• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.615-634
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• 2006

Seismic response of the liquid storage tanks isolated by the elastomeric bearings and sliding systems is investigated under near-fault earthquake motions. The fault normal and parallel components of near-fault motion are applied in two horizontal directions of the tank. The continuous liquid mass of the tank is modeled as lumped masses known as sloshing mass, impulsive mass and rigid mass. The corresponding stiffness associated with these lumped masses has been worked out depending upon the properties of the tank wall and liquid mass. It is observed that the resultant response of the isolated tank is mainly governed by fault normal component with minor contribution from the fault parallel component. Further, a parametric study is also carried out to study the effects of important system parameters on the effectiveness of seismic isolation for liquid storage tanks. The various important parameters considered are: aspect ratio of tank, the period of isolation and the damping of isolation bearings. There exists an optimum value of isolation damping for which the base shear in the tank attains the minimum value under near-fault motion. The increase of damping beyond the optimum value will reduce the bearing and sloshing displacements but increases the base shear. A comparative performance of five isolation systems for liquid storage tanks is also studied under normal component of near-fault motion and found that the EDF type isolation system may be a better choice for design of isolated tank in near-fault locations. Finally, it is also observed that the satisfactory response can be obtained by analysing the base-isolated tanks under simple cycloidal pulse instead of complete acceleration history.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.343-350
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• 2008

Oroxylin A is a flavonoid isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis, which is one of the most important medicinal herbs in traditional Korean medicine. In this study, we investigated the psychopharmacological activities of oroxylin A using the open field, rota-rod, balanced wire and plus-maze tests in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto Rats (WKY). Oroxylin A reduced hyperactivity in SHR (ADHD animal model) although it tended to increase locomotor activity in WKY. Methylphenidate did not reduce hyperactivity. Oroxylin A alleviated impulsive behaviors such as rearing, the percentage of moving time to the central area and the tendency to move into an unstable condition (open area in elevated plus-maze). Methylphenidate also reduced the percentage of staying time in the central area and the tendency to move into an unstable condition. Both oroxylin A and methylphenidate enhanced motor attention in SHR and WKY. Oroxylin A antagonized the muscimol ($GABA_A$ receptor agonist)-induced $Cl^-$current and its action was similar to that of bicuculline ($GABA_A$ receptor antagonist). The effects of oroxylin A may be caused by the antagonism at the $GABA_A$ receptor. Thus, oroxylin A may be a candidate of drug for treatment of ADHD.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.107-121
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to offer basic data to adolescents' cosmetic culture by investigating and analysing the choices made by female students who have been becoming principle consumers of cosmetics these days. Firstly, social and cultural backgrounds and concepts of N generation, and then characteristics and influencing powers of female students were reviewed. And this study also included questionnaire surveys of 500 female students in middle and high schools located in Seoul. Data were processed using a SPSS$^+$ program and analyzed by using frequency, percentage and the $X^2$-test. The major findings run as follows: Female students have the effects of spreading their words quickly and abilities of making a decision what to buy. And they accept consuming behaviors itself as a part of cultural lives. Therefore, industries have acknowledged them as new principal consumers with a powerful influence in the market. They also play an important role in active consumer as emotional generation who has distinct personalities and prefer fashion trends, changes and innovations. They show conformities with their peer groups and they also want to identify themselves with characters or stars. The cosmetic behaviors of female students relating to demographic characteristics showed a significant relation to grades, majors, school groups and places of residence. Female students have a lot of interest and knowledge about cosmetics. And they use various cosmetic products. This study demonstrated the age for using make-up for the first time has been becoming younger more and more. Recently, female adolescents tend to use face powder, lip gloss, mascara and eye shadow. It is assumed that cosmetic purchases of female students can be considered as an impulsive aspects. However, before purchases, the proportion of students having any particular cosmetic brand in mind previously has been increasing. They take into consideration skin safety, the quality of product and color, when purchasing cosmetic products.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.1130-1147
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• 2014

Large size ships have a very flexible construction resulting in low resonance frequencies of the structural eigen-modes. This feature increases the dynamic response of the structure on short period waves (springing) and on impulsive wave loads (whipping). This dynamic response in its turn increases both the fatigue damage and the ultimate load on the structure; these aspects illustrate the importance of including the dynamic response into the design loads for these ship types. Experiments have been carried out using a segmented scaled model of a container ship in a Seakeeping Basin. This paper describes the development of the model for these experiments; the choice was made to divide the hull into six rigid segments connected with a flexible beam. In order to model the typical feature of the open structure of the containership that the shear center is well below the keel line of the vessel, the beam was built into the model as low as possible. The model was instrumented with accelerometers and rotation rate gyroscopes on each segment, relative wave height meters and pressure gauges in the bow area. The beam was instrumented with strain gauges to measure the internal loads at the position of each of the cuts. Experiments have been carried out in regular waves at different amplitudes for the same wave period and in long crested irregular waves for a matrix of wave heights and periods. The results of the experiments are compared to results of calculations with a linear model based on potential flow theory that includes the effects of the flexural modes. Some of the tests were repeated with additional links between the segments to increase the model rigidity by several orders of magnitude, in order to compare the loads between a rigid and a flexible model.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.59-63
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• 2018

Purpose - It has already been proved that 'mood' as the physical environment of shopping affects consumers' main sensory channels such as sight, hearing, smell, touch. However, there is no consensus on how the olfactory cue influences the customers in the shopping environment. In this study, we examine the previous studies on how the olfactory cue affects the customers in the shopping environment and present a clear direction as a suggestion for progressive research. Research design, data, and methodology - It is not important to use a lot of unconditional fragrance, but it should be exposed to the environment that suits the proper fragrance. In recent years, meaningful research on store fragrance has been slowly increasing. As a result, studies on the fragrance effects of retail stores have been conducted to verify the relevance of fragrance suitability in stores and consumer spending scale. Results - The fragrance appropriate for each store can not be uniformly specified as any fragrance. This is because external variables such as time, season, temperature, lighting, density of shoppers, and music in the store also affect customer evaluation. For example, using an unsuitable fragrance may encourage customers to leave the store quickly by restraining impulsive purchases or by disturbing concentration. The store manager should also be interested in using fragrances that are proven and effective in the store environment, but they should also have the ability to easily manipulate and manage the fragrances very appropriately according to changes in the store environment. Store managers should observe consumer preferences and responses according to their goals and strategies, and then systematically manage and store information about the fragrance appropriate to the store. Conclusions - In the future, the fragrance marketing researcher needs to consider the spatial form and density of the customer. In practice, managers operating a retail store should check the most appropriate store density(congestion) according to the size and spatial characteristics of the store and maintain the ideal conditions. To do this, it is necessary to pay attention to how to select and control sensory elements such as fragrance(olfactory), music(auditory), and lighting(visual).

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제32권5C호
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• pp.542-549
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• 2007

편미분 방정식을 도입하여 새로운 영상처리 기술을 개발하려는 연구가 활발히 진행 중이며, 특히 확산 방정식을 풀어 잡음 제거, 영상 복원, 에지 검출 및 영상 분할 등에 응용할 수 있는 이미지 확산 알고리즘에 관심이 높다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 비등방성 확산 방식이 결국은 커널 크기가 작은 적응 필터링 방식과 동일한 효과를 낸다는 것을 보이고, 확산 과정에서 선형 필터의 단점을 보완할 수 있도록 가중 미디언(WM, Weighted Median) 필터를 적용한 새로운 확산 기법을 제안하였다. 제안된 WM 필터가 비등방성 커널을 갖도록 필터계수에 대응하는 가중치들을 이미지의 국부적인 변화량에 따라 적응적으로 가변할 수 있는 기법을 제안하였다. 뿐만 아니라 반복 과정에서의 확산 속도를 증가할 수 있도록 커널의 크기를 증가시키기 위한 방안도 제시하였다. 실제 영상을 사용한 실험을 통하여 제안된 방식이 기존의 방식에 비해 잡음 제거 (특히 임펄스성 잡음) 특성이나 에지 보존 특성이 더 우수하다는 것을 보였다. 또한 기존의 방식에 비해 확장된 크기를 갖는 커널을 이용함으로써 확산 속도를 높일 수 있다는 것을 보였다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.325-343
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the results of a meta-analysis of impulsivity variables related to self-destructive behavior of South Korean adolescents. Methods: A meta-analysis was carried out according to the Cochrane guidelines criteria and the quality of the studies was evaluated using the JBI checklist. 2,333 studies were collected through the databases of RISS, KISS, and DBpia on 'impulsivity' published from 2000 to 2020. Self-destructive behavior-related variables were largely categorized into three areas (addiction, violence, and delinquency), and six subgroups. Results: Using the correlations with impulsivity in the final 53 papers, 231 self-destructive behavior-related variables were identified. The social delinquency showed the closest relationship with impulsivity (ES=0.34, 95% CI: 0.23~0.43, p<.001), followed by addictive behavior (ES=0.28, 95% CI: 0.24~0.32, p<.001), personal delinquency (ES=0.28, 95% CI: 0.23~0.32, p<.001), violence against others, violence against self, and substance addiction. These effects were identified as ranging from magnitudes of 0.23 to 0.27 based on the criteria of Cohen. Conclusion: To improve the reliability of the results of meta-analysis, more studies on the impulsivity of adolescents should be carried out so that the results can be accumulated, and the effectiveness can be examined in-depth later.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권4B호
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• pp.413-420
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• 2006

연안역에 설치되는 구조물로서 경관이나 해수 교환면에서 높은 기능을 가지고 있는 수중방파제의 건설이 증가하고 있다. 수중방파제의 경우, 천단이 정수면 아래에 위치하기 때문에 소형선박의 항해에 대한 표식으로서 일반적으로 부이가 많이 이용되고 있으나, 경관면 뿐만 아니라 쇄파파력에 의한 계류시스템의 파단과 같은 문제점이 지적되고 있다. 이로 인해, 최근에는 계류부이방식 대신에 자연에 가까운 경관을 창조할 수 있는 표식암을 이용하는 경우가 늘고 있으며, 이러한 표식암에 작용하는 파력의 정확한 예측은 설계 시 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 불규칙 파동장을 대상으로 표식암에 작용하는 파력특성을 수리모형실험에 근거하여 검토하였다. 무차원 파력은 수중방파제상의 표식암 설치위치가 연안측으로 이동함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 또한, Morison식을 이용하여 얻어진 항력계수와 관성력계수의 변동특성이 K.C.수의 변화와 연관되어 논의되었다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.291-301
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• 2015

본 연구는 피학대 아동을 위한 중재방법으로 미술치료를 실시하였으며 미술치료전문가와 아동학전문가가 공동으로 참여하여 미술활동이 아동 행동에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 하는 목적에서 시도되었다. 연구대상자는 00시 00그룹 홈 초등학생 4명으로 2013년 9월부터 2014년 8월까지 주 1회 60분간 48회기 적용하였다. 미술치료효과를 분석하기 위해 연구자들은 매 회기마다 치료적 목표와 함께 대상자들의 정서적 반응과 태도 행동들을 기록하였고 행동변화에 대한 타당도검증을 위해 CDI, TAIC, SAIC, 자아상척도 검사를 실시하였다. 척도는 사전측정(2013년 9월)과 사후측정(2014년8월)하였다. 척도의 신뢰도검사를 위해 SPSS 21.0프로그램을 사용하였다. 연구문제에 대한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학대받은 아동들은 작품에서 그들의 정서상태를 표현했고 행동이 변화하였고 친구관계가 향상되었다. 둘째, CDI, STAIC(TAIC, SAIC)서 우울과 불안에 대한 사후검사결과가 사전 검사결과보다 낮았다. 셋째, 자아상 검사결과 사후검사결과가 사전검사결과보다 높았다. 즉 아동들은 충동적 행동이 감소했고 가족, 친구들과 우호적 관계를 유지하였다. 위탁양육자는 아동들을 잘 이해할 수 있었고 그래서 양육의 어려움이 감소하였다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.383-390
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• 2020

유연한 지반에 놓인 액체저장탱크의 지진 거동은 유체-구조물-지반 상호작용에 의해 복잡하게 나타나므로, 이 시스템의 지진응답과 피해를 정확하게 예측하기 위해서는 이를 엄밀히 고려하여야 한다. 이 연구에서는 유체-구조물-지반 상호작용을 엄밀히 고려하여 유연한 지반에 놓인 직사각형 액체저장탱크의 지진응답 해석을 수행하고 그 응답 특성을 분석하고자 한다. 이를 위해 지진하중 작용 시 발생하는 유체의 동수압력 및 지반과 구조물 간의 상호작용력을 유한요소 기법을 사용하여 산정한다. 이때, 반무한 지반에서의 에너지 방사를 고려하기 위해 mid-point integrated finite element와 점성 감쇠기를 사용하여 지반 원역의 거동을 모사한다. 이와 같이 산정된 동수압력과 지반-구조물 상호작용력을 구조물의 유한요소에 작용시킨다. 자유장 해석을 통하여 입사 지진파에 의한 유효 지진력을 산정한다. 유연한 지반에 놓인 직사각형 액체저장탱크의 지진응답 해석을 통하여 지반-구조물 상호작용의 효과로 인해 시스템 응답의 변화가 다양하게 나타남을 확인할 수 있다. 그러므로, 유연한 지반에 놓인 직사각형 액체저장탱크의 내진설계를 수행하거나 내진성능을 검토할 때는 유체-구조물-지반 상호작용을 엄밀히 고려하여야 할 것이다.