• KSBB Journal
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.255-260
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• 2003

현재는 재조합 Erythropoietin의 생물학적 활성을 mouse를 이용한 in vivo bioassay로 실시하고 있으나, 이 방법의 여러가서 불편함으로 인하여, 이를 대체하기 위해 Ba/F3 세포주를 이용한 in vitro assay 방법을 확립하였으나, 위에 상술한 바와 같이 in vitro assay는 erythropoietin의 당분포에 의한 차이를 보이지 않게 때문에, 이를 보완하기 위해서는 in vivo bio-activity와 정량적인 상관관계가 있는 당단백질의 isoform 분석법인 Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) 와 sialic acid 함량 결과를 동시에 분석해야 했다. 위의 결과 sialic acid 함량은 erythropoietin 원액에서 10 mol/mol,EPO 이상의 sialic acid 함량을 가져야 되며, CZE 결과는 재조합 erythropoietin이 isoform 분포가 isoform 3의 경우 5.594～0.593％, isoform 4의 경우 31.598～11.704％, isoform 5의 경우 37.033～29.301％, isoform 6의 경우 27.837～18.807％, isoform 7의 경우 17.085～7.824％, isoform 8의 경우 7.642～1.964％을 보여줌과 동시에 isoform 4의 면적은 isoform 5의 면적보다 항상 작아야한다. 이상 두 가지 시험결과와 in vitro assay 결과를 combine해서 in vivo assay를 대체할 수 있다는 좋은 실험적 data를 얻었으므로 이상 위의 3가지 분석법을 활용한 combined in vitro bioassay 법의 기초를 확립하였다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

현재, 기능성 화장품 성분의 피부흡수에 대한 연구 보고가 부족하며, 인체에서의 in vivo 피부 흡수는 거의 보고된 바 없다. 본 연구에서는 in vivo 라만 분광 피부 측정기를 이용하여 대표적 기능성 화장품 8종 성분의 인체 표피 투과 데이터를 수집 및 분석하고, 이를 in vitro 결과와 비교하여 주요 성분의 피부 흡수 자료를 확보하였다. 그리고 본 연구에 사용한 성분의 피부 투과도 측정한 결과를 보면, in vitro 평가에서 ascorbyl-2-glucoside, retinol, retinyl palmitate, 그리고 kojic acid가 우수한 피부 투과율을 보였으며, in vivo 평가에서는 retinol, vitamin C, 그리고 arbutin 이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 반면, In vitro 평가와 in vivo 평가에서 가장 우수한 투과율을 보인 성분은 각각 ascorbyl-2-glucoside와 retinol이었다. 이러한 차이점은 in vitro 평가의 경우 무모생쥐 모델의 피부를 모두 관통하는 물질을 평가하였고, 라만 분광 피부 측정기의 경우는 표피의 각질층을 평가하였으므로 물질의 특성에 따라서 표피 및 진피층의 영향에 민감할 수 있기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 그리고 대부분 물질의 투과 장벽은 각질층이므로 각질층에서 물질 이동을 살펴보는 것이 의미 있다고 생각된다. 결론적으로, 본 연구에서는 라만 분광 피부 측정기를 이용하여 대표적 기능성 화장품 성분의 피부 흡수에 대한 기초적인 자료를 확보하였으며, 따라서 이들 자료는 추후 많은 연구에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1601-1602
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• 2011

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.727-732
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• 1994

식물플랑크톤의 엽록소 a 당 in vivo fluorescence 세기 (R)가 netplankton과 nanoplankton 사이에 차이가 있는지 남해에서 조사하였다. In vivo fluorescence (IVF)와 엽록소 a는 서로 다른 두 크기의 플랑크톤에서 자각 좋은 상관관계를 보였으나 비율 R은 netplankton과 nanoplankton 사이에 유의적으로 차이가 있었으며 nanoplankton의 R 값이 netplankton 보다 약 7배 높았다. 그러므로 IVF로 식물플랑크톤의 크기별 생물량을 측정할 때 R에 대한 식물플랑크톤 크기의 영향을 고려하여야한다.

• 환경생물
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.375-382
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• 2015

We discovered three soil ciliates of the class Colpodea-Colpoda henneguyi Fabre-Domergue, 1889; C. lucida Greeff, 1888; and Bursaria truncatella $M{\ddot{u}}ller$, 1773 from Obong-ri, Ayajin-ri and Elwang-ri (Korea), respectively. Colpoda henneguyi had the following features: often wider preorally than postorally, size in vivo $60-80{\mu}m{\times}50-70{\mu}m$; extrusomes indistinct in vivo, cylindroid approximately $1{\mu}m$ long; notches caused by deep diagonal groove; yellowish globules on the cortex of the cell; 10-12 postoral kineties; silverline system aspera-type. Colpoda lucida exhibited the following features: broadly reniform, size in vivo $70-90{\mu}m{\times}50-70{\mu}m$; conspicuous extrusomes, $3.5-5{\mu}m$ long in vivo, cylindroid to fusiform; 13-16 postoral kineties; silverline system cucullus-type. Bursaria truncatella had the following features: bursiform, size in vivo $300-470{\mu}m{\times}120-260{\mu}m$; macronucleus coiled with highly variable shapes, $600-1100{\mu}m{\times}30-40{\mu}m$ long in vivo; micronuclei 16-25 in number, approximately $4{\mu}m$ in diameter; extrusomes cylindroid, $3-4{\mu}m$ long in vivo. This is the first report of colpodean ciliates from Korea, and we describe these species based on observations of live and impregnated (protargol and silver nitrate impregnation) specimens.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.275-282
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• 1998

In order to develop a desirable in vitro release which correlates well with in vivo bioavailability, hollow type suppository containing Propranolol HCl(PPH) powder in the cavity and conventional type suppository with dispersed PPH in the base were prepared. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel as a base and PPH as a model drug were used for the preparation of suppository. The rates of drug release from the suppositories were studied by Paddle method, Muranish method, Dialysis tubing method and Rotating dialysis cell method. The release profiles from suppositories using the four different release tests were compared. After a rectal administration in rat, the mean $C_{max}$ of hollow type suppository was significantly lower than that of conventional type, but $T_{max}$, $AUC_{0{\to}12}$ and MRT of hollow type were significantly higher 1.6 times, 1.2 times and 1.9 times than those of conventional type, respectively. The computer program was used to simulate plasma concentration from in vitro released amounts of drug and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters. Based on comparison of the simulated bioavailability from computer program with experimental bioavailability in rat we have found out in vitro release test which correlates well with in vivo bioavailability. Our results have shown the best correlation between in vitro release and in vivo bioavailability in PPH-PVA hydrogel hollow type suppository for the paddle method and conventional type suppository for the rotating dialysis cell method. In this work we propose that PPH-PVA hydrogel suppository shows in vitro-in vivo correlation. This data should help to optimize the formulation of the drug and provide a basis for quality control procedures.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 1999

A red tide organism, Amphidinium carterae was incubated under different iron/chelator and nitrate concentrations to investigate the factors controlling the growth. The chelation capacity played a critical role in regulating the nitrate reductase (NR) activity and in vivo fluorescence of this organism. However, there was a significant difference between the NR activity and in vivo fluorescence in response to trace metals and chelator treatments. In vivo fluorescence was the highest in FeEDTA 10 ${\mu}$M treatments and the lowest in DTPA 10 ${\mu}$M treatments. This indicates that the availability of the trace metal is important in regulating the in vivo fluorescence of this photosynthetic microalgae In contrast, NR activity showed the highest values in trace metal enriched treatments, and trace metal + DTPA treatments showed fairly high NR activities. This suggests that DTPA treatment did not hinder the NR activity as much as it did in vivo fluorescence. In vivo fluorescence and NR activity increased with nitrate concentration of up to 50 ${\mu}$M and remained relatively constant or the rate of increase decreased above that concentration, indicating that initial nitrate concentration of higher than a certain level would not accelerate the growth of A. carterae. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the reason for the difference in timing sequence between the NR and in vivo fluorescence in response to different metal treatments and chelation capacity.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.85-90
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• 1983

There was a decrease in nitrate reductase activity (NRA) measured in vivo in rice roots (Oryza sativa cv. Tongil) grown in anaerobic culture solution. But it was reversed by addition of malonate to the in vivo nitrate reduction assay medium. Malonate increased the in vivo NRA during 2-5 hours incubation and decreased it in longer incubation hours. In vivo NRA was stimulated by addition of NaHCO3 to the assay medium, but not by Na2CO3. The stimulation of NRA by NaHCO3 was not observed in shoot removed rice roots. It is suggested that CO2 from NaHCO3 is carboxylated by phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase, results in increasing the malate contents in the roots, and stimulates the in vivo NRA. NADH needed in nitrate reduction is supported by malate oxidation. In rice roots, it seems probable that malate oxidation in the mitochondria is more important to nitrate reduction than malae oxidation in cytoplasm.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.599-605
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• 1995

The ultrastructures of in vitro-derived bovine blastocysts have been compared with those of blastocysts obtained from a superovulated cow. In vivo blastocysts obtained from the uterus showed well-differentiated features, while in vitro-derived embryos, which were developed from in vitro fertilized ovum, showed insufficient cellular organizations. In vitro-derived embryos contained many undefined cellular organizations in the perivitelline spaces compared with in vivo-derived blastocysts. Other features of in vivo and in vitro blastocysts were characterized by differential development of microvilli projection into blastocoele from the surface of the trophoblast cells. The conceivable reason for the difference between in vivo and in vitro developments of bovine embryos is that it is likely that in vitro culture system adopted in the present experiment may not be sufficient for better embryonic development.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2009

Historically, research in toxicology has utilized non-human mammalian species, particularly rats and mice, to study in vivo the effects of toxic exposure on physiology and behavior. However, ethical considerations and the overwhelming increase in the number of chemicals to be screened has led to a shift away from in vivo work. The decline in in vivo experimentation has been accompanied by an increase in alternative methods for detecting and predicting detrimental effects: in vitro experimentation and in silico modeling. Yet, these new methodologies can not replace the need for in vivo work on animal physiology and behavior. The development of new, non-mammalian model systems shows great promise in restoring our ability to use behavioral endpoints in toxicological testing. Of these systems, the zebrafish, Danio rerio, is the model organism for which we are accumulating enough knowledge in vivo, in vitro, and in silico to enable us to develop a comprehensive, high-throughput toxicology screening system.