• Women's Studies Review
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.3-42
• /
• 2011

This study aims to analyze the characteristics of transnational cigarette companies' strategies to expand the female market in Korea after the market opening of 1988. Focusing on 'Virginia Slims' and 'Finesse', which are the PM and BAT's representative female brands, this study explores whether their typical advertising strategies were transformed in Korean market. After 3years from the market opening, 'Virginia Slims' gave up its brand identity and the strategy was so successful that 'Virginia Slims' continued to be 2nd best-selling brand in the imported cigarette market in Korea. In contrast, 'Finesse' maintained a typical women's cigarette image during the 1990s and consequently occupied the highest brand awareness as a female cigarette but lower market share than Virginia Slims. TTCs adapted to a doubly obstructed Korea market with its strong taboo against female smoking and a comparatively stronger legal ban on all cigarette ads targeting women. However, diverse indirect cigarette ads and promotions, which circumvented regulations, suggest that ads transforming was not to give up Korean female customers. Furthermore, the cigarette ads that the soft and mild taste of female brands are associated with healthy image rather than gendered image may appeal to Korean women without touching their emotions and desires.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.166-174
• /
• 2012

Introduction: After 17 years since the first production of humidifier disinfectants in Korea, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) announced that the odds ratio of lung injury related with humidifier disinfectant usage was 47.3 (95% confidence interval 6.0-369.7) according to a case-control study with 18 adult cases, including 8 pregnant women at a university hospital in Seoul. Results: From September 2011 to April 2012, one-hundred and seventy four victim cases have been reported to an environmental non-governmental group (NGO). We summarized timetable of humidifier disinfectants accidents, analyzed health outcomes (death, lung or lung and heart transplantation, pulmonary disease) of reported victims, and classified some information for humidifier disinfectants with health outcomes, and government action for this accident. Among the victims, number of death cases are 52 (30.0%), including 26 babies less than 3 years old. Sixty-nine victims come from twenty-seven family with 2 to 4 members per family. About twenty types of humidifier disinfectant products and about 600,000 product items a year have been sold. Fifty-two death cases used 7 different types of disinfectant products, including imported goods and some private brands of well-known supermarkets. KCDC confirmed inhalation toxicity of 6 products through an animal experimental test, and based on this observation recalled disinfectants containing PHMG (polyhexamethylene guanidine) and PGH (Oligo(2-(2-ethoxy)ethoxyethyl guanidinium chloride). Discussions: The use of these biocides involved highly fatal consequences among biologically vulnerable victims, such as pregnant women, several family member victims after semi-acute exposure. This is the first biocide disaster in Korea with non-specific targets, and unknown scale of victims, warranting concerns on use of biocides in the living environment. Conclusions: Special administrative agency for chemical safety and compensation act for environmental health victims are needed to prevent similar problems.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.708-715
• /
• 2016

This study researched the sizing system of dress form for apparel manufacturing in the domestic market. It aims to be used as basic data for the development of a dress form that could be used by manufacturers of senior men's clothing. Research focused on the sizes presented on the homepages of 17 dress form manufacturers in the USA, France, Japan, and Korea. Body measurement was made for senior men in their 50's over men (n=134). Six items were measured by the 'Standard body measurement of Size Korea'. The type of dress form in the domestic market can be classified into half-body type (upper body type and lower body type), torso, and whole-body type; in addition, each type is divided into upper arm, arm, crotch, and thigh. Korean dress form manufacturers produced/sold diverse kinds (size 7-9) for women; however, they used large/small sizes or product sizes for men without defining sizes. The chest size (93-105cm) has not been standardized while the rates of waist circumference, hip circumference and shoulder length (in accordance with the chest size) were all different. Global dress form brands manufactured reflecting body dimensions by the state organization USA ASTM. Japan JIS. For this reason, most domestic clothing businesses depend on imported dress forms. Especially, there were no dress forms for senior men. With the growing market for seniors, it would be necessary to produce senior dress forms for clothing production that reflect the body shapes and sizes of seniors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.32
• /
• pp.117-130
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study were to identify the design elements and the changing flow of advertisement from 1970's to 1990's by using content analysis of men's magazines. Finding were as followed; First through the analysis of men's wear advertisement in magazine it was found that the closer to 1990's the more various men's wear styles and backgrounds were advertized. These were more image oriented than product oriented. Since 1980 the advertisement about the licenced and the imported brands have been increased and the serial advertisement has shown more fre-quently than the 1-page advertisement since 1990's ; Second two piece suit was dominated in men's wear during 1970's and 1980's From 1990's this style was decresed in stead combi suit was increased. In 1970's the X silhouette was infashion and the y and the X silhouette was in fashion and the y and X sillhouette were increased during 1980's . The H silhouette was dominated in 1990's The brighter and the more various colors appeared in 1990's than in 1970's. The brighter and the more various colors appeared in 1990's than in 1970's The solid pattern was the main flow in men's wear however the stripes and the the check patterns were added in 1990's Third single breasted jacket style with two buttons and tailored collar was in fashion during 1970's . The length of the v-zone was shorter than half at this time however it was lengthened in 1980's . Also the the length of the jacket was lengthened. In 1990's the double breasted jacket style and two buttons were increased. The length of the v-zone and jacket were also lengthened.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.295-302
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to research the purchasing traits and the wearing satisfaction of ski wears to provide the data needed to design ski wears to the related industries. This survey was performed during 2003's and 2004's winter with the 157 questionnaires containing 16 items of purchasing traits, 8 of design satisfaction, 12 of purchasing satisfaction and 13 of satisfaction of using convenience. The data were analysed with the frequency, the percentile, $X^2$-test, the average, the standard deviation and t-test through comparing with the groups of general people and experts, and the groups of male and female. The results were:1.The most preferred style was the two pieces style(88.5%), and then the loose style(61.1%), and the shoulder-wireless style(36.9%). 2.The imported brands were more preferred because of the design(44.1%). 3.The main place of purchasing was the ski wear speciality shop(48.4%), the main source of the merchandise information was the surrounding men(43.3%), the most significant consideration aspect when purchasing was the design(35.7%), and the rate of size perception was 51.6%. 4.The wearing satisfaction score(5) of ski wears were; the satisfaction of design was 3.24, the satisfaction of material 3.00, and the satisfaction of using convenience 3.07. 5.In the rate of design satisfaction, the female(3.10) showed higher than the male(3.35) (p<.05). 6.In the satisfaction of material, 'the discoloration'(2.37), 'the abrasion'(2.75), 'the sense of volume'(2.76) and 'the sense of touch' showed dissatisfaction. 7.In the satisfaction of using convenience, 'the pollution by lifting ticket'(2.36)was showed most dissatisfaction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.146-159
• /
• 2018

This study analyzed what premium features significantly affect customer satisfaction and their recommendation, and what factors significantly affect product attributes. In the process, first, the loyalty program and the customer compensation program were studied to determine the impact of the customer satisfaction and recommendation. The study analyzed that quality and design of product properties had significant effects on all factors, but the brand was not significantly affected. Second, while superiority, differentiation and scarcity of luxury items are significant to customer satisfaction but superiority is only significant in relation to recommendation intention. Third, the preceding study shows that the customer compensation program has a significant impact on sales growth, but the study found that it was not for imported luxury car customers. Fourth, if the royalties program is low in awareness, it has been analyzed that the scarcity and customer satisfaction relationships among luxury goods have been adjusted. On the contrary, if there is a high level of awareness, it is analyzed that there is a control effect customer satisfaction and differentiation among luxury brands. In the conclusion, in order to satisfy customers at the import luxury car market, the differentiation of luxury goods by standard index must be strengthened and the brand must be strengthened among the attributes of the product. In addition, by raising awareness of the royalties program, the relationship between differentiation and customer satisfaction can be enhanced.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.79-87
• /
• 2002

To analyze the current status of contact-lens in domestic, we analyzed the data of "The Spectacles-wearing Rate Analysis in 1999 (Korea Gallup Research)", "Industry current status(Korea Medical Instruments Industrial cooperative}", "Export & Import current status (Korea Customs Service)", and finally reached the following conclusions. 1. The number of contact-lens wearers in domestic could be assumed 2.13 millions. 2. The size of contact lens market in domestic(on year 2000 basis) was about 25.3 billion Korean wons(\) in total ; 10.8 billion Korean wons on the basis of production unit price (Domestic Gross Production Amount-Export Amount : used the subtraction in math), 14.5 billion Korean wons on Import unit price basis. 3. According to the year 2001 data, the import amount of contact lens is 1.7 times greater than export amount of that. 4. The contact lens export status in year 2001 was Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, U.S.A, China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Thai, - in order. Especially, the contact lens export of China has increased gradually every year since 1998, the first export year of contact lens. 5. The import status of contact lens was U.S.A, Japan, England, Indonesia, Argentina, Taiwan, Hong Kong, - in order. In addition, the consumption trend of contact lens consumers in domestic reflects that famous foreign contact lens brands were much preferred than lower price contact lens imported from several developing countries.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.669-677
• /
• 2012

The objective of this study was to analyze the flavor pattern of different varieties of cheeses. Four of the each following cheese varieties such as shred type pizza cheese, Cheddar cheese, Mozzarella block cheese, and white mold-ripened cheeses, stored at $4^{\circ}C$ during 2 wks were examined before and after cooking at $70^{\circ}C$ and $160^{\circ}C$. Flavor patterns of these cheeses were analyzed using an electronic nose system based on mass spectrometer. All data were treated by multivariate data processing based on discriminant function analysis (DFA). The results showed the discriminant model by DFA method. Data revealed that flavor patterns of pizza cheeses were well separated as storage prolonged and obviously discriminated as the higher the cooking temperature. The result of pattern recognition analysis based on discriminant function analysis showed that new brand of pizza cheese produced by Imsil Cheese Cooperative was located at middle between the flavors of the imported brands of pizza cheese and those of domestic brand of pizza cheeses. Imsil cheese has a unique flavor pattern among other variety of cheeses. Application of pattern recognition analysis by electronic nose might be useful and advanced technology for characterizing in flavor pattern of cheese products from different origins and different categories of cheeses.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.96-101
• /
• 2007

Thoughts on beef consumption and Korean beef were surveyed through questionnaire, with 150 housewives living in Seoul and its metropolitan area as subjects. The reasons for buying Korean beef were revealed as taste/quality(56.5%) and sanitation/safety(27.8%). The places of purchase were meat shops(42.3%), department stores, discount stores or super stores(28.1%), and agricultural cooperative stores or livestock cooperative stores(19.9%). The average purchase amount of Korean beef was 0.84 kg and the price was 22 USD(20,944 Won; 1 USD = 950 Won), and 61.7% of consumers thought the price of Korean beef was expensive. The major reason for buying imported beef was indicated as low price(78.0%) and the purchase locations were discount stores, department stores(39.4%) and meat shops (31.1%). When the subjects were surveyed on brands of Korean beef 73.3% had heard of branded beef but only 48% had purchased it. The reasons for buying branded beef were revealed as taste(40.0%) and sanitation(25.2%). When subjects were asked to compare branded beef with general Korean beef, 51.1% gave an answer of 'Very good/Good' for taste and quality, 'Similar' was 22.4% and 'No difference' was 29.9%, suggesting that the trust for branded beef was not strong yet. The important factors for buying branded beef were indicated as quality/taste(54.9%) and sanitation/safety(38.9%) and subjects were willing to pay up to 18.0% more for branded beef compared to the price of general Korean beef.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.231-237
• /
• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate characteristics of the red peppers for Kimchi preparation. Four cultivars of Korean red pepper with different color value, ten brands of commercial red pepper powder produced at different areas and paprika with imported from Spain were collected. These sample were analyzed for proximate composition, color, capsaicinoid and sensory evaluation, etc. Proximate composition was moisture of 12.6-17.13%, ash of 5.11-8.93%, crude lipid of 7.68-12.81% and crude protein of 11.35-16.72%. Free sugar content showed two-times among samples, the lowest sample was 11.35%(Shintaein), whereas the highest sample was 21.06% (Koisan). Capsaicinoid content of cultivars showed the highest value Dabok with 75.49 mg% and the lowest value Gusung with 18.77 mg%. American Spice Trade Association(ASTA) value, it was indicated redness of red pepper, showed very wide range of values with 47.3-144.7. Correlation coefficient($R^2$) of ASTA value and $a^* $was 0.87, while $R^2$ of 0.05 between of ASTA value and capsaicinoid contents. In sensory attributes, Dongbang(0.87 mg%) and Gusung(0.43 mg%) were not significantly different, while Dabok(1.74 mg%) was significantly different from other smaples in lag time, overall intensity and duration. The difference threshold of hot taste and ASTA value was over 1.0 mg%(capsaicinod content), 70(ASTA value), respectively.