• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.1095-1101
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• 2011

Scutellariae Radix has been used as a traditional medicine for anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic function. But most study methods were restricted to in vitro and in vivo. Therefore to perform for clinical trials further for a new natural drug development is necessary and this study will be used as a basis for it. The studies selected from domestic academic database included the following key words; '황금', '黃芩', 'skullcap', 'Scutellariae Radix', 'scutellaria baicalensis' and considered were those published from 1990 to July, 2011. All 1080 studies were found to include the keywords related to the study subjects either in their title of contents or abstracts. and 298 studies were finally selected as subjects for this study. 243 studies among 293 studies were published between 2000 to 2011. Classification was proceeded according to study subjects as followed; anti-Inflammatory effect and antiallergic and antihistamin effect(66), antibacterial and antivirus effect(61), antioxidant effect(51), neuronal cell apoptosis and neuronal cell protective effect(22), liver cell protective effect(20). According to method type of study, 194 studies practicing in vitro, 60 studies practicing in vivo, 37 studies practicing in both. and 5 studies on documentary records. Most study methods were restricted in vitro and in vivo. For developmenting of function of anti-inflammatory effect and antiallergic, antihistamin effect & atopic dermatitis effect, antibacterial and antivirus effect, antioxidant effect, case report on various fields and multicenter clinical trials is necessary.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.457-462
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• 2002

Oregonin, a diarylheptanoid derivative from Alnus hirsuta Turcz, Betulaceae, was evaluated for its antitumor activity. Oregonin, known to have an antitumor function, and is a novel immunomodulator, which may augment macrophage activity. MTT assays and NO production tests were performed in order to investigate the cytotoxicity of oregonin in tumor cells and to examine its influence on macrophage in detail. In this study, the tumoricidal activity was also evaluated by a MTT assay. The cytotoxicity measurements in the oregon in-treated group both in vitro and in vivo showed a significant difference from that of the control group. In vivo, oregonin significantly increased NO production in a dose-dependent manner, and in vitro, the thioglycolate-induced inflammatory macrophages increased NO production in a dose-dependent manner after incubation. These results suggest that oregonin reacts with both the inflammatory and non-inflammatory macrophages in a similar way.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 1995

Seungmagalgeuntang-gamibang has long been known to have anti-allergic effect. However, the mechanism of action of Seungmagalgeuntang-gamibang is not well investigated. The author analysed the effects of Seungmagalgeuntang-gamibang on the vascular permeability, delayed-type and contact hypersensitivities, and phagocytic function, the results obtained are as follows: 1. Administration of Seungmagalgeungtang-gamibang decreased the vascular permeability induced by serotonin in the mouse. 2. Administration of Seungmagalgeuntang-gamibang decreased the vascular permeability induced by histamine without statistical significant. 3. Administration of Seungmagalgeuntang-gamibang decreased the delayed-type hypersensitivity induced by sheep red blood cells. 4. Administration of Seungmagalgeungtang-gamibang decreased the contact hypersensitivity induced by dinitrochlorobenzene. 5. Seungmagalgeungtang-gamibang increased the phagocytic-activities of macrophages in vitro and in vivo. 6. Seungmagalgeungtang-gamibang enhanced the formation of reactive oxygen intermediates in vitro and in vivo. The above results demonstrate that Seungmagalgeuntang-gamibang suppresses the hypersensitivity reactions with increasing the phagocytic functions and formations of reactive oxygen intermediates from macrophages.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2004

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) has been used as a raw material in many traditional preparations since the ancient time. As a component of traditional health products, Ginger is known to be effective as appetite enhancer, anticold and anti-inflammation. This study was performed to investigate the immunomodulative effects of Ginger in mouse, using in vitro and ex vivo experiments. In vitro experiment, the mice splenocytes proliferation and three kinds of cytokines (IL-1 $\beta$, IL-6, and TNF-$\alpha$) prodution by peritoneal macrophages cultured with ethanol and water extracts of Ginger were used to indicate the immunomodulative effect. In order to elucidate the immunomodulative effects of Ginger ex vivo, water extract of Ginger was orally administrated into mice, and isolated splencytes and macrophages were used as experimental model. Ex vivo experiment, six to seven week old mice were fed ad libitum on a chow diet, and water extract of finger was orally administrated every other day for four weeks at two different concentractions (50 and 500 mg/kg B.W./day). In vitro study, the splenocytes proliferation was increased when water extract was supplemented in the range of 50-500 $\mu$l/ml concentration. In case of cytokines production, IL-1 $\beta$, IL-6 and TNF-$\alpha$ released by activated peritoneal macrophages were augmented by the supplementation of water extract of the Ginger. Ex vivo experiment, the highest proliferation of splenocytes and production of cytokines by activated peritoneal macrophages were seen in the mice orally administrated at the concentration of 500 mg/kg B.W./day. In conclusion, this study suggests that Ginger extracts may enhance the immune function by regulating the splenocytes proliferation and enhancing the cytokine prodution capacity by activated macrophages in mice.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.197-197
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• 1992

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.517-529
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• 2020

Carboxyl-terminal binding proteins (CtBPs) are transcription regulators that control gene expression in multiple cellular processes. Our recent findings indicated that overexpression of CtBP2 caused the repression of multiple bone development and differentiation genes, resulting in atrophic nonunion. Therefore, disrupting the CtBP2-associated transcriptional complex with small molecules may be an effective strategy to prevent nonunion. In the present study, we developed an in vitro screening system in yeast cells to identify small molecules capable of disrupting the CtBP2-p300 interaction. Herein, we focus our studies on revealing the in vitro and in vivo effects of a small molecule NSM00158, which showed the strongest inhibition of the CtBP2-p300 interaction in vitro. Our results indicated that NSM00158 could specifically disrupt CtBP2 function and cause the disassociation of the CtBP2-p300-Runx2 complex. The impairment of this complex led to failed binding of Runx2 to its downstream targets, causing their upregulation. Using a mouse fracture model, we evaluated the in vivo effect of NSM00158 on preventing nonunion. Consistent with the in vitro results, the NSM00158 treatment resulted in the upregulation of Runx2 downstream targets. Importantly, we found that the administration of NSM00158 could prevent the occurrence of nonunion. Our results suggest that NSM00158 represents a new potential compound to prevent the occurrence of nonunion by disrupting CtBP2 function and impairing the assembly of the CtBP2-p300-Runx2 transcriptional complex.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.321-332
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• 2007

Objectives : Anticancer and immune-modulating effects of several Korean medical prescriptions including Yukgunja-tang, Bohwa-tang, Sogam-Won, and Kamiboa-tang were investigated. Methods : In vitro anti-cancer effects were measured by cytotoxicity MTT assay using SNU-1 gastric cancer cell lines, In vivo anti-cancer effects were measured by increased life span of S-180 sarcoma-injected ICR mouse. Immune-modulating effects were analyzed by measuring hemagglutinin titer, appearance of rosette forming cells, lymphocyte proliferation, and phagocytic index in methotrexate-pretreated mice. Results : In vitro assay showed that only Sogam-won showed cytotoxic effect with $IC_{50}$ of 87.9 ${\mu}g/ml$. All other prescriptions showed no cytotoxic effects against SNU-1 gastric cancer cell line. However, in vivo assay showed that Sogam-won showed lowest anti-cancer effects in contrast to its highest cytotoxic effects, Kamiboa-tang, which showed no cytotoxic effect, showed the highest in vivo anticancer effects, with increased life span of 140%. Kamiboa-tang showed significant immune-enhancing activities by significantly increasing rosette forming cells, lymphocyte proliferation, and phagocytic index in methotrexate-pretreated mice (P<0.05). Conclusion : The anticancer effect of Kamiboa-tang is not mediated by direct inhibition of cancer cells but is mediated by improving immune reactions against cancer cells.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.280-284
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• 2018

The incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is increasing rapidly in developed countries, with CVDs now representing the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Natural products and ethnomedicines have been shown to reduce the risk of CVDs. Garlic is a medicinal plant used throughout the world for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiplatelet activities. Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide obtained from chitin, and derivatives of chitosan have been shown to inhibit platelet aggregation and adhesion. We hypothesized that fermented preparations of these products may possess stronger antiplatelet effects than the non-fermented forms owing to the increased bioavailability of the bioactive compounds produced during fermentation. Therefore, we compared these compounds via in vitro and ex vivo platelet aggregation assays by using standard light transmission aggregometry and ex vivo granule secretions from rat platelets. We found that fermented preparations exerted more potent and significant inhibition of platelet aggregation both in vitro and ex vivo. Likewise, ATP release from dense granules of platelets was also significantly inhibited in fermented preparation-treated rat platelets compared to that in non-fermented preparation-treated ones. We concluded that fermented preparations exerted more potent effects on platelet function both in vitro and ex vivo, possibly as a result of the increased bioavailability of active compounds produced during fermentation. We therefore suggest that fermented products may be potent therapeutics against platelet-related CVDs and can be used as antiplatelet and antithrombotic agents.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.396-407
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• 2022

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) has a high morbidity and mortality worldwide. 20 (S)-ginsenoside Rh2 (G-Rh2) is a natural compound extracted from ginseng, which exhibits anticancer effects in many cancer types. In this study, we demonstrated the effect and underlying molecular mechanism of G-Rh2 in CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, cell cycle, and western blot assays were performed to evaluate the effect of G-Rh2 on CRC cells. In vitro pull-down assay was used to verify the interaction between G-Rh2 and Axl. Transfection and infection experiments were used to explore the function of Axl in CRC cells. CRC xenograft models were used to further investigate the effect of Axl knockdown and G-Rh2 on tumor growth in vivo. Results: G-Rh2 significantly inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion, and induced apoptosis and G₀/G₁ phase cell cycle arrest in CRC cell lines. G-Rh2 directly binds to Axl and inhibits the Axl signaling pathway in CRC cells. Knockdown of Axl suppressed the growth, migration and invasion ability of CRC cells in vitro and xenograft tumor growth in vivo, whereas overexpression of Axl promoted the growth, migration, and invasion ability of CRC cells. Moreover, G-Rh2 significantly suppressed CRC xenograft tumor growth by inhibiting Axl signaling with no obvious toxicity to nude mice. Conclusion: Our results indicate that G-Rh2 exerts anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo by suppressing the Axl signaling pathway. G-Rh2 is a promising candidate for CRC prevention and treatment.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.686-690
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• 2008

In vivo에서 8주간의 UVB 처리에 의해 유발되는 피부 장벽 기능 손상에 대한 커큐민의 보호 효능을 관찰한 결과, UVB에 의해 유도되는 경표피 수분손실량의 증가와 비정상적인 각질 세포의 증식이 커큐민의 섭취에 의해 억제됨을 확인하여 커큐민이 피부 장벽 손상을 방어하고 피부 장벽 기능이 정상적으로 작용할 수 있도록 도움을 주는 것을 알 수 있었다. 커큐민의 피부 장벽기능 보호 작용 기전을 살펴보기 위하여 각질형성세포주를 이용하여 피부 장벽 조절인자에 대한 커큐민의 작용을 평가한 결과 커큐민은 filaggrin과 SPT의 발현을 농도 의존적으로 증가시킴을 확인하였으며, 이를 통하여 커큐민이 각질형성세포의 정상적인 분화를 촉진하고 세라마이드 합성에 영향을 미침으로써 피부 장벽 기능을 강화하는 효능이 있음을 추정할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로부터 커큐민이 피부 장벽 보호 또는 개선 효능을 갖는 새로운 미용 식품 소재로써 이용 가능성이 높음을 알 수 있다. 다만 식품 소재로써 커큐민을 활용하기 위해서는 그간 보고된 커큐민의 낮은 bioavailability에 대한 연구를 참고하여 임상에서 유효한 용량을 설정하기 위한 연구가 더 이루어져야 할 것이다.