countries surrounding Korea are also super powers containing strong military forces. Therefore, to cope with the actual threat of present and unspecified threat of future, the importance of maintaining a carefully calculated large-scale military force cannot be denied. Furthermore, when considering the fact that Korea is in a peninsular, the Republic of Korea must take it into consideration the tradition of continental countries' to maintain large-scale military powers. Since the Korean War, the ROK army has developed the technology-force combined military system, maintaining proper number of troops and units and pursuing 'select few' policy at the same time. This has been promoted with the consideration of military situation in the Koran peninsular and the cooperation of ROK-US combined forces. This kind of unique military system that cannot be found in other countries can be said to be an insightful one for the preparation for the actual threat of North Korea and the conflicts between continental countries and maritime countries. In addition, this kind of technology-force combined military system has enabled us to keep peace in Korea. Therefore, it would be desirable to maintain this technology-force combined military system until the reunification of the Korean peninsular. Furthermore, it is to be pointed out that blindly following the 'select few' policy of advanced countries is not a good option, because it is ignoring the military strategic situation of the Korean peninsular. If the Republic of Korea pursues the reduction of troops and units radically without consideration of the threat of North Korea and surrounding countries, it could be a significant strategic mistake. In addition, the ROK army should keep an eye on the fact the European advanced countries and Japan that are not facing direct military threats are spending more defense expenditures than Korea. If the ROK army reduces military power without proper alternatives, it would exert a negative effect on the stable economic development of Korea and peaceful reunification of the Korean peninsular. Therefore, the desirable option would be to focus on the development of quality of forces, maintaining proper size and number of troops and units under the technology-force combined military system. The tableau above shows that the advanced countries like the UK, Germany, Italy, and Austria spend more defense expenditure per person than the Republic of Korea, although they do not face actual military threats, and that they keep achieving better economic progress than the countries that spend less defense expenditure. Therefore, it would be necessary to adopt the merits of the defense systems of those advanced countries. As we have examined, it would be desirable to maintain the current size and number of troops and units, to promote 'select few' policy with increased defense expenditure, and to strengthen the technology-force combined military system. On the basis of firm national security, the Republic of Korea can develop efficient policies for reunification and prosperity, and jump into the status of advanced countries. Therefore, the plans to reduce troops and units in [Military Reform Plan 2020] should be reexamined. If it is difficult for the ROK army to maintain its size of 655,000 troops because of low birth rate, the plans to establish the prompt mobilization force or to adopt drafting system should be considered for the maintenance of proper number of troops and units. From now on, the Republic of Korean government should develop plans to keep peace as well as to prepare unexpected changes in the Korean peninsular. For the achievement of these missions, some options can be considered. The first one is to maintain the same size of military troops and units as North Korea. The second one is to maintain the same level of military power as North Korea in terms of military force index. The third one is to maintain the same level of military power as North Korea, with the combination of the prompt mobilization force and the troops in active service under the system of technology-force combined military system. At present, it would be not possible for the ROK army to maintain such a large-size military force as North Korea (1,190,000 troops and 86 units). So it would be rational to maintain almost the same level of military force as North Korea with the combination of the troops on the active list and the prompt mobilization forces. In other words, with the combination of the troops in active service (60%) and the prompt mobilization force (40%), the ROK army should develop the strategies to harmonize technology and forces. The Korean government should also be prepared for the strategic flexibility of USFK, the possibility of American policy change about the location of foreign army, radical unexpected changes in North Korea, the emergence of potential threat, surrounding countries' demand for Korean force for the maintenance of regional stability, and demand for international cooperation against terrorism. For this, it is necessary to develop new approaches toward the proper number and size of troops and units. For instance, to prepare for radical unexpected political or military changes in North Korea, the Republic of Korea should have plans to protect a large number of refugees, to control arms and people, to maintain social security, and to keep orders in North Korea. From the experiences of other countries, it is estimated that 115,000 to 230,000 troops, plus ten thousands of police are required to stabilize the North Korean society, in the case radical unexpected military or political change happens in North Korea. In addition, if the Republic of Korea should perform the release of hostages, control of mass destruction weapons, and suppress the internal wars in North Korea, it should send 460,000 troops to North Korea. Moreover, if the Republic of Korea wants to stop the attack of North Korea and flow of refugees in DMZ area, at least 600,000 troops would be required. In sum, even if the ROK army maintains 600,000 troops, it may need additional 460,000 troops to prepare for unexpected radical changes in North Korea. For this, it is necessary to establish the prompt mobilization force whose size and number are almost the same as the troops in active service. In case the ROK army keeps 650,000 troops, the proper number of the prompt mobilization force would be 460,000 to 500,000.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2016

우리나라의 도시화율은 점점 높아지고 있으며 이에 따라 도시인구 증가와 더불어 다양한 도시시설물들이 급속도로 도시에 집중되고 있는 실정이다. 이에 따라 다양한 재해로 인한 피해가 발생되고 있고 사회재난 중 화재는 교통사고와 더불어 도시에서 가장 많은 피해를 입히고 있다. 2015년 우리나라의 화재발생은 44,432건이 발생하여 253명의 사망자와 4,300억원의 재산피해가 발생하여 다양한 피해 저감 노력에도 불구하고 감소되는 추세를 보이고 있지 않다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국가화재정보시스템과 진주소방서를 통하여 2007년부터 2014년까지 발생한 진주시 화재자료를 수집하였으며 행정자치부의 시설물 현황 DB를 통해 진주시의 화재와 시설물의 군집성을 분석하고 화재위험도를 산출하였다. 그 결과 미국소방기술사회(SEPE:Society of Fire Protection Engineers) 기준에 따른 화재발생빈도에 대한 위험 등급을 4단계로 구분한 경우 가장 높은 A등급으로 업무시설, 위락시설, 자동차시설이 분류되었으며, 그 다음으로 U등급은 단독주택, 공동주택, 교육시설, 판매시설, 숙박시설, 집합시설, 의료시설, 산업시설, 생활서비스시설, EU등급은 기타주택이고, 마지막으로 가장 낮은 BEU등급은 위험물제조시설로 나타났다. 또한 인명피해를 기준으로 한 경우 가장 위험도가 높은 시설물은 위험물제조시설이었고 재산피해를 기준으로 한 경우는 집합시설과 산업시설이 가장 위험도가 높게 나타났다. 이상과 같이 도시에서 발생된 화재를 시설물별로 구분하여 발생빈도, 인명피해, 재산피해에 대해 위험등급을 산정하여 제시함으로서 도시공간에 분포한 시설물에 대한 화재저감대책을 수립하는데 효과적으로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.34-45
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• 1992

In this county, the gap between the urban 'haves' and the rural 'have-nots' continues to be an increasing problem. WHO and UNICEF see primary health care(PHC) as the key to achieving an acceptable level of health throughout the world as a community development. PHC is essential health care made accessible to individuals and families in the community by means acceptable to them. It is the first level of contact of individual, the family, and community with the national health system. It includes at least education on health system. It includes at least education on health problems, promotion of food supply, MCH including family planning, immunization against infectious diseases, control of endemic diseases, treatment of common diseases and injuries, promotion of mental health, and provision of essential drugs. However, of the aboves, education concerning of mental health problems and the methods to identify, prevent, and control them is the principal step of establishment. In Korea, the category of PHC worker includes the physician as public doctor and nurse as primary health care practitioner and community health leader as village health worker. PHC workers of the aboves will thus function best if they are appropriately trained to respond to the health needs of the community. However in this country, since the national PHC service project launched in 1980, the government has not developed and performed appropriate and enough education and training activities. In light of above reasons, several categories of health education activities had been planned and performed being aimed at above specific target groups and the main focus was on the village health workers for about one year from July 1991 to July 1992 in Yeoju Kun of Kyonki Province. At the end of the period, evaluation of education input was carried out to measure the improvement of healthful life of people in terms of awareness, attitude, and practice. At the end of the period, evaluation of education input was carried out to measure the improvement of healthful life of people in terms of awareness, attitude, and practice. The totals of 80 village health workers, 13 public health practitioners and 9 public docters took in the course of health education for a few hours at every month and the evaluation works of educational effect were taken. The results the study were as follows. 1) Number of persons who realized the maxim "health care of the people is a duty of the government" increased after the education course, On the other hand, the rate of satisfaction on the effort of government for health promotion of the people decreased. 2) Public doctors and primary health care practitioners(nurses) liked and enjoyed the education schedule as a meeting of peer group. It provided chances of communication with staffs of Korea University Hospital. It was said that lectures covered great deal of knowledge and technic they urgently needed in the field. 3) After finishing the education course, more of village health workers(VHW) thought they adapted themselves to their roles and functions showing increased number of home visit and contact with primary health care practitioners by month. 4) In case of patient refer, VHW preferred primary health care practitioners to public doctors. 5) Capability of VHWs in most of their functions increased dramatically after when the education course finished except tuberculosis control.

• 공연문화연구
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• 제33호
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• pp.59-95
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• 2016

본 논문은 국내 뿐 아니라 해외에서도 <마담 옹(Madame Ong)>이라는 제목으로 그 작품성을 인정받은 국립창극단의 창극 <변강쇠 점 찍고 옹녀>를 통해 실전판소리가 어떻게 새롭게 재탄생되었는지, 그 과정에 주목하여 이 작품의 텍스트와 음악적 특징을 분석해보았다. 창극 <변강쇠 점 찍고 옹녀>는 현재에는 실전된 판소리 <변강쇠가>를 각색하여 창극으로 만든 작품이다. 이 과정에서 변강쇠의 치상부분인 후반부의 내용을 삭제하고, 옹녀가 변강쇠를 되찾아오기 위해 장승들과 전쟁을 벌이는 내용을 새롭게 삽입하여 텍스트의 변화를 주었다. 또한 <변강쇠 점찍고 옹녀>라는 제목에서도 드러나듯, 원작과는 다른 관점으로 변강쇠가 아닌 옹녀를 주인공으로 삼아 그동안 음녀로만 여겨졌던 옹녀를 자신의 운명에 맞서 싸우는 주체적이고 독립적인 여인으로 변모시켰다. 창극 <변강쇠 점 찍고 옹녀>는 모든 소리가 작창으로 만들어졌는데, 극과 가장 부합되는 소리, 즉 이면에 맞는 소리를 표현하기 위해 창자간의 화음을 넣는 등, 여러 가지 시도가 이루어졌다. 또한 소리를 하는 인물 혹은 등장인물의 심경 변화에 따라 그 소리의 조와 성음이 달리 사용되었음을 알 수 있다. 창극 <변강쇠 점 찍고 옹녀>는 특히 반주음악에서 다양한 시도가 이루어졌는데, 소리북을 여러 개 사용하거나 대중가요에서 왈츠, 클래식, 각도민요에 이르기까지 다양한 장르의 음악을 사용하는 등 도전적인 시도를 했다. 이러한 시도들은 극을 더욱 풍성하게 만들었고 사실감 있는 극적표현을 도와주었다. 이렇듯, 창극 <변강쇠 점 찍고 옹녀>는 내용적인 측면에서는 고전서사를 차용했지만, 음악적인 측면에서는 기존의 창극에서 벗어난 다양한 변화와 시도들을 통해, 온고지신의 면모를 갖춘 새로운 창극의 모습을 보여주었고, 현대 사회에서 창극이 나아가야 할 방향과 가능성을 제시해 준 작품이다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.97-106
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• 1990

1. Background Women's health and their involvement in health care are essential to health for everyone. If they are ignorant, malnourished or over-worked, the health &-their families as well as their own health will suffer. Women's health depends on broad considerations beyond medicine. Among other things, it depends upon their work in farming. their subordination to their families, their accepted roles, and poor hygiene with poorly equipped housing and environmental sanitation. 2. Objectives and Contents a. The health status of rural women : physical and mental complaints, experience of pesticides intoxication, Farmer's syndrome, experiences of reproductive health problems. b. participation in and attitudes towards housework and farming c. accessibility of medical care d. status of maternal health : fertility, family planning practice. induced abortion, and maternal care 3. Research method A nationwide field survey, based on stratified random sampling, was conducted during July, 1986. Revised Cornell Medical index(68 out of 195 items). Kawagai's Farmers Syndrome Scale, and self-developed structured questionnaires were used to rural farming wives(n=2.028). aged between 26-55. 4. Characteristics of the respondents mean age : 40.2 marital status : 90.8% married mean no. of household : 4.9 average years of education : 4.7 yrs. average income of household : \235,000 average years of residence in rural area : 36.4 yrs average Working hours(household and farming) : 11 hrs. 23 min 5. Health Status of rural women a. The average number of physical and mental symptoms were 12.4, 4.7, and the rate of complaints were 22.1%, 38.8% each. revealing complaints of mental symptomes higher than physical ones. b. 65.4% of rural women complained of more than 4 symptoms out of 9, indicating farmer's syndrome. 11.9 % experienced pesticide overdue syndrome c. 57.6% of respondents experienced women-specific health problems. d. Age and education of respondents were the variables which affect on the level of their health 6. Utilization of medical services a. The number of symptoms and complaints of respondents were dependent on the distance to where the health-care service is given b. Drug store was the most commonly utilized due to low price and the distance to reach. while nurse practitioners were well utilized when there were nurse practitioner's office in their villages. c. Rural women were internalized their subordination to husbands and children, revealing they are positive(93%) in health-care demand for-them but negative(30%) for themselves d. 33.0% of respondents were habitual drug users, 4.5% were smokers and 32.3% were alcohol drinkers. and 86.3% experienced induced-abortion. But most of them(77.6%) knew that those had negative effects on health. 7. Maternal Health Care a. Practice rate of contraception was 48.1% : female users were 90.9% in permanent and 89.6% in temporary contraception b. Induced abortions were taken mostly at hospital(86.3%), while health centers(4.7%), midwiferies(4.3%). and others(4.5%) including drug stores were listed a few. The repeated numbers of induced abortion seemed affected on the increasing numbers of symptoms and complaints. c. The first pre-natal check-up during first trimester was 41.8%, safe delivery rate was 15.6%, post-natal check-up during two months after delivery. Rural women had no enough rest after delivery revealing average days of rest from home work and farming 8.3 and 17.2. d. 86.6% practised breast feeding, showing younger and more educated mothers depending on artificial milk 8. Recommendations a. To lessen the multiple role over burden housing and sanitary conditions should be improved, and are needed farming machiner es for women and training on the use of them b. Health education should begin at primary school including health behavior and living environment. c. Women should be encouraged to become policy-makers as well as administrators in the field of women specific health affairs. d. Women's health indicators should be developed and women's health surveillance system too.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.183-192
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of elementary school dietitians in terms of nutrition education in the northern portion of Gyeonggi province. Self-administered questionnaires were given to 50 dietitians who have worked in elementary schools with self-operation food service, and 35(70%) dietitians returned the questionnaires. The results are summarized as follows: no students took part in nutrition education as a regular course, but all dietitians performed nutrition education in passive ways, such as 'using home correspondence'(39.0%), 'bulletin board/poster'(22.0%), 'using the internet'(13.4%) and 'indirectly through a classroom teacher'(12.2%). Most respondents performed nutrition education 'one time/month'(66.0%) or 'one time/week'(20.0%). The respondents thought that suitable teaching times for nutrition education were 'during a related subject'(35.5%), 'during lunch time'(22.6%) rather than 'during an independent subject'(16.1%). Most of the dietitians(94.3%) did not perform nutrition counseling because of 'a lack of opportunity'(72.7%) and 'workload'(27.3%). Additionally 88.6% of respondents did not have the time of for nutrition counseling for parents because 'am not a teacher'(56.7%) and 'workload'(30,0%). Information sources for nutrition education were mainly 'internet'(71.4%) and 're-educationa1 materials'(17.1%). They possessed instructional materials in the forms of 'printed materials'(35.1 %), 'exhibition/bulletin board'(31.2%), and 'electrical materials'(33.8%), 'but did not have 'solid materials' such as food models and dolls. Generally they had mostly 'leaflets'(82.9%), 'bulletins'(68.6%), 'internet'(57.1%), and 'CDs'(57.1%). Preferences for instructional materials used were 'printed materials'(46.2%), 'exhibition/bulletin board'(36.5%), and 'electrical materials'(17.3%) 'Leaflets'(80.0%) were mainly used; 'CD'(17.1 %) use was low compared to the proportion possessing CDs. The topics frequently chosen by the subjects for nutrition education were 'table manners'(82.9%), 'basic concepts of food and nutrition'(80.0%), and 'proper food habits'(80.0%), but the topics helpful for practical use, such as 'how much do I eat'(20.0%) and 'nutrition labeling'(37.1%), were not included frequently. The respondents thought that 'eating only what they like'(60.0 %), 'intake of processed foods'(17.8%), and 'obesity'(17.8%) were the most common nutritional problems among elementary school children. They also thought that establishing a regular course for nutrition education was an effective way to cut down on these nutritional problems. In conclusion, nutrition education programs that are combined with effective instructional materials and practical topics should be developed. Additionally, it is recommended that dietitians act as teachers who participate in regular courses as soon as possible.

• 의료법학
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.209-279
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• 2016

최근 정신건강증진법의 전면 개정을 계기로 하여 정신장애인의 인권과 지역사회통합의 관점에서 개정 전 정신건강증진법의 문제점과 개정 정신건강증진법의 주요 개정 내용을 검토하고 평가하였다. 1995년 정신건강증진법의 제정과 다섯 차례의 개정은 정신장애인들을 사회로부터 분리 배제하는 과정이었으며 이를 정당화하고 제도적으로 뒷받침한 것이 정신보건법을 지배하는 의료적 관점이었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 정신장애인을 오직 치료의 대상으로만 접근하는 것은 정신장애인을 뚜렷한 효과 없는 치료를 명목으로 장기간 정신병원에 입원시키는 것을 정당화하고 그 속에 감추어져 있는 사회방위의 목적 또는 장신장애인의 부양의 목적을 은폐하는 역할을 하였음을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 이를 제도적으로 뒷받침한 것이 정신보건법상의 보호의무자에 의한 입원제도이다. 이러한 보호의무자에 의한 입원은 정신장애인의 입원 결정에 관여하는 부양의무를 가진 보호의무자와 정신의료기관 소속 전문의의 공공연한 이해충돌의 가능성 때문에 그 객관성과 공정성에 대하여 의심을 받아 왔을 뿐 아니라 강제입원이 신체의 자유를 구속하는 기본권제한에 요청되는 기본권 제한의 과잉금지 원칙이나 적법절차 원칙에 저촉되어 위헌적이라는 것이 평가를 받고 있다. 이러한 상황에서 개정된 개정 정신건강증진법은 강제입원의 대상인 정신질환자의 범위를 축소하고, 보호의무자에 의한 입원에 있어서 정신과 전문의 2인의 진단과 입원적합성심사위원회의 심사를 추가하는 등 강제입원의 요건과 절차를 강화하였다. 이점에 있어서 입원적합성심사위원회는 강제입원을 규제하고 입원장기화를 축소하는 데에 부분적으로 기여할 것으로 평가할 만하다. 그러나 개정된 보호의무자에 의한 입원제도도 장애인의 자유와 안전에 관한 유엔장애인권리협약 제14조 위반의 문제점을 극복하지는 못하였다. 뿐만 아니라 지역사회로 복귀할 정신장애인의 사회통합을 위한 복지서비스의 지원은 다양한 항목 설정에도 불구하고 규범적으로 약화된 형태의 규정에 머물고 있는 반면, 적절한 복지서비스의 지원의 실현에 긴요한 국가나 지방자치단체의 예산확보 방안 등에 있어서 불확실성이 크다. 향후 제도나 정책에 있어서 정신장애인의 인권과 사회통합을 위한 각별한 관심과 노력이 필요하다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.853-865
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• 2022

본 연구는 남해안 38개 특정도서의 암반조간대에서 2019년 8월부터 10월까지 방형구(50x50cm)를 이용하여 대형저서동물의 공간분포와 우점종 조사를 실시하였다. 특정도서에서는 총 80종이 출현하였으며, 연체동물이 54종으로 67.4%를 차지하여 가장 우점하였고, 절지동물은 15종(18.7%)이었다. 그 외 자포동물, 해면동물, 극피동물은 1~6종의 범위내에서 출현하였다. 지역별로 보면, 여수의 특정도서에서 61종으로 가장 많았으며, 하동, 남해, 추자도 등에서는 각각 42~46종으로 유사하였고, 보성과 고흥은 29종으로 출현종수가 가장 적었다. 정점별 출현종수는 6종(정점 6)~33종(정점 20)의 범위로 큰 차이를 보였다. 주요 우점종은 좁쌀무늬총알고둥으로 15개 특정도서에서 우점하였으며, 그 다음으로 검은큰따개비가 11개 특정도서에서 우점종으로 출현하였다. 좁쌀무늬총알고둥은 36개 특정도서에서 출현하여 가장 넓게 분포하였으며, 대수리 30개, 굵은줄격판담치 29개, 갈고둥 28개, 갯강구 27개, 총알고둥 26개의 특정도서에서 출현하였다. 국외반출승인 대상종은 연체동물 9종, 절지동물 4종, 자포동물 2종이며, 국가적색목록은 총 50종으로 관심대상(LC)은 44종, 정보부족(DD) 3종, 미평가(NE), 준위협(NT) 및 미적용(NA)은 각각 1종씩 출현하였다. 남해안 특정도서에서 출현한 대형저서동물은 지역에 따른 노출시간, 암간 조간대의 길이, 암반기질 등 서식환경 차이에 의한 출현종수와 우점종의 차이를 보였다. 본 연구 결과는 추후 특정도서 모니터링과 관리방안 수립시 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.275-285
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• 2021

코로나19는 선원교대를 지연시키면서 선박과 선원의 안전에 위협을 가하고 있다. 선원의 승선환경에 있어 해운기업과 정부가 놓치고 있는 사각지대는 존재하고 있다. 선원의 안전을 위협하는 비상체제 상황에서 인적사고를 유발할 가능성을 제거하기 위해 효과적인 교대방안을 구상해볼 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 전직 및 현직 선원을 대상으로 설문조사를 진행한 결과, 승선생활에서 가장 중요하게 생각하는 요인은 안전이었으며 비상체제 상황에서 가장 필요한 것은 임금 및 복지의 향상보다 선원의 원활한 교대방안이 우선적으로 확보되어야 한다고 응답하였다. 국적해운기업의 대륙별 주요 항로를 분석하여 기항 횟수가 많고 항공연계성지수가 높은 항만을 거점항만으로 선정하였다. 또한, 국제해운에 승선하는 국내 선원의 효과적인 교대를 위한 이동경로를 구상하였다. 그를 위해 비상 시 선원의 안전한 본국 귀환 및 이송을 위하여 선박과 항만, 항공을 연계한 이동경로 구축은 다른 나라와의 협의가 필수적이다. 또한, 국제해사기구의 협력을 통해 선원교대의 어려움에 처해있는 선원들을 위해 함께 노력할 필요가 있다. 이를 시작으로 국적 선원이 승선하는 정기선과 부정기선의 귀항로 및 불귀항로 정보와 선원 수에 대한 모니터링 체계를 갖추어 상시 확인할 수 있어야 한다. 그러한 체계가 갖추어진다면 비상체제 발생 시 우리나라의 정책 대응방향을 보다 빠르게 결정할 수 있을 것이다. 선원들의 처우를 개선하기 위한 해운기업의 노력과 더불어 개정이 필요한 국내법을 검토하고 선원에 대한 인식을 개선하기 위한 국민적·사회적 관심이 필요할 것이다.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1-27
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• 2012

본 연구는 3대 대형마트(이마트, 홈플러스 및 롯데마트)의 점포이미지 구성요인이 쇼핑가치 및 쇼핑만족에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 점포이미지 구성요인으로 점포분위기, 판매원서비스, 부대시설, 제품구색 및 점포입지를 포함하였고, 쇼핑가치로는 실용적 쇼핑가치 및 쾌락적 쇼핑가치 등을 포함하였다. 자료는 지방에 위치한 세 점포를 이용하는 쇼핑객 114명을 대상으로 'mall-intercept' 방법에 의해 수집한 다음, SmartPLS 2.0에 의해 분석하였다. 분석결과, 판매원서비스 및 점포입지가 실용적 쇼핑가치에 영향을 주고, 점포분위기, 판매원서비스 및 점포입지가 쾌락적 쇼핑가치에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 쇼핑가치들은 모두 쇼핑만족에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이들 두 쇼핑가치 가운데 쾌락적 쇼핑가치가 쇼핑만족에 더 많은 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 지각된 혼잡이 쇼핑가치와 쇼핑만족 간의 관계에 대해 조절역할을 하는지 분석하였다. 분석결과, 쇼핑가치와 쇼핑만족 간의 관계에서 지각된 혼잡이 조절역할을 하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 쇼핑가치와 쇼핑만족 간의 관계에서 지각된 혼잡의 정도에 따라 이들 관계의 크기가 크게 변하지 않음을 의미한다. 지각된 혼잡의 조절역할 외에, 지각된 혼잡이 쇼핑만족에 직접영향을 줄 것으로 가정하고 이를 WarpPLS 3.0에 의해 분석한 결과, 두 변수 간에는 비선형 관계(non-linear)가 있음이 밝혀졌다. 즉 점포혼잡을 크게 지각할수록 쇼핑만족은 더 크게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구가 기존의 연구와 다른 차별점은 이들 간의 관계에서 지각된 혼잡의 역할을 중점적으로 분석하였다는 점이다. 본 연구는 점포이미지가 쇼핑만족에 미치는 직접효과도 분석하였다. 즉 소비자가 지각하는 점포에 대한 이미지가 쇼핑가치를 매개하지 않고 쇼핑만족에 직접 영향을 주는가를 분석하였다. 분석결과, 점포분위기와 판매원서비스가 쇼핑만족에 직접 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 실무적 시사점, 연구의 한계 및 향후의 연구방향 등에 대해 기술하였다.