• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.87-95
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• 2015

Aldo Van Eyck and Herman Hertzberger explained 'In-between space' as an intermediate space between opposite elements such as whole and parts, inside and outside, open and close, central and decentral. From this idea, the meaning of 'in-between space' has developed and applied to works of Bernard Tschumi and Sou Fujimoto. In this study, the meaning of 'in-between space' was compared and analyzed based on two architects' works to reveal the design approach in terms of 'in-between space' Final Wooden House, N House, and Serpentine Gallery Pavilion among Sou Fujimoto's work were selected and Le Fresnoy, Lerner Student Center, and Acropolis Museum among Bernard Tschumi's work were selected to analyze. To understand their design approach, their works were compared and analyzed in architectural attitude, tools, construction style and the approach, concept, theme, relation, direction of in-between space. As a result, Sou Fujimoto uses 'in-between space' as a nebulous approach as intermediate space between opposite elements. For Bernard Tschumi, 'in-between space' is also an intermediate space to emphasize and make a tension between opposite elements. It is a method of solving the contradiction condition between old city environment and new architecture.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.19-35
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• 2009

Objectives : In the study on the waveform analysis of radial artery pulse diagnosis, we need to establish fundamentals of contemporary pulse diagnosis research. To achieve certain experimental basis on traditional pulse diagnosis, we have to research the differences of pulse waveform according to pressure (in 5 level) and position (Chon, Gwan, Cheok in radial artery). As a first step, in present thesis, we tried to find the differences of pulse waveform according to pressure. Methods and Results : In this research, we analyzed seven parameters of the waveform at five levels of pressure. The parameters are E(so called 'energy', a representative of pulse strength), h1(height of percussion wave) and h2(height of subincisura). The results were as follows. 1. When we analyzed the change of the waveform according to pressure in the left Gwan, E, hl, h2 and A differed between 1st and 2nd grade, between 1st and 3rd grade, between 1st and 4th grade, between 1st and 5th grade, between 2nd and 3rd grade, between 2nd and 5th grade, between 3rd and 5th grade and between 4th and 5th grade in 95% confidence interval. 2. And t2, t4 differed between 1st and 2nd grade, between 1st and 5th grade, between 2nd and 4th grade, between 2nd and 4th grade, between 2nd and 5th grade, between 3rd and 4th grade, between 3rd and 5th grade and between 4th and 5th grade in 95% confidence interval. 3. W differed between 1st and 3rd grade, between 1st and 4th grade, between 2nd and 3rd grade, between 2nd and 4th grade, between 2nd and 5th grade, between 3rd and 4th grade, between 3rd and 5th grade, and between 4th and 5th grade in 95% confidence interval. 4. And h2/h1 differed between 1st and 4th grade, between 1st and 5th grade, between 2nd and 4th grade, between 2nd and 5th grade, between 3rd and 4th grade & between 3rd and 5th grade in 95% confidence interval. 5. There were differences between 1st and 2nd grade & between 2nd and 5th grade in the case of t4/t2 in 95% confidence interval. And there were differences between 1st and 5th grade, between 3rd and 4th grade, between 3rd and 5th grade & between 4th and 5th grade in the case of W/A in 95% confidence interval. And were differences between 1st and 2nd grade, between 2nd and 3rd grade, between 2nd and 4th grade, between 3rd and 4th grade, between 3rd and 5th grade & between 4th and 5th grade in the case of A/E in 95% confidence interval. Conclusions : As mentioned above, we conclude that the waveform analysis according to five grade pressure in the left Gwan shows the difference of waveform in each grade pressure.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.23 no.1 s.40
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• pp.1-15
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• 1993

This study was undertaken to investigate the midline having the least difference between the right and left structures among the lines that had been used in the study of the craniomaxillofacial asymmetry. The sample of this study consisted of twenty six Korean girls(average 18.9 years old) having normal facial appearance and occlusion. On the frontal cephalometric films of the sample, we divided the whole craniomaxillofacial area into four portions, i.e., cranial, upper facial, lower facial, and dental portion. So, we have found the midlines having the least difference in the whole craniomaxillofacial area itself, and in the each divided four portions, furtherly in the other portions from aimed portion. The findings were as follow: 1. In the whole craniomaxillofacial area, the connecting line between crista galli and anterior nasal spine and the perpendicular bisecting line between right and left foramen rotundums were suitable for the midline. 2. In the cranial portion, established all six lines were suitable for midlines. In the other portions, the perpendicular bisection line between both condylion, the line passing the contact point between right and left mandibular central insisiors among the perpendicular lines between right and left mandibular central incisial tips were suitable midlines fer evaluating the asymmetry of cranial portion. 3. In the upper facial portion, the perpendicular bisecting line between right and left zygions was the most suitable midline. In the other portions, the line between the crista galli and the most superior point of the odontoid process, the perpendicular bisecting line between right and left gonions, the perpendicular bisecting line between right and left condylions, and perpendicular bisecting line between right and left foramens rotundum were suitable midlines for evaluating the asymmetry of the upper facial portion 4. In the dental portion, the perpendicular bisecting lines between right and left buccal cusps of both maxillary first molars and between right and left mandibular first molars were suitable midlines. In the other portions, the perpendicular bisecting line between right and left landmarks crossing the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone and orbit, the perpendicular bisecting line between right and left mental foramens, and the connecting line between crista galli and prosthion were suitable midlines for evaluating the asymmetry of dental portion. 5. In the lower facial portion, the perpendicular bisecting lines between right and left condylions and between right and left gonions were suitable midlines. In the other portions, the line between the crista galli and anterior nasal spine, the perpendicular bisecting line between right and left foramen rotundums, and the perpendicular bisecting lines between right and left buccal cusps of both mandibular first molars and between right and left maxillary first molars were suitable midlines for evaluating the asymmetry of the lower facial portion.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.123-135
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of family conflict and self-control on school maladjustments of early adolescents. Subjects of this study consisted 662 middle school students drawn from 4 middle schools in Cheong-ju city. The results of this study were as follows: First, younger students' maladjustment to teachers was influenced by variables such as school year, economic levels, conflict strength between parents, conflict settlement between parents, reliability between parents and children, communication between parents and children and self-control, etc. In other words, students' maladjustment to teachers was high at the students in the 2nd year rather than in the 1st year, low economic level, high conflict strength between parents that younger students perceived, low conflict settlement between parents, low reliability between parents and children, high hostility between parents and children and low self-control. Second, younger students' maladjustment to the class was influenced by variables such as gender, school year, economic levels, conflict strength between parents, reliability between parents and children, communication between parents and children, and self-control, etc. In other words, young students' maladjustment to the class was high at the 2nd year students rather than at the 1st year students, low economic level, high conflict strength between parents, low reliability between parents and children, poor communication between parents and children, and low self-control. Third, younger students' maladjustment to rules was influenced by variables such as school year, economic level, conflict level between parents, hostility between parents and children, and self-control, etc. In other words, younger students' maladjustment to rules was high at the 1st year students rather than the 2nd year students of middle school, low economic level, high conflict strength between parents, high hospitality between parents and children and low self-control, etc. Fourth, younger students' maladjustment to friends was influenced by variables such as conflict strength between parents, conflict settlement between parents, hospitality between parents and children, and self-control, etc. In other words, younger students' maladjustment to friends was high at high conflict strength between parents, low conflict settlement between parents, high hospitality between parents and children and low self-control, etc. In the study, self-control was found to be the most important variable at younger students' maladjustment to teachers, class and rules, etc, and conflict settlement between parents was found to be the most significant variable at younger students' maladjustment to friends.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.19-24
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• 1982

This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between the water resistance and the air permeability. The results are as follows; 1. In case of the water proofing fabrics, We cannot find that there is any relationship between the water resistance and the air permeability according to the kinds of finishing, while in case of the water repellent finished fabries, we can find that there is a correlationship between them, especially the hydrostatic pressure and the air permeability are found to have negative correlation. 2. In case of the water proofing fabrics, the relationship between the water resistance and the air permeability is not affected by the thickness of the fabrics. On the other hand, in case of the water repellent finished fabrics, the relationship between them is affected by the thickness of the fabrics. Especially, the relationship between the hydrostatic pressure and the air permeability as well as the relationship between the water repellency and the air permeability is effect much by the thickness of the fabrics, too. 3. In case of the water proofing fabrics, the relationship between the water resistance and the air permeability is not affected by fabric count. On the otherhand, in case of the water repellent finished fabrics, the relationship between them is affected by the fabric count. Especially, the relationship between hydrostatic pressure and the air permeability, and the relationship between the water proof and the air permeability are affected much by fabric count.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

In this paper, we collect and analyze the status of mobile phone applications (hereafter apps) in the healthcare and fitness category of the Apple iTunes App Store and Google Play Store. We determine the number of apps and analyze statistical aspects such as classifications, age rating, fees, and user evaluation of the popular items. As of September 30, 2013, there were 236 popular apps available from iTunes. Google Play offered 720 apps. We discover that apps for healthcare and fitness are diverse. Apps for physical exercise have the greatest popularity. The proportions of apps that are suitable for all ages among the Google and iTunes popular apps are 55.8% and 89.4%, respectively. The user evaluation of apps in iTunes is relatively less positive. We determine that the proportion of paid apps to free apps in Google is higher than that of the apps in iTunes. We perform hypothesis tests and find statistically significant differences in age rating and perceived satisfaction between the apps of the Apple iTunes App Store and Google Play Store. However, we find no meaningful differences in the classification and price of the apps between the two app stores. We perform hypothesis tests to verify the differences in age rating and perceived satisfaction between the paid and free apps within and across the Google Play Store and iTunes App Store. There are statistically significant differences in the age rating between the paid and free apps in the Google play store, between the Google free and iTunes free apps, between the Google paid and iTunes paid apps, between the Google free and iTunes paid apps, and between the Google paid and iTunes free apps. There are statistically significant differences in the perceived satisfaction between the Google free and iTunes free apps, between the Google paid and iTunes paid apps, between the Google free and iTunes paid apps, and between the Google paid and iTunes free apps.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.189-202
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• 2002

A study on reflective spectrum between In-Ceram alumina plate(IAP) and IPS empress 2 plate were carried out in order to determine the difference of reflective spectrum rates between materials and between thicknesses of materials(0.8mm, 1.0mm, 1.2mm) by visible wave. The rates are measured by spectrophotometer(Top scan model TC-1800). And an analysis of ANOVA and paired sample t-test were carried out. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The reflective rates of IAP and IPS increased slowly as visible wave spectrum increased. 2. The difference of reflective rates of IAP between 0.8mm and 1.0mm is significant but a little(less than 1%). The differences of reflective rates of IAP between 0.8mm and l.2mm and between 1.0mm and l.2mm are significant(8%, 10% ). 3. The differences of reflective rates of IPS between 0.8mm and 1.0mm and between 0.8mm and 1.2mm and between 1.0mm and 1.2mm are significant(0.06 %, 0.01 %, 2 %). 4. The differences of reflective rates of 0.8mm, 1.0mm between IAP and IPS are significant but a little(less than 0.9%, 0.5%). The difference of reflective rates of l.2mm between IAP and IPS is significant and larger than the other thicknesses relatively(7 %).

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.377-386
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• 2014

Objective: In this study, we used resting-state fMRI data to map differences in functional connectivity between a comprehensive set of 8 distinct cortical and subcortical brain regions in healthy controls and Internet addicts. We also investigated the relationship between resting state connectivity strength and the level of psychopathology (ex. score of internet addiction scale and score of Barratt impulsiveness scale). Background: There is a lot of evidence of relationship between Internet addiction and impaired inhibitory control. Clinical evidence suggests that Internet addicts have a high level of impulsivity as measured by behavioral task of response inhibition and a self report questionnaire. Method: 15 Internet addicts and 15 demographically similar non-addicts participated in the current resting-state fMRI experiment. For the connectivity analysis, regions of interests (ROIs) were defined based on the previous studies of addictions. Functional connectivity assessment for each subject was obtained by correlating time-series across the ROIs, resulting in $8{\times}8$ matrixs for each subject. Within-group, functional connectivity patterns were observed by entering the z maps of the ROIs of each subject into second-level one sample t test. Two sample t test was also performed to examine between group differences. Results: Between group, the analysis revealed that the connectivity in between the orbito frontal cortex and inferior parietal cortex, between orbito frontal cortex and putamen, between the orbito frontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex, between the insula and anterior cingulate cortex, and between amydgala and insula was significantly stronger in control group than in the Internet addicts, while the connectivity in between the orbito frontal cortex and insula showed stronger negative correlation in the Internet addicts relative to control group (p < 0.001, uncorrected). No significant relationship between functional connectivity strength and current degree of Internet addiction and degree of impulsitivy was seen. Conclusion: This study found that Internet addicts had declined connectivity strength in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and other regions (e.g., ACC, IPC, and insula) during resting-state. It may reflect deficits in the OFC function to process information from different area in the corticostriatal reward network. Application: The results might help to develop theoretical modeling of Internet addiction for Internet addiction discrimination.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.562-568
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• 2020

This study investigates the relationship between ultrasonic velocity and density in the direct method, the effect of distance between transducers in the indirect method, and the difference between the direct and indirect methods with transducers placed at a distance of 200 mm in nondestructive ultrasonic testing of spruce lumber. The direct method using 54 kHz ultrasonic transducers was applied to two planes, namely, radial section (LR) and tangential section (LT) of samples. The indirect method measurements were taken using the same transducers. Two velocities were measured at the top and bottom of the LT plane and at the two sides of the LR plane; the two values for each plane were averaged. The relationship between density and ultrasound velocity in the direct method demonstrated a positive correlation between the two variables. The difference between the two planes, LT and LR, was not statistically significant. Moreover, the distance between the transducers in the indirect method affected ultrasound velocity, with the ultrasonic velocity increasing as the distance between the transducers became larger. A transducer distance of 200 mm yielded a close approximation of the direct method results with a ratio of 0.87. Finally, no statistical evidence of a difference between the two planes in the indirect method was found. If the direct method, which requires access to two surfaces, is impractical, the indirect method can be applied.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.45-57
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• 2002

1. Purpose and Methode of study This study is that How to connect the characteristics of Sasang constitionion with Aptitude Test. To know the characteristics of each individual in modern times Generally, Psychological Aptitude Test is used. So, According to Sasang constitional groups classified with QSCC II, KIPAT occupation aptitude test ( total 55) and KAT-A aptitude test(total 260) was used. 2. Result of study 1) KIPAT occupation aptitude test rest of Sasang constitional groups Taeumin Group appeared high than another Group in investigative occupation and there is the significant difference between Taeumin Group and Soeumin Group Taeumin Group appeared high than another Group in technological occupation and there is the significant difference between Taeumin Group and Soyangin Group Taeumin Group appeared high than another Group in control aptitude and there is the significant difference between Taeumin Group and Soeumin Group Soyangin Group appeared high than another Group in instigation aptitude and progressive aptitude and there is the significant difference between Soyangin Group and Soeumin Group Soeumin Group appeared high than another Group in utility aptitude and there is the significant difference between Soeumin Group and Taeumin Group, between Soeumin Group and Soyangin Group. Soyangin Group appeared high than another Group in guilty conscience and there is the significant difference between Soyangin Group and Taeuwun Group. Soeumin Group appeared high than another Group in independence aptitude and there is the significant difference between Soeumin Group and Taeumin Group Taeumin Group appeared high than another Group in calculation ability and there is the significant difference between Taeunun Group and Soeumin Group 2) KAT-A aptitude test result of Sasang constitional groups Soyangin Group appeared high than another Group in vacabulary ability and there is the significant difference between Soyangin Group and Taeumin Group. When classified male and female, in the case of male, It showed that Soyangin Group is lower than Other Group in vacabulary ability and there is the significant difference between Soyangin Group and Taeumin Group , between Soyangin Group and Soeumin Group but there is no significant difference in the case of female.