• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.129-144
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• 2021

Following the COVID-19 pandemic, many people are increasingly becoming interested in health and environmental issues. Therefore, the sale of vegan or vegetarian products has been increasing over the last few years, as well as interest in non-dairy plant-based milk that can replace cow's milk. Furthermore, the global food industry has developed an interest in such products, considering the recent changes in consumer trends. In Korea, various products are being launched annually due to the increasing interest in non-dairy plant-based milk. However, research with regard to the quality and type of products produced in Korea is still at the preliminary stage when compared to those in the United States and Europe. Therefore, the present review has summarized non-dairy plant-based milk analogues based on the following key aspects. First, the types of non-dairy plant-based milk analogues and their production technologies (in the order of almond milk > cocoa milk > coconut milk > hemp milk > kidney bean milk > oat milk > peanut milk > rice milk, and soy milk). Second, the current status and future prospects for non-dairy plant-based milk analogues. Third, recent trends and future challenges associated with the production and quality improvement of non-dairy plant-based milk analogues. Fourth, the current status and outlook of the non-dairy plant-based milk analogue market in Korea. In conclusion, the present review could provide the food industry with valuable information regarding non-dairy plant-based milk analogues to facilitate the development of related products. Data were obtained from previously published studies.

• 한국초지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초지조사료학회 2002년도 창립 30주년 International Symposium
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• pp.5-56
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• 2002

The problems in the current domestic forage production were evaluated, and the prospective improvement was suggested in this paper. Grassland development in forest, production of high quality forages in upland and paddy land, efficient utilization of rice straw, development of new varieties of forages suitable for our environmental conditions and imported forages were described Among them, preferential production and utilization of forages using paddy field after rice harvest . should be enlarged for domestic supply of forages in Korea. Several studies were carried out to select the promising forage crops and barley cultivars for whole crop silage production, to determine productivity, nutritive value and production cost of forages produced in paddy field, and feeding effect of forages with Hanuwoo and milking cow for whole crop silage with forages produced in paddy field, 1999 to 2001, and also discussed restraint factors and activation plans for enlargement of forage production in paddy land. The promising forage crops in paddy field were rye and barley for Middle region, and rye, barley, early maturing Italian ryegrass and wheat for Southern region. The promising barley cultivars for whole crop silage in paddy field were Albori in Suwon, Keunalbori, Milyang 92, Saessalbori, and Naehanssalbori in Iksan, and Keunalbori, Albori, Naehanssalbori, and Saegangbori in Milyang, respectively. Silage production, quality and animal palatability of silage by trench and round bale were also compared. The production yields of whole crop barley silage(WBS) were 17,135kg as a fresh matter, and 6,011kg as a dry matter per ha, and the quality of WBS was 2∼3 grade, while that of rice straw silage was 4 grade as a farm basis. The production cost of WBS per kg was 83won as a fresh matter, and 238won as a dry matter. Feeding of WBS as forages on Hanwoo was very desirable for the improvement of live-weight gain, beef quality and farm income, particularly in growing stage of Hanwoo. Milk production and income were also increased, and feed cost was decreased by feeding of WBS. The daily voluntary intake of WBS in milking cow was 26.3kg as a fresh matter(DM 7.7kg) per head. Milk production when WBS was fed, was very similar to that of imported hay feeding such as Kentucky bluegrass or domestic corn silage. The issues to be solved in near future f3r stable forage production and supply in paddy land are sustainable livestock-forages policy, development & seed production of new varieties of barley, rye, Italian ryegrass and other promising forages, efficient demand & supply system of forages, solidification for mass production and utilization of forages, efficient application management of animal slurry on paddy field considering environmental agriculture/livestock industry, and break k development of bottleneck technique in production field. Domestic production & supply of high cost agricultural machine (round baler, wrapper, handler and so on), plastic wrapping film, and silage additives are also important.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.45-55
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• 1998

목 적: 우유 과민성 장병증(cow's milk-sensitive enteropathy, CMSE)은 우유를 식이 하였을 때 유해 반응과 함께 발생하는 상부 소장 점막의 손상이 병리적 특징으로 관찰되며, 이러한 점막의 손상은 우유를 제거하면 회복될 수 있고, 다시 유발시험을 하면 재발될 수 있다. CMSE 환자에서 소장 점막 손상의 정도를 형태학적 계측을 이용하여 정량적으로 분석하여 보고, 이를 이용한 CMSE의 진단적 가치 및 병리적 특성에 관하여 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1994년 3월부터 1996년 6월까지 만성 설사와 성장 장애를 주소로 대구효성가톨릭 대학병원 소아과에 입원한 환자에서 우유에 대한 유발, 제거시험에 따른 임상적 반응 및 상부위장 관내시경을 시술하여 얻게 된 십이지장부의 생검조직 소견을 통하여 CMSE로 진단된 생후 $30.4{\pm}11.7$(14~56)일된 13명의 환아를 대상으로 하였다. 소장 생검조직의 형태학적 계측을 이용하여 융모 높이(villous height, VH), 음와 영역 깊이(crypt zone depth, CZD), 점막전체 두께(total mucosal thickness, TMT), 음와 영역에 대한 융모의 상대적 높이(VH/CD), 융모 1 mm당 상피세포간 림프구의 수(interepithelial lymphocytes, IEL), 0.5 mm의 점막근육판(muscularis mucosa)에 해당하는 상피 표면의 길이(length of surface epithelium, LSE), 상피층의 호산구 침윤(EOS-EP), 고유층(lamina propria)의 호산구 침윤(EOS-LP)을 측정하고, 대조군 및 회복기 생검 조직과 비교하였다. 결 과: 1) VH는 CMSE 환자군에서 $135{\pm}59\;{\mu}m$으로 대조군 $408{\pm}48\;{\mu}m$에 비하여 유의하게 낮았으며(p<0.001), 전례에서 융모 위축의 소견이 관찰되었다. 2) CZD는 CMSE 환자군에서 $311{\pm}65\;{\mu}m$으로 대조군 $188{\pm}24\;{\mu}m$에 비하여 유의하게 깊었다(p<0.05). 3) TMT는 CMSE 환자군에서 $449{\pm}56\;{\mu}m$으로 대조군 $596{\pm}71\;{\mu}m$에 비하여 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.001). 4) VH/CD는 CMSE 환자군에서 $0.46{\pm}0.28$로 대조군 $2.17{\pm}0.12$에 비하여 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.001). 5) LSE는 CMSE 환자군에서 $889{\pm}231\;{\mu}m$으로 대조군 $2547{\pm}378\;{\mu}m$에 비하여 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.001). 6) IEL은 CMSE 환자군에서 $34.1{\pm}10.5$개로 대조군 $13.6{\pm}3.6$개에 비하여 유의하게 높았다(p=0.001). 7) EOS-EP는 CMSE 환자군에서 $0.47{\pm}0.83$개로 의미 있는 침윤은 관찰되지 않았으며, 대조군 $0.80{\pm}0.84$개와 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다. EOS-LP는 환자군에서 $2.67{\pm}3.72$개로 의미 있는 침윤은 관찰되지 않았으며, 대조군 $4.0{\pm}2.5$개와 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 8) 회복기의 형태학적 변화는 VH $320{\pm}34\;{\mu}m$, CZD는 $194{\pm}19\;{\mu}m$, TMT $514{\pm}21\;{\mu}m$, VH/CD $1.41{\pm}0.25$, LSE $1840{\pm}210\;{\mu}m$, IEL $10.8{\pm}2.3$개로 관찰되었다. 결 론: 소장 조직의 생검은 상부위장관내시경을 이용하여도 그 임상적 유용성이 높으며, CMSE 환자에서 소장 점막의 손상은 형태학적 계측을 통하여 정량적으로 평가할 수 있으며 진단적 민감도가 높다. CMSE에서 점막의 손상은 빠른 융모 상피의 손상에 대한 음와 세포의 충분한 보상의 실패로 사료되며, 단백질 가수분해물의 수유후 빠른 회복이 관찰되었다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2011

본 시험은 국내에 도입된 자동착유시스템 설치농가에서 사육하고 있는 젖소들의 검정성적을 이용하여 자동착유시스템 설치 전과 후의 산유량과 유성분 및 체세포 수 변화를 알아보기 위하여 실시하였다. 분석에 이용된 자료는 자동착유시스템이 설치된 4개의 농가에서 자동착유시스템 설치 1년 전과 1년 후의 검정기록이 있는 147두를 대상으로 하였다. 산유량을 비교한 결과, 자동착유시스템 설치 1년 전의 기존착유시스템에서 산유량이 30.37 kg인 것에 비하여 자동착유시스템 설치 1년 후의 산유량은 34.27 kg으로 유의성 있게 높아진 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 착유회수가 AMS 설치 1년 전의 기존착유 2.0회에 비하여 자동착유시스템에서 2.62회로 증가한 것에 기인한 것으로 생각된다. 유지율 (%)은 자동착유시스템 설치 전 $3.7{\pm}0.5%$에 비하여 설치 후 $3.8{\pm}0.5%$으로 약간 높은 경향을 나타내었으나 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 유지방량 (kg)은 기존 착유시스템에서 보다 자동착유시스템으로 전환 후 유의적으로 높게 나타났는데, 이는 산유량 증가에 기인된 것이다. 유단백율 역시 자동착유시스템 설치 전 $3.2{\pm}0.2%$와 설치 후 $3.2{\pm}0.2%$로 차이가 없었다. 그러나 유단백량에 있어서는 유지방과 같이 산유량 증가로 인하여 기존 착유시스템에 비하여 자동착유시스템에서 유의적으로 높았다. 체세포 수는 자동착유시스템 설치 전 $169.4{\pm}188.5$천개/ml로 1등급 수준이었던 것에 비하여 설치 후 $314.4{\pm}279.9$천개/ml로 2등급 수준으로 유의성 있게 증가하였음을 알 수 있다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 보면, 자동착유시스템 설치에 따라 산유량은 증가하나 유질등급에 영향을 주는 체세포 수가 증가하는 것으로 나타나 자동착유시스템을 설치하려는 농가에서는 이에 대한 고려가 있어야 할 것으로 사료된다. 그러나 체세포 수가 증가한 것이 자동착유시스템 자체의 문제인지 아니면 자동착유시스템을 운영하는 관리자의 관리미숙으로 인한 것인지는 명확하지 않아 더 많은 연구가 필요하다고 하겠다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.30-36
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• 1991

The method of vitnilcation has various merits. It needs neither seeding nor slow freezing. It can freeze embryo by putting it directly into liquid nitrogen at the indoor temperature to $0^{\circ}C$. The operation process is quite easy. Moreover, higher promise of survival can be expected as there is no physical damage by any lumps of ice with the exception of cells. In Kasal's experiment (1990) using EFS liquid and Kang's experiment (1991) using GFS liquid the ratio of the damaged embryo was only 2-3%. But, the method of vitrification is now on the process of improvement, and the final or united method is not yet established. At the present time, most of the major institutes all over the world are using the traditional freezing method in the preservation of mouse embryo, but it is very likely that the vitrification will prevaIl in the near future considering the various merits of it. Calves can be begotten from the embryo by means of vitriilcated preservation in the cases of cow, rat, and rabbit as well as of mouse. In addition, recent experiments have shown that vitrificated preservation was successful in the case of drosophila embryo which was much bigger than mammalian embryo, which fact tells that this method is expected to be preferably used even in the preservation of living organs in the near future.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2019

This study was conducted to analyze the specific genes associated with sex-determination in Korean native cow. The highly organized spermatogenesis requires accurate spatial and temporal regulation of gene expression, which is governed by transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic processes. Recently, farmers have been interested in determining the sexual identity of the calves in their farm. We analyzed the sperm of Korean native and Holstein cows, which were supplied from Hanwoo Improvement Center. We evaluated sperm motility and expression of sperm-specific genes after treating semen with both male- and female reagents. Sperm motility in Korean native cows decreased by approximately 10% in the first 30 minutes after treatment with sex-determination reagent. However, sperm motility of Holstein cows decreased to 60-70% after 15 minutes and to 20-30% after 30 minutes. We selected six specific genes expressing in the spermatozoa to analysis the gene expression level. The Real-time PCR results suggest that the selected genes (Gimap4, Tmeff1, Rac2, Abi2, Rac1, and Clu) were highly expressed in the group treated with the male reagent compared to the group treated the female reagent and to the untreated-group (control). In the present study, we suggest that the selected genes play a pivotal role in sex-determination.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.243-247
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• 1990

A study was conducted to improve the reproductive performance of Korean native cows. Plasma progesterone concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. Plasma progesterone concentrations during the estrous cycle in the 15 cows were the lowest (0.30ng/ml) at estrus, gradually increased after 6 days, remained high from 8 to 17 days (3.87~5.59ng/ml) and drastically decreased thereafter to reach minimal concentrations at the next estrus. Plasma progesterone concentrations of the 10 pregnant cows at 20 days after insemination were $5.82{\pm}1.33ng/ml$ (mean${\pm}$SD) and those of 10 non-pregnant cows were $0.30{\pm}0.21ng/ml$, respectively. Therefore, plasma progesterone concentrations in the pregnant cows at 20 days after insemination were significantly higher than in non-pregnant cows (p<0.001).

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.142-149
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to develop a computerized software program to help for reproductive management in dairy cows. The developed software program in the study is compatible with a window 95/98 or XP system. Data in the system were recorded, stored, and processed from two sources: 1) Data downloaded monthly from the database of the Korean Dairy Herd Improvement Association (milk yields, milk somatic cell counts, milk fat, protein, lactose and urea nitrogen content). 2) Data recorded by the farmer or veterinarians by the time (body condition score, heats, inseminations, veterinary diagnosis and treatments). These data indices after processing by computerized dairy management system were presented by numerical or graphical display. The presented data were obtained from three dairy farms with more than 50 milking cows. The presented reports of this program using milk fat, protein, urea nitrogen, and somatic cell counts enabled the dairy producer and veterinarians to monitor the protein-energy balance and feeding management practice, and for distribution of diseases (mastitis, metabolic and reproductive disorder) in individual cows. The presented analytical reports of this program also included herd average of reproductive indices such as day to first insemination, days open, and inseminations per conception. This software program will assist in analysis, interpretation and demonstrate the results of reproductive trials conducted in dairy herds.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.219-230
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• 2004

In recent years, the consumption of livestock products were markedly decreased by awareness of world-widely occurred diseases including mad cow disease, Foot and mouth disease, Hog cholera, and Poultry Influenza virus. the consumers ara also wanting to have highly safe food such as organic animal products because of concerning about residual of antibiotics in animal products. However, disease control and impairment of productivity are the major problem in organic animal production. On these points of view, the present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of 1% or 2% of dietary probiotics fortified with various minerals on improvement of egg production and egg quality in old lay6r feeding low quality feed mainly composed of food waste, sesame meal, and rice bran. After 4 weeks of experimental feeding, the diameter of spreading of egg white was clearly decreased from 11.2cm of control eggs to 10.5m and 10.1m in 1% and 2% treatment group eggs, respectively. The color of egg yolk was 9.3 in control eggs but remarkably increased in treatment groups showing 10.1~10.2. Egg production was 75.8% in control layers but significantly increased to 79.8% of 1% treatment group and 82.9% of 2% treatment group layers. Egg weights (C : 66.3g, 1% : 73.2g, and 2% : 76.7g) and egg shell thickness (C : 0.33mm, 1% : 0.35mm and 2% : 0.36mm) were also increased by the addition of 1% or 2% of probiotics when compared to those of control group eggs. All together, it has been suggested that dietary addition of probiotics fortified with various minerals can improve the egg quality and egg production in layer's productivities by the recycling of organic waste resources such as food waste and agricultural by-products.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.73-83
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• 1990

These studies were carried out to find the proper conditions for in vitro maturation and fertilization of bovine follicular oocytes and culture methods capable of further developing early embryos. For these objectives, the cleavage rate of oocytes matured and fertilized in vitro was investigated under medium supplemented with hormones and estrous cow serum and season of oocytes collection as well as different cumulus cell stage before insemination. Finally, 2~8 cell embryos were cultured in in vitro and in vitro culture system to investigate developmental capacity into morula. 1. Cleavage rate of oocytes matured in vitro was 27%(20/73) for A(LH＋FSH＋estradil-17$\beta$＋10% FBS), 38%(27/71) for B(LH＋10% ECS) and 27%(15/56) for C(10% ECS), respectively. Supplement B showed more higher rate and 4~8 cell embryos were also obtained much more in this group(67%, 18/27). In vitro maturation rate of follicular oocytes cultured in TCM 199 supplemented withLH and 10% ECS was 88%(75/85). 2. Cleavage rate(15%, 10/65) of oocytes collected in summer was significantly lower than in fall(47%, 42/89). 3. Cleavage rate(15%, 10/65) of oocytes collected in summer was significantly lower than in fall(47%, 42/89). 3. Cleavage rate(15%, 10/65) of oocytes with partially removed cumulus cell before insemination was more higher than that(44%, 27/62) of oocytes with intact cumulus cell. 4. The frequency of development from early cleaved embryos into morula was 6%(4/65), 12%(4/33) for co-culture of cumulus cell monolayer and bovine oviduct epithelial cell monolayer, respectively and 25%(6/25) in ligated rabbit oviduct.