• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.1018-1023
• /
• 2009

This paper describes a reduction in the peaks of traction energy for metro railways in timetabling. We develope a mixed integer programming (MIP) model, which minimizes the number of trains running simultaneously. We suggest two approaches. In the first approach, we use the commercial MIP solver, CPLEX. In the second approach, we propose a heuristic algorithm. We apply both methods to the current daily timetable of the Korea Metropolitan Subway. We determine an optimal solution, which results in an improvement of approximately 25% over the current timetable.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.271-278
• /
• 2005

Reproductive and developmental toxicology is concerned with various physical or chemical agents interfering with fertility in both gender or normal growth of offsprings. Reproductive and developmental toxicology is rather a complex science, with many fields, i.e., various endpoints are involved and many different mechanisms of action. For that reason, diverse aspects must be considered when attempting to assess possible adverse health effects in the area of reproductive and developmental toxicology. The thalidomide tragedy made it clear to regulatory authorities around the world that systematic, comprehensive evaluation of the reproductive cycle was needed to adequately evaluate the potential of medicinal drugs to impair the process of reproduction or the development of embryos, fetuses, and children. International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for the Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) developed a guideline to assess the reproductive and developmental toxicity. Also these guidelines have since been applied to the detection and regulation of environmental toxicants, food additives, and so on. Although it was hoped that testing procedures of guideline would be updated constantly to reflect the current state of the science in reproductive and developmental toxicology, it was not until this decade that regulatory guidelines and testing methods have been altered in a significant way. In this paper, we would like to present the recommended approaches and recent trends for improvement of testing guidelines or experimental methods in reproductive and developmental toxicology.

• Language and Information
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.159-181
• /
• 2010

This paper presents a hybrid approach to the sentiment analysis of online texts. The sentiment of a text refers to the feelings that the author of a text has towards a certain topic. Many existing approaches employ either a pattern-based approach or a machine learning based approach. The former shows relatively high precision in classifying the sentiments, but suffers from the data sparseness problem, i.e. the lack of patterns. The latter approach shows relatively lower precision, but 100% recall. The approach presented in the current work adopts the merits of both approaches. It combines the pattern-based approach with the machine learning based approach, so that the relatively high precision and high recall can be maintained. Our experiment shows that the hybrid approach improves the F-measure score for more than 50% in comparison with the pattern-based approach and for around 1% comparing with the machine learning based approach. The numerical improvement from the machine learning based approach might not seem to be quite encouraging, but the fact that in the current approach not only the sentiment or the polarity information of sentences but also the additional information such as target of sentiments can be classified makes the current approach promising.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2007.04a
• /
• pp.222-224
• /
• 2007

Social participation of the elderly and the disabled continuously becomes more active due to the improvement of social systems and technological development. Various systems such as intelligence robots and intelligence home systems have been developed to support their social participation, and those systems obviously contribute to the independent lives of the elderly and the disabled. Those systems, however, usually require special hardware, which make them very expensive. Considering the economic difficulties of the users, the problem should be tackled with software-oriented approaches using existing hardware such as laptops. The software should be adapted to users with limited capabilities by enabling them to utilize the system without much knowledge related to computers and also without keyboards and mice. This paper suggests software-oriented approaches to solve those problems with the description of the unified user interface for a special work chair, and introduces an actual development procedure of the program together with real application of related theories.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.194-199
• /
• 2003

Data are an expression of the language or numerical values that show some features. And the information is extracted from data for the specific purposes. The knowledge is utilized as information to construct rules that recognize patterns or make a decision. Today, knowledge extraction and application of that are broadly accomplished for the easy comprehension and the performance improvement of systems in the several industrial fields. The knowledge extraction can be achieved by some steps that include the knowledge acquisition, expression, and implementation. Such extracted knowledge is drawn by rules with data mining techniques. Clustering (CL), input space partition (ISP), neuro-fuzzy (NF), neural network (NN), extension matrix (EM), etc. are employed for the knowledge expression based upon rules. In this paper, the various approaches of the knowledge extraction are surveyed and categorized by methodologies and applied industrial fields. Also, the trend and examples of each approaches are shown in the tables and graphes using the categories such as CL, ISP, NF, NN, EM, and so on.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2013

The exposure of food to ionizing radiation has been recognized as a safe and effective mode of food preservation in more than 55 countries. The benefits include eradication of insect pests, inactivation of food pathogens, extension of shelf-life, and improvement in food hygiene. Regulatory authorities around the world have emphasized the implementation of various national and international regulations to facilitate trade and development of consumers' confidence in purchasing irradiated foods. Therefore, the need for reliable irradiation detection methods has increased to enforce these regulations. At present, a number of promising analytical approaches have been developed and evaluated. Moreover, about 10 European Standards have been adopted as General CODEX Alimentarius methods for the detection of irradiated foodstuffs. However, most of these methods demand relatively expensive equipment and prolonged sample preparation. Therefore, simple and cost-effective approaches would be advantageous for rapid screening of foodstuffs. The suspected samples need to be analyzed further with more validated techniques to confirm the screening results. In this review, existing screening methods (i.e. physical, chemical, and biological) for the identification of irradiated foods have been outlined along with their principles, scopes and limitations.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.122-131
• /
• 2017

This study was a drone-utilized case study motivated by that drones can obtain sophisticated video image data previously not feasible. The dilemma zones on selected intersection approaches were identified and locations of drivers' decision making to stop or go at the onset of yellow were determined by analyzing drone video images. The gap between the drivers' decision making location and invisible stop/go border line provided by the yellow time interval was defined as "risky passing zone". To improve the dilemma zone safety problems, re-optimization of yellow time intervals and introduction of new pavement marking that can help drivers decision making on yellow indication are suggested.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.311-322
• /
• 2010

The common life with modern urban residence, spending more than 80~90% of daily life in indoor environment, makes the importance of indoor air quality (IAQ) even higher. Many efforts have made to improve indoor air quality (IAQ), which requires those systematic approaches for field practice. A recent study reported that no general approach cannot be made for IAQ improvement due to the great deal of variety in different indoor environments. Those indoor spaces included in Korean IAQ regulation were classified based on their characteristics and the IAQ guideline was suggested for each group of indoor spaces. Apart from those indoor spaces, the classroom in elementary school has different characteristics. By introducing the systematic approaches, the elementary classroom was surveyed and analyzed to understand its characteristics in due IAQ consideration. Based on the characteristics, there are several IAQ control measures suggested, including ventilation operation, dust mat installation, and white board. $CO_2$ and airborne dust were monitored and analyzed in order to evaluate the effectiveness of each control measure to IAQ. It was found that the general level of $CO_2$ concentration was managed under the IAQ guideline by applying the ventilator operation. The ventilation was also effective to the fugitive airborne particulate in elementary classroom environment.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.923-929
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study is to examine various Oriental Medical approaches to uterine myoma treatments which have been previously proposed, and find out an appropriate method with the verification of its clinical acceptance. The treatment with GGT(Gami-gwichulikyeong-tang) and JGD (Jagungdan) has been applied to uterine myoma patients visiting Sangdang Oriental medical clinic. After the treatment, 81 cases showing significant results are selected and analyzed in terms of patients' age, social environment, previous history of treatment, condition of uterine myoma, chief complaint, and the comparison between menstrual phases before the treatment and those after it. As for the size change, no-change is dominant. For the change chief complaint take a favorable turn is better after the treatment. Color of menstruation, pathologic blood drainage, hypermenorrhea or menorrhagia. dysmentorrhea show high percentage of improvement. The results above show GGT and JGD are effective treatments for uterine myoma patients. These two are also similar to the typical prescription of Jingga, which is Gwichulpajing-tang. Thus GGT and JGD are effective to the treatment for Jingga and Jingga is one of the most valid Oriental Medical approaches to uterine myoma.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
• /
• 1997.11a
• /
• pp.404-412
• /
• 1997

The pipes and cables buried below ground, which may have helped to improve city landscape, is becoming direct and indirect causes for various kinds of disaster in Korea. Every advantage from the use of utility tunnel can not be converted in a dollar since there is associated huge contribution to safe urban environment. The Korean government has a certain role to play in helping promote utility tunnels for the past years. Most recently, many utility tunnels have been being checked to find out safety level, especially fire safety level, and main problems and shortcomings are checked out as a result of this survey. Because the fire safety level of existing tunnel is low, possible approaches and solutions are presented according to the analysis of fire safety level. In order for these approaches to be effective, existing tunnel should be supplemented appropriately and extra equipment must be installed according to the solutions. Hopefully, by performing both improvement of existing utility tunnel that provide a fire/disaster proof and introducing new types of tunnel which influence utility management and maintenance, the recent disaster rate in Korea can be diminished up to a desirable rate in a near future.