• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.735-742
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• 2023

Background: Gintonin is a new material of ginseng that acts through the ginseng-derived lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand. The gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF) inhibits amyloid plaque accumulation in the cortex and hippocampus, improves cognitive dysfunction by increasing acetylcholine levels, and promoted hippocampal neurogenesis in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease. We evaluated the effect of the GEF on the cognitive performance of subjects with subjective memory impairment (SMI). Methods: In this eight-week, randomized, assessor- and participant-blinded, placebo-controlled study, participants with SMI were assigned to three groups receiving placebo, GEF 300 mg/day or GEF 600 mg/day. The Korean versions of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (K-ADAS), Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), and Stroop color-word test (K-SCWT) were also evaluated along with the safety profiles. Results: One hundred thirty-six participants completed the study. After eight weeks, we analyzed intergroup differences in primary or secondary outcome score changes. When we compared the GEF group with the placebo group, we observed significant improvements in the K-ADAS and K-SCWT scores. The GEF group did not show a significant improvement in K-MMSE and BDI scores compared to the placebo group. No adverse events were observed in the gintonin and placebo groups for eight weeks. Conclusion: The GEF is safe and effective in improving subjective cognitive impairment related to both the K-ADAS and K-SCWT in this study. However, further large-scale and randomized controlled studies are warranted to secure other cognitive function tests besides the K-ADAS and K-SCWT, and to confirm the findings of the current study.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:데이타베이스
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.516-526
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• 2004

주기억장치 데이타베이스(Main-Memory DataBase : MMDB) 시스템은 데이타의 모든 부분이 주기억장치에 상주하는 데이타베이스 시스템으로 트랜잭션의 연산 작업중 데이타로 인한 디스크 입출력이 발생하지 않아 기존의 디스크 기반 데이타베이스 시스템에 비해 월등히 향상된 시스템 성능을 가진다. 이러한 MMDB시스템에서 트랜잭션 완료를 위한 디스크 로깅은 필수 불가결한 요소인 한편 트랜잭션수행 과정중 유일한 디스크 작업이 되어 트랜잭션 전체 수행 시간의 많은 부분을 차지하게 되므로 시스템전체 성능을 위해서는 완료 과정의 개선이 아주 중요한 연구 과제가 된다. 로깅 과정의 개선책으로는 여러 방안이 제안되고 있으며, 어떠한 하드웨어를 가정하지 않는 완료과정 개선책중 대표적인 것으로 선-완료(pre-commit)프로토콜과 그룹 완료(group commit) 프로토콜을 들 수 있다. 그러나, MMDB시스템에이 프로토콜들을 적용하여 성능 변화를 분석한 연구는 아직까지 미미한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 그룹 완료 프로토콜을 자료 경쟁 수준을 고려하지 않고 MMDB 시스템에 적용할 때 교착 상태가 발생 가능함을 밝히고, 실시간으로 다양하게 변하는 자료 경쟁 수준을 가지는 MMDB 시스템에 적합한 그룹 완료 프로토콜인 디스크 그룹 프로토콜 방식을 제안하였다. 그리고, 실질적이고 구체적인 모의실험을 실시하여 그룹완료 프로토콜은 MMDB 시스템의 성능을 위해 효과적인 개선 방식이며, 본 논문에서 제안한 디스크 그룹완료 프로토콜은 시스템의 자료 경쟁 수준을 반영할 필요 없이 항상 우수한 성능을 가짐을 보였다. 또한 선-완료 프로토콜은 단독으로 쓰일 때는 시스템 성능이 개선되지 않으며, 그룹 완료 프로토콜의 보조 수단으로 적용될 때에만 시스템 성능 개선에 효과적임을 밝혔다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.39-51
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• 1999

The effects of Hyangbujapalmultang on the enhancement of learning and memory of AD model rats were studied with Morris water maze. Sample group was electrolytically lesioned on nucleus basalis of Meynert(nbM), and then daily treated with the medicine for two months. Control group with nbM lesion, and sham group with the sham operation were treated the vehicle for the same duration. The following results were observed. 1. As the learning trials of Morris water maze were proceeded, sham group showed the escape latency from $54.7{\pm}2.28$ seconds in 1st trial to $13.3{\pm}3.27$ seconds in 7th. The control group showed the escape latency from $58.0{\pm}1.78$ seconds in 1st trial to $51.3{\pm}3.52$ seconds in 7th. The sample group showed the escape latency from $57.0{\pm}2.21$ seconds in 1st trial to $28.4{\pm}4.82$ seconds in 7th. Therefore, these data shows that all three groups were improved in learning capacity as trials were proceeded, but the sample group showed more prominent improvement in learning compared with the control group(p<0.05). 2. In memory retention test of Morris water maze that counts the staying time in the target area during 30 seconds of freely swimming period, sham group stayed for $4.81{\pm}1.15$ seconds, the control group stayed for $1.27\pm}0.78$ seconds, and the sample group stayed for $4.17{\pm}1.47$ seconds. The analysis of the memory retention data shows that the sample group marked more improvement in memory retention compared with the control group, but could not obtained statistically significant result(p<0.05). With the experimental results above, Hyangbujapalmultang can be supposed to have the improving effects on the learning of AD model rats induced by electrolytic lesion of nbM.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제9궈1호
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• pp.1-24
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• 1998

The effects of Hyungbangjiwhangrang on the enhancement of learning and memory of AD model rats were studied with Morris water maze and radial arm maze. Sample group was electrolytically lesioned on nbM, and then daily treated with the medicine for two months. Control group with nbM lesion, and sham group with the sham operation were treated the vehicle for same duration. The following results were observed.1. As the learning trials of Morris water maze processed repeatedly, sham group achiened 201.64${\pm}$33.13 seconds in 1st trial, 153.14${\pm}$61.80 seconds in 2nd, 106.21${\pm}$46.81 seconds in 3rd, 76.64${\pm}$48.40 seconds in 4th, and 52.29${\pm}$38.25 seconds in 5th. The control group achieved 224.08${\pm}$29.16 in 1st trial, 191.77${\pm}$67.97 seconds in 2nd, 177.77${\pm}$65.44 seconds in 3rd, 140.92${\pm}$68.27 seconds in 4th, and 126.46${\pm}$79.15 seconds in 5th. The sample group achieved 223.36${\pm}$23.33 seconds in 1st trial, 215.86${\pm}$38.93 seconds in 2nd, 190.79${\pm}$51.57 seconds in 3rd, 155.79${\pm}$62.67 seconds in 4th, and 127.93${\pm}$62.11 seconds in 5th. Therefore, these data shows that all three groups were improved in learning capacity as trials were repeated, but the shame group showed prominent improvement in learning compared with the control group(p<0.05).2. In memory retention test of Morris water maze that counts the staying time in the target area, sham group stayed for 15.36${\pm}$5.39 seconds, the control group stayed for 5.54${\pm}$5.64 seconds, and the sample group stayed for 7.43${\pm}$6.09 seconds. The analysis of the memory retention data shows that the sham group marked more significant improvement stati- stically in memory retention compared with the control group(p<0.05).3. In the learning of radial arm maze, the number and rate of animals that arrive the learning criteria amounted 12 out of 14, 85.7% in sham group, 4 out of 13, 30.8% in the control group, and 10 out of 14, 71.4% in the sample group So, the sample group shows better learning capacity significantly compared with the control group(p<0.05). With the experimental results above, Hyungbangjiwhangtang can be supposed to have the improving effects on the learning and memory of AD rats induced by eletronical injury of nbM.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제24권12A호
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• pp.1922-1931
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• 1999

멀티캐스트 트래픽의 특징은 한 노드에서 특정 다수노드로 셀을 전송하는 방법으로써 ATM 스위치의 중요한 기능으로 부각되고 있다. 그러나, 기존에 나와 있는 point-to-point 스위치로 멀티캐스트 기능을 수행할 경우 멀티캐스트 셀 뿐만 아니라 유니캐스트 셀도 복사망을 통과하게 되어 복사망에서 추가적인 부하가 발생된다. 이 추가적인 부하로 인하여 멀티캐스트 셀이 다른 셀과의 충돌로 셀이 손실되는 데드락 현상이 발생하여 전체 스위치 성능을 현저히 감소시킨다. 또한 입력 저장 스위치 (Input queued switch)구조는 전체 스위치의 성능을 저하시키는 HOL 블록킹(blocking)의 단점을 가지고 있다. 제안한 스위치 구조는 HOL 블록킹 및 데드락 현상을 줄이기 위하여 공유 메모리 스위치를 이용하였다. 스위치의 복잡도와 셀 처리 시간을 줄이고 처리율(throughput)의 향상을 위해 셀 형태에 따라 분리해서 경로 배정하는 방식과 제어부에서 최대 2N개의 셀들을 동시에 처리하는 스케줄링 기법을 이용하였다. 또한 특정 포트로 트래픽이 밀집되었을 때 발생하는 손실률을 줄이기 위하여 출력 메모리를 이용하였으며 메모리 효율성 향상을 위하여 입력 셀의 ?'?형태에 따라 셀들을 분리 저장하는 방식과출력 메모리에서 일정 시간이 지난 셀을 폐기하는 방식을 이용하였다. 제안한 스위치의 분석을 위하여 마코흐(Markov) 체인을 이용한 성능 해석을 실시하였고 버스트(burst) 트래픽 조건에서의 모의 실험을 통하여 제안한 방식과 기존의 방식간의 성능을 비교, 분석하였다.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.627-633
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• 2019

본 연구는 지역사회 노인을 대상으로 컴퓨터 기반 인지재활 프로그램 적용 시 백색소음이 기억력과 주의력에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 지역사회에 거주하는 70세 이상 노인 30명을 대상으로 연구를 진행하였다. 컴퓨터 기반 인지재활 프로그램은 COMCOG를 이용하여 총 6주간, 주 3회 30분의 프로그램으로 구성하였다. 기억력 및 주의력이 변화를 알아보기 위해 전산화 신경인지 기능 검사를 실시하였다. 기억력과 주의력은 실험군과 대조군 모두 실험 전에 비해 실험 후 향상되었음을 알 수 있었으며, 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내었다(p<.05). 실험 후 집단 간 비교 검사 결과, 대조군과 실험군에 차이를 나타내었다. 기억력 검사에서는 역방향 시공간 폭 검사를 제외한 나머지 검사에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내었으며(p<.05), 주의력 검사에서는 청각적 연속수행 및 시각적 연속수행 검사의 정반응 수에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내었다(p<.05). 이상의 결과를 통해 컴퓨터 인지재활 프로그램이 노인의 기억력과 주의력 향상에 효과적이며, 백색소음 환경은 프로그램을 수행하는데 더욱 집중할 수 있도록 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2012

반도체 집적 기술의 발전은 단위 면적당 더 많은 캐쉬 메모리를 프로세서 내에 적재할 수 있도록 하였으나, 이로 인하여 프로세서는 소프트 에러에 대해 더 취약해지는 추세이며, 이는 설계 고려사항 중 신뢰성의 비중이 점점 더 커짐을 의미한다. 본 연구에서는 캐쉬 메모리 계층 중 소프트 에러에 가장 취약한 Last Level Cache에 대하여 낮은 에너지 소모와 공간 오버헤드를 갖는 저비용의 신뢰성 향상 기법에 대하여 제안하고 실험하였다. 실험 결과 소프트 에러에 대해 95.4%의 높은 에러 보호율을 보였으며, 성능은 단지 0.26%이하로 저하되었다. 또한 추가적인 에너지는 2.96%만 요구되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.1158-1163
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• 1999

The purpose of this research is to measure nutrition counseling effects for improving iron status. The major components of the nutrition counseling were iron, MPF(Meat, Poultry, Fish) and vitamin C rich diet therapy, the provision of nutrient supplements and eatting attitude education. Fifteen female volun teers participated and the mean level for hemoglobin(Hgb), hematocrit(Hct), serum iron(S Fe), total iron binding capacity(TIBC), serum ferritin(SF) of subjects was 11.9±1.3g/dl, 37.0±2.7%, 57.7 ±33.9 g/dl, 409.1±56.2 g/dl, 8.6±3.5ng/ml, respectively. To evaluate the effect of iron status improvement by the nutrition couseling, 10 subjective symptoms, hematological indice and eating attitude were measured after implementation the nutrition counseling. Some subjective symptoms such as 'cold hands and foot', 'slow to recover', 'reduced concentrate', 'poor memory', 'inflammed inner mouth' were improved significantly. The hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean cell volume(MCV), mean cell hemoglobin(MCH) and mean cell hemo globin concentration(MCHC) were increased significantly. And eating attitude was improved significantly as well. It is suggested from the results that the nutrition counseling of this study can be effective to improve iron status.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.1649-1665
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• 2021

In view of the low accuracy of the traditional FunkSVD algorithm, and in order to improve the computational efficiency of the algorithm, this paper proposes a parallel algorithm of improved FunkSVD based on Spark (SP-FD). Using RMSProp algorithm to improve the traditional FunkSVD algorithm. The improved FunkSVD algorithm can not only solve the problem of decreased accuracy caused by iterative oscillations but also alleviate the impact of data sparseness on the accuracy of the algorithm, thereby achieving the effect of improving the accuracy of the algorithm. And using the Spark big data computing framework to realize the parallelization of the improved algorithm, to use RDD for iterative calculation, and to store calculation data in the iterative process in distributed memory to speed up the iteration. The Cartesian product operation in the improved FunkSVD algorithm is divided into blocks to realize parallel calculation, thereby improving the calculation speed of the algorithm. Experiments on three standard data sets in terms of accuracy, execution time, and speedup show that the SP-FD algorithm not only improves the recommendation accuracy, shortens the calculation interval compared to the traditional FunkSVD and several other algorithms but also shows good parallel performance in a cluster environment with multiple nodes. The analysis of experimental results shows that the SP-FD algorithm improves the accuracy and parallel computing capability of the algorithm, which is better than the traditional FunkSVD algorithm.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.98-102
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• 2024

Background: Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is a perennial plant belonging to the Araliaceae family that is known to have various beneficial effects including improving memory loss and spatial cognitive ability, and anti-cancer and anti-diabetes activity. Its functional benefits also include improving liver function, regulating blood pressure, stress, and providing antioxidant activity. Usually, various agrochemicals are used in cultivating ginseng preventing from many diseases. Methods: FCGP (field cultivated ginseng in pot) was implemented by imitating MCWG (mountain cultivated wild ginseng). Pesticide analysis of pot cultivation was carried out and the contents of bioactive components such as ginsenoside were also analyzed. Results: FCGP ginsenoside content was higher than that of FCG (field cultivated ginseng) and MCWG. FCGP has been shown to have a relatively high antioxidant effect compared with cultivated ginseng. Conclusion: It was confirmed that ginseng can be grown for 6 years without resorting to use of pesticides. In addition, it was confirmed that effective accumulation of physiologically active ingredients such as ginsenoside is possible. Our result represents FCGP is a novel method of pesticide-free ginseng cultivation