• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.56-60
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• 2005

The aim of this study researchs status of the nutrient intake between male and female students and the nutrient intake by BMI. This study was done to investigate the body composition and nutrient intakes of 340 college students (170 males, 170 females) in Gyeonggi area. Weight, height, BMI, and blood pressure of these college students were measured Nutrient intake was assessed using the 24-hour recall method, and then calculated using the nutritional evaluation program [CAN Pro 2.0 professional (Korean Nutrition Society, 2002)]. Average height and weight were 176$\pm$5.1 cm, 70.60$\pm$l.l kg in male students and 162.2/$\pm$4.5 cm, 54.4$\pm$7.7 kg in female students respectively. Subjects were divided into three groups by BMI: underweight (less than 18.5), normal weight (18.5 to less than 23), and overweight (more than 23). The ratios of male and female subjects among these groups were 5.3% and 17.6% in underweight, 50% and 65.3% in normal weight, and 44.7% and 17.2% in overweight. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 124.0$\pm$1.5 mmHg and 76.1$\pm$14.8 mmHg in males and 1l0.l$\pm$12.9 mmHg and 70.l$\pm$10.8 mmHg in females, all in the normal range. Using nutrient values of the 7th Recommended Dietary Allowanes, the nutrient intake was calculated to Korean RDA (%). Nutrients below 75% Korean RDA were Calcium, Vitamin $B_2$, and Folate and nutrients above 100% RDA were Protein, Fe, Phosphorous, and Vitamin $B_6$. BMI showed positive correlations with body fat (%)(p<0.01) and WHR (p<0.01). Nutritional education is desirable for the improvement of dietary behaviors, body composition and nutrient intake of college students.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a exercise combined with nutritional education for improving metabolic risk factor and dietary intakes in obese middle aged women. 35 obese (body mass index of at least ≥ 25 kg/m² or %body fat ≥ 30%) middle aged women were recruited from public health center. For intervention participants, their height, weight, percentage of body fat, waist circumference, blood pressure, lipid profiles, insulin resistance index, and nutrition intakes were measured at before and after post the intervention. And change of the total energy intakes per week was measured during intervention. The subjects underwent a 12 weeks educational program including nutritional education one day per week and, aerobic exercise 3 days per week (walking). After 12 weeks exercise program combined with nutritional education, body weight (p=0.002), percentage of body fat (p<0.001), BMI (p<0.001), waist circumference (p<0.001), WHR (p=0.004), TC (p=0.004), AI (p=0.006), DBP (p=0.010), MAP (p=0.013), glucose (p=0.018), insulin (p=0.003), HOMA-IR (p<0.001) were significantly decreased and cardiorespiratory fitness was significantly (p<0.001) increased. And energy intake was significantly (p<0.001) decreased and nutritional intake and intake-style were improved through 12 weeks exercise program combined with nutritional education.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.178-183
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• 2002

A high molecular ar weight water-soluble chitosan (WSC) with an average molecular weight of 300 kD and a deacethylation level of over 90% was produced using a simple multi-step-membrane separation process. It is known that WSC prevents obesity induced by a high-fat diet. Consequently, this study investigated whether or not WSC improved the ovarian dysfunction caused by obesity in mice. The mice were fed a high density protein and lipid diet for weeks, followed by the administration of WSC at 480 mg/kg body weight per day for 4 days. Thereafter, the changes in body weight, ovulation rate, in vivo and in vitro fertilization and emboryonic development were measured . WSC markedly reduced the body weight of obese mice fed with a high-fat diet, but not in mice fed with a normal diet. WSC had siginificant effects on the ovulation rate, both the in vivo and in vitro fertilization rates and embryonic development. These results indicate an improvement in the ovarian and oviduct dysfunction caused by obesity, and suggest an adjustment in the internal secretions and metabolic functions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.532-539
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to determine age-related changes in the percentage content of edible and non-edible components in broiler chickens. The experimental materials comprised 240 Ross 308 chicks (sex ratio 1:1) raised to 10 weeks of age and fed standard diets ad libitum. Starting from the first week of rearing, every 7 days 10 males and 10 females were selected randomly for slaughter and post-slaughter analysis. The data obtained were verified statistically. The percentage content of edible components increased and the percentage content of non-edible parts decreased as the chicks grew older. In broilers aged 1 week and 10 weeks, edible components accounted for 47.0% and 66.4% total body weight, respectively. The share of muscle tissue increased considerably over this period, from 30.9% total body weight in week 1 to 52.4% in week 10. An increase in the percentage of skin and subcutaneous fat was observed for the first three weeks only, while the percentage content of giblets (in contrast to the remaining edible parts) decreased with age. For non-edible parts, the share of bones diminished by 2.5% and the proportion of slaughter offal reduced by 13.8%. A rising tendency was noted with respect to feathers and abdominal fat, while the content of the remaining offal decreased.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.125-141
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• 1998

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effects of aerobic exercise on body composition, cardiopulmonary function, serum lipid level and antioxidants of obese and normal college female students. The subject group was made up of 13 normal students (below 30% body fat ratio) and 12 obese students (above 30% body fat ratio). After a pretest, the subjects were given an 8-week aerobic program. Then the subjects were given a posttest and analyzed of body composition, serum lipid level, antioxidants and cardiopulmonary function after the 6th and the 8th week of the program. The program schedule was made up of 4 days per week, 60 minutes per day. Test includes B.W., subscapular and triceps subcutaneous fat thickness, change of respiratory gas, and two blood sampling before treadmill exercise and post all out state, which analyzed serum lipid and antioxidants. The subjects performed treadmill exercise starting with 4km/hr of walking and then gradually increase the speed of 1km/hr per minute until all out state. The obtained data were analyzed using SAS program. The statistical methods employed here were one-way ANOVA with repeated measure, Duncan Multiple range test, paired-t test and t-test. The test results and conclusion of this research were as follows. 1. The effects of aerobic exercise on body composition were as follows ; Percent body fat was significantly reduced 6 weeks after the program and lean body mass was significantly increased 8 weeks after the program in both groups(obese group: F=3.44 P=.044, normal group: F=3.30 P=.048). subscapular skinfold of the obese group showed a remarkable decrease after the 6th week(F=4.33 P=.021) triceps skinfold of the normal group showed a remarkable decrease after the 6th and the 8th week(F=4.55 P=.017) compared with readings before the aerobic program, the aerobic program made a bigger difference concerning body fat, lean body mass, subscapular skinfold in the obese group than in the normal group(t=2.41 P=.024, t=2.40 p=.025, t=2.43 p=.028). 2. The effects of aerobic exercise on cardiopulmonary function were as follows ; Maximal $O_2$ uptake/kg was significantly increased 6 weeks after the program in the obese group(F=3.20 P=.054), but not much difference was observed in the normal group. Maximal pulse rate was significantly reduced in both groups after 6 weeks of the program(obese group: F=2.77 P=.087, normal group: F=7.17 P=.001). 3. The effects of aerobic exercise on serum lipid level were as follows ; In a resting period, total cholesterol, Triglyceride, and LDL-cholesterol were slightly higher in the obese group than in the normal group, but HDL-cholesterol was higher in the normal group. But, with the aerobic program, total-cholesterol, Triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol were reduced gradually and HDL-choleterol got increased in both groups, but not much change was noticed in the normal group. However, in the obese group, serum HDL-cholesterol level got increased significantly(F=5.12 P=.012). 4. The effects of aerobic exercise in serum antioxidants were as follows ; In a resting period, the obese group's serum Free Radical and GSSG content were higher than the normal group's and the normal group's serum GSH content was higher than the obese group's. After 6 weeks of the aerobic program, Free Radical was reduced significantly in both groups(obese group: F=13.87 P=.000, normal group: F=18.60 P=.000) In the obese group, 8 weeks after the program, GSH was increased significantly(F=13.78, P=.000). In the normal group, 6 weeks after the program, GSH was reduced but increased again after 8 weeks(F=6.07 P=.005). Plasma GSSG was significantly increased after 8 weeks of exercise in both groups(obese group: F=19.75 P=.000, normal group: F=22.42 P=.000,) Compared with readings before the aerobic program, the aerobic program made a bigger difference serum GSH in the normal group than in the obese group(t=3.37 p=.003). As this result shows, it is known that the regular aerobic exercise improves cardiopulmonary function, body composition, serum lipid effectively and through the serum Free Radical reduction and antioxidant system activation, oxidant stress was suppressed. This effect was higher in the obese group than in the normal one. At least 6weeks exercise period need for improvement of body composition, cardiopulmonary function and activation of antioxidant system. This result suggest that improvement of serum lipid profile was needed longer than 8weeks exercise period.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.260-272
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• 2010

This study examined how the participation rates contribute to subjects' outcomes after a nutrition education (once/week) and exercise (3 times/week) intervention program for 12 weeks in 44 obese female subjects. The subjects were divided into two groups: high-participator (HP) or low-participator (LP) groups according to their participation levels based on the median visit value (30 visits out of a total of 48 visits). Daily nutrient intakes assessed by a 24-hour recall, body composition, blood lipid profiles and physical fitness were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. After the intervention, weight, BMI, percent body fat, and the waist-hip ratio were significantly decreased in the HP group. In addition, the HP group had a greater rates of changes in weight (HP group: -6.6% and LP group: -3.1%, p < 0.01), BMI (-7.0% and -3.2%, p < 0.01), percent body fat (-7.8% and -4.2%, p < 0.05), and waist-hip ratio (-3.1% and -0.4%, p < 0.01) compared to the LP group. Energy-adjusted protein, fiber, potassium, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_6$, and vitamin C were significantly increased in the HP group. The HP group showed a significant increase in HDLcholesterol and a decrease in blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and atherogenic index (AI). While the muscle endurance, muscle strength, power, agility and flexibility were significantly increased in the HP group, agility and balance were improved in the LP group. In addition, dietary behavior score was significantly increased and stress score decreased in the HP group compared to the LP group. High participation rates were correlated with the improvement of the nutrient density (protein, fiber, potassium, Vitamin $B_1$, Vitamin $B_2$, Vitamin $B_6$ and folate), anthropometric parameters (body weight, BMI and percent body fat), serum lipid profiles (HDL-cholesterol, Triglyceride, and AI) and physical fitness (muscle endurance) adjusted for age, menopausal status, alcohol drinking, nutritional supplement use and baseline BMI. Our results suggest that high participation in nutrition education and exercise program was effective not only for weight reduction but also for the improvement of physical fitness in obese women.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.63-76
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• 2014

Objectives : This study investigated the improvement effects of Pakistani (DF-a) and Chinese Ephedra herba-containing Gangjihwan (DF-b) on obesity in a high fat diet-fed obese mouse model. Methods : Eight-week-old C57BL/6N mice were divided into four groups: a normal lean group given a standard diet, an obese control group given a high fat diet, and DF-a and DF-b groups given a high fat diet with DF-a (80 mg/kg), and DF-b (80 mg/kg), respectively. After 8 weeks of treatment, body weight gain, feeding efficiency ratio, blood lipid markers, fat weight and histology were examined. Results : 1. Body weight gain and fat mass were significantly decreased in DF-a and DF-b groups compared with control. The extent of decreases was eminent in DF-a group. 2. Feeding efficiency ratio and circulating leptin concentration were significantly decreased in DF-a and DF-b groups compared with control, whereas circulating adiponectin concentration was increased in DF-a and DF-b groups compared with control. 3. Consistent with their effects on body weight gain and fat mass, circulating concentrations of triglyceride, glucose and insulin were decreased in DF-a and DF-b groups compared with control. 4. The size of adipocytes were decreased by DF-a and DF-b compared with control, whereas the adipocyte number per unit area was increased by them, suggesting that DF-a and DF-b decreased the number of large adipocytes. 5. Consistent with their effects on body weight gain, liver fibrosis was reduced in DF-a and DF-b groups compared with control. Conclusions : In conclusion, these results suggest that DF-a and DF-b not only decrease feeding efficiency ratio, plasma leptin concentration, and blood anti-obesity biomarkers, but also reduce fat mass, contributing to the improvement of obesity. DF-a and DF-b also inhibit liver fibrosis. In addition, these effects were similar between Pakistani Ephedra herba and Chinese Ephedra herba-containing Gangjihwan.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.607-614
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• 2016

본 연구는 체력관리 수업이 비만도가 각기 다른 여자 대학생들의 신체구성, 혈압 및 건강관련 체력에 미치는 영향이 다른지에 대해 검증하는 것이다. 본 연구의 대상자는 본교 2012~2016년 9학기 동안 체력관리 수업을 수강한 여학생 317명을 대상으로 하였으며, 그룹 구분은 체질량지수와 체지방률(%) 기준으로 저체중, 마른 비만, 정상, 정상 비만 그리고 비만 그룹으로 구분하였다. 체력관리 수업은 저항성 운동과 유산소 운동의 복합운동으로 일일 75분, 주 2회로 구성하여 진행하였다. 본교의 체력관리 수업은 비만 그룹을 제외한 네 그룹의 체중, 체질량지수, 체지방율, 근육량 그리고 허리둘레를 긍정적으로 개선시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 혈압(SBP, DBP)과 건강관련 체력에서는 다섯 그룹 모두에서 대부분 긍정적으로 개선되는 효과가 있었다. 따라서 체력관리 수업은 비만 여자 대학생의 신체구성의 개선을 제외하고 여자 대학생들의 신체구성과 혈압의 개선 및 건강관련 체력을 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제42권8호
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• pp.759-769
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• 2009

This study investigated the effects of the nutrition education and exercise program on body composition, dietary intakes and physical fitness in obese women. The subjects were 44 obese women (BMI${\geq}$ 25 kg/$m^2$) who had been participating in nutrition education (1 time/week) and exercise program (3 time/week) for 12 weeks. Nutrition education was focused on low energy, high protein and low carbohydrate diet to reduce the body weight and improve the diet quality. To evaluate the effectiveness of the program, daily nutrient intakes were assessed by 24-hour recall method. Body composition, blood lipid profiles and physical fitness test were assessed before and after the intervention. After the intervention, body weight, BMI, percent body fat, soft lean mass and waist/hip ratio were significantly decreased (p < 0.001). Fasting blood sucrose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index (AI) were significantly decreased (p < 0.001), while HDLcholesterol was significantly increased (p < 0.001). Energy adjusted protein, fiber, vitamin A, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin $B_6$, vitamin C, vitamin E, niacin and folate were significantly increased. After the intervention, the muscle endurance, muscle strength, agility, balance were significantly increased. The changes in obesity indices (body weight, BMI, percent body fat, waist-hip ratio) were correlated with the changes of the nutrient intakes, serum lipid profiles, physical fitness. These results show that nutrition education and exercise program was effective not only for weight reduction but also for the improvement of physical strength and cardiovascular disease risk factors in obese women.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2018

Objective : Plantago asiatica L. has been used for many years in Korea, China, and Japan for the treatment of many diseases such as anti-inflammatory, anti-asthma and diuretic. But the anti-obesity effect of Plantaginis asiaticae Folium has not been studied yet. Thus, this study aimed to demonstrate the anti-obesity efficacy of Plantaginis asiaticae Folium water extract (PAF) in high fat diet-induced obesity animal model. Method : Male, five-weeks old C57BL/6 mice were divided into 5 groups; ND (normal diet + 0.9% saline), HFD (high-fat diet + 0.9% saline), PC (high-fat diet + Garcinia cambogia 500 mg/kg), PAF 100, 300 (high-fat diet + PAF 100, 300 mg/kg. Treatments were performed daily for 6 weeks per os. We evaluated the changes of body weight, white adipose tissues weight, hepatic and fecal lipids level, pancreatic lipase activity and lipid profiles in plasma. Result : Body weights, adipose tissue weights and FER were significantly lower in mice fed the high-fat diet with PAF treatment than in mice fed the high-fat diet alone. In plasma, TG, TC, LDL-C, ATS and ALT levels significantly decreased in PAF groups compared with HFD group. Also, hepatic triglyceride (TG) levels decreased and fecal TG increased in PAF groups compared to HFD group. In addition, the activity of pancreatic lipase was decreased in the PAF groups compared to that of HFD group. Conclusion: These results suggest PAF extract is effective in preventing and improvement obesity, so it might be a potential and safe material for anti-obesity agent of weight control or functional supplements.