• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.81-98
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• 2021

As Korea declared that the entire country is free from ISA (Infectious salmon anaemia) based on the OIE aquatic code in 2019, it is necessary to improve the import quarantine system that meets the level of ISA management in Korea. Currently, Korea imports Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout from countries which have history of ISA outbreak such as Norway and the United States, so there is a constant possibility that trade with these countries will bring ISAV (Infectious salmon anaemia virus) into Korea. Therefore, some amendments to the Aquatic Life Diseases Control Act (ALDCA) are needed to prevent the entry of ISAV into the Korea through international trade. The amendment to the ALDCA should contain a list of countries, zones or compartments that the Korean competent authority has allowed or banned imports of ISA-susceptible fish. In addition, the subordinate statutes or administrative rules of the ALDCA need to be revised so that on-site inspections/audit can be conducted for the evaluation of the ISA management system in exporting countries. After the revision of the subordinate statutes or administrative rules, it is necessary to strengthen the present import conditions in line with those that meet the level of ISA management in Korea. As for the strengthened import conditions, the competent authorities of exporting countries must export only salmonid fish produced in zones or compartments declared freedom of ISA to Korea, and must prove through lab-testing that ISAV should not be detected in the fish exporting to Korea. In addition, official veterinarians/fish health professionals of the exporting country should check the health status of the fish within 72 hours prior to export. Also, competent authorities of the exporting countries must attest that fish storage containers and water, ice and other equipment used for transportation should be cleaned and disinfected to avoid contamination with pathogens, including ISA. Therefore, the proposed measures presented here will further improve the current import condition for salmonid fish and assist decision-making on strategies to reduce the risk of ISA introduction into Korea. Also, it is expected to contribute to maintain the status of ISA-free country.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.555-560
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• 2010

Purpose: Facial allotransplantation (FA) could provide an excellent alternative to current treatments for facial disfigurement. However, despite being technically feasible, there continues to be various ethical and psychosocial issues associated with the risks and benefits of performing FA. The purpose of this study is to investigate risk acceptance and expectations in FA. Methods: In a quantitative assessment of risk versus benefit with respect to FA, from 2004 to 2008, Barker et al. developed and published a questionnaire-based instrument (Louisville Instrument for Transplantation [LIFT]), which contained 237 standardized questions. In the current study, the authors assessed risk versus benefits and expectations of FA using a Korean version of the LIFT. Respondents in three study groups (lay public, n=140; medical students, n=120; doctors, n=34) were questioned about risk acceptance as related to immunosuppression and tissue rejection, and expectations as related to quality of life improvement, and functional and aesthetic outcomes. A summary of the data has been provided and statistical analyses were performed. Results: Among the three study groups, results indicated that doctors accept the least amount of risk for a facial allotransplant, followed by medical students, and finally lay public. There was a significant statistical difference in three of the four questions regarding risk acceptance between the groups (p < 0.05). In general, lay public exhibited higher expectations for facial allotransplantation than the other groups. Additionally, there was a significant statistical difference in the importance of aesthetic outcome between the groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The authors' data indicate the three populations have vastly different levels of risk acceptance and expectations with regard to FA. Therefore, it is very important that surgeons establish clear, open, and thorough communication with patients in their consultations regarding FA. This is particularly important with respect to whether or not a patient's level of risk acceptance and expectations are progmatic.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.19-30
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the changes of health perception, satisfaction survey and lifestyle in Korean medicine counseling for Daejeon University faculty members. Methods : In this study, the demographic questionnaire, lifestyle habit questionnaire, Mibyeong questionnaire, quality of life questionnaire(SF-12, EQ5D), pattern-based questionnaire, constitutional questionnaire(KS-15) and instrumental examination were performed on the first and second visit. We carried out 1:1 consultation at every visit. Results : A total of 189 participants participated in this study. 66% of respondents answered that they felt the change in health perception and more than 93% of the respondents felt satisfaction due to the Korean medicine health counseling. In the demographic characteristics, it was found that women were more satisfied with the Korean medicine health counseling than men(p <.05), the higher the education level(p <.05) and the higher the age(p <.05), managed their health continuously after receiving Korean medicine health counseling.(p <.05) In addition, in the change of lifestyle habit, the group who smoked and drank in the past answered that the consciousness to manage and improve health was higher than other group after Korean medicine health counseling.(p <.05) Conclusions : Korean medicine health counseling had a positive effect on overall health perception change and satisfaction was high. Since the Korean medicine health counseling has different effects on lifestyle and health perception change and the satisfaction of Korean medicine health counseling is different according to demographic characteristics and existing lifestyle habits. In the future, it will be expected that the effect of Korean medicine health counseling program on health care and disease prevention will be further enhanced if the Korean medicine health counseling program reflecting such characteristics is implemented.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.53-61
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study was to find out the stress of vascular conditions and leisure activities for the elderly and the effect of stress problems on the vascular conditions of the elderly. Methods : The study surveyed 172 elderly people, conducted a validity and reliability analysis to organize items of leisure activities, analyzed vascular conditions and stress for leisure activities, and conducted a regression analysis to analyze stress factors affecting the blood vessel conditions of the elderly. Results : First, there was a significant difference in comparing the average value of vascular conditions for leisure activities in the elderly (p=.012) and sports activity was the most stable in vascular conditions. Second, there was a significant difference in comparing the average value of stress for leisure activities of the elderly (p=.035) and rest and other activities were higher than other activities. Third, the effect of stress problems in older people on vascular conditions has been shown to be influenced by financial difficulties and health problems. Conclusion : Leisure activities in older people can act as a factor in changing the quality of life. Older adults can expect improvement of vascular conditions and reduction of stress through leisure activities, especially sports activities have a high relationship of vascular conditions, and rest and other activities have a high relationship with stress. As a result, this study confirmed the importance of selecting and continuing participation in leisure activities for the elderly.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.54-62
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• 2020

Objectives : Acute low back pain syndrome causes pain and poor quality of life. There are various studies of SBV (Sweet bee venom) pharmacopuncture, but few have identified the therapeutic effects for patients unable to walk due to acute back pain. This case series report three cases of acute low back pain syndrome treated with SBV pharmacopuncture combined with Korean Medicine (KM) treatments. Methods : Three acute low back pain syndrome patients with no other acute abnormalities in the imaging were treated by KM treatments including SBV pharmacopuncture, acupuncture, cupping, herbal medicine and physical therapy. The improvement of symptoms was evaluated using Numerical rating scale (NRS), Oswestry disability Index (ODI), EuroQol-5 dimension index (EQ-5D) and EuroQol-visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS). Results : Patients who were unable to walk due to acute back pain were able to walk. There were significant improvements of NRS, ODI, EQ-5D and EQ-VAS after treatment. The patients experienced an average 90% decrease in low back pain after inpatient KM treatment for about 8 days. NRS decreased by an average of 78.9%, ODI decreased by an average of 49.4%, and EQ-VAS increased by an average of 92.6%. In the case 1, EQ-5D decreased in all categories, but in the case 2, it decreased in all categories except for pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression, but in the case 3, it decreased in all categories except anxiety/depression. There was no serious side effect after treatment of SBV pharmacopuncture. Conclusions : KM treatments including SBV pharmacopuncture may be effective for acute low back pain syndrome patients. However, randomized controlled trials are needed in the future to confirm the clinical effects of these interventions.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.456-463
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• 2018

Increases in disasters and damage caused by the disasters in modern society, have a negative impact on local economy. In particular, a local economic downturn leads to a deterioration in quality of life of local residents and causes mental and material damage. Therefore, in order to achieve stable and sustainable local economic development, it is necessary to strengthen the resilience of the local economy. This study aims to estimate indicators of local economic resilience of Jindo County after the Sewol Ferry disaster, analyze a trend of the economic level after the disaster through time series data and suggest improvement plans of the local crisis management and restoration policy that considers future economic resilience. Results of this study showed that a decrease in the number of tourists and of workers in related industries hit tourism industry, causing a loss to the local economy and that an increase in a drinking rate of and stress awareness rate of local residents was a stress factor due to disaster impacts. These findings provides policy implications that it is necessary to make efforts for improving the depressed local image by utilizing local resources in the area, to build a sustainable long-term economic recovery policy and to provide psychological treatment and the relevant government and local government's support for relieving the stress of local residents due to the disaster impacts.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.24
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• pp.10855-10860
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• 2015

Background: The study aimed to investigate the analgesic effect of a combination of intravenous flurbiprofen axetil and opioids, and evaluate the relationship between refractory pain relief and plasma ${\beta}$-endorphin levels in cancer patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 cancer patients was randomly divided into two groups, 60 patients took orally morphine sulfate sustained-release tablets in group A, and another 60 patients receiving the combination treatment of intravenous flurbiprofen axetil and opioid drugs in group B. After 7 days, pain relief, quality of life improvement and side effects were evaluated. Furthermore, plasma ${\beta}$-endorphin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Results: With the combination treatment of intravenous intravenous flurbiprofen axetil and opioids, the total effective rate of pain relief rose to 91.4%, as compared to 82.1% when morphine sulfate sustained-release tablet was used alone. Compared with that of group A, the analgesic effect increased in group B (p=0.031). Moreover, satisfactory pain relief was associated with a significant increase in plasma ${\beta}$-endorphin levels. After the treatment, plasma ${\beta}$-endorphin level in group B was $62.4{\pm}13.5pg/ml$, which was higher than that in group A ($45.8{\pm}11.2pg/ml$) (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our results suggest the combination of intravenous flurbiprofen axetil and opioids can enhance the analgesic effect of opioid drugs by increasing plasma ${\beta}$-endorphin levels, which would offer a selected and reliable strategy for refractory cancer pain treatment.

• 재활복지
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.31-51
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• 2018

This study performed to provide the basic information about the effects of the health management importance awareness on the occupational performance and basic fitness for the people with intellectual disabilities. 16 people with intellectual disabilities participated in muscle strengthening exercise. To assess health management importance awareness, the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure was used to identify the importance of the health management. According to the results of the importance, they were divided into two groups: Extreme and Neutral Importance Group in order to analyze the changes of the occupational performance and basic fitness. In-group analysis of the performance, satisfaction level, strength, and flexibility found that all measures improved in both groups following completion of the program. Between-group analysis following completion of the program indicated group differences in the performance and satisfaction level, but no group differences were found in the muscle strength and flexibility. Thus, this study showed the positive effects from the results of the program participation targeting the people with intellectual disabilities, and highlighted the importance of the awareness for them regarding the need for the health management (as evidenced by the improvement in occupational performance). It is expected that effective health management through participation in programs such as this will help maintain a healthy lifestyle and contribute to improve the quality of life.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.235-244
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• 2013

This research was performed to investigate the effects of participation in aqua exercise on blood composition and vascular compliance of mentally retarded persons. The targets of this research consisted of a control group of 12 people and an aqua exercise group of 12 people after selecting 24 mentally retarded males and aqua exercise group carried out an exercise program for 60 minutes per day and five days a week for 9 weeks. Weight, body fat percentage, blood composition and vascular compliance were measured in a preliminary inspection and the same items were measured in a post-inspection. The results of this measurement were as follows. Firstly, aqua exercise group showed a significant decrease in weight and body fat percentage (p<.05). Secondly, for blood composition, aqua exercise group showed a notable decrease in Total-Cholesterol, Triglyceride, and LDL-Cholesterol (p<.05) and a significant increase in HDL-Cholesterol (p<.05). Thirdly, aqua exercise group showed a notable increase in blood composition for both upper limbs and lower limbs (p<.05). Taken these results together, it was considered that a participation of mentally retarded persons in aqua exercise would prevent adult diseases and would have an affirmative influence on improvement of the quality of life.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.48-64
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• 1997

This study was conducted to evaluate the satisfaction level of interns and residents on training and job environment of two university hospitals in Pusan. The concept of subject's satisfaction was evaluated in general characteristics, socioeconomic status, working condition, human relationship, and job status and scored from 1 to 5. The newly developed questionnaire for this study(32 items) was revised and modified by the preliminary survey. The internal consistency of questionnaire was 0.73(Cronbach's alpha). The self-administered questionnaire was provided to 218 subjects and collected the answering from March 2 to March 25th, 1997, and statistical significances were tested by $x^2-test$, t-test and ANOVA. The satisfaction level between the residents group was significantly different, but satisfaction level of working condition, human relationship and job status showed no difference. The service division part showed highest(2.73) and the surgical division part showed lowest(2.57). The job satisfaction level between the subjects showed higher satisfaction level in working condition, socioeconomic status, and total satisfaction dimension, and intern group showed higher satisfaction level than resident group. Satisfaction level in human relationship dimension, resident group showed higher satisfaction level than intern group, but showed no statistically difference. To improve the working condition for residents, public welfare facilities was firstly suggested and the next was salary increase, overloaded work, respectively. For intern groups, overloaded work and waste work were firstly suggested and the next was public welfare facilities and salary increase, sequentially. The career gets longer, the satisfaction level on general characteristics of working condition, socioeconomic status, and total satisfaction level were increased. The subjects who have religion and higher socioeconomic status showed higher satisfaction level than the other group. The general satisfaction level of subjects in all dimensions showed lower aver age(3.0) and the overall satisfaction level showed below than average. Thus, in order to improvement of subject's working condition, higher quality of life is necessary rather than economic state. In future, these results might be considered to improve the working condition for interns and residents.