The purposes of this study were to identify brand equity factors influencing brand preference and to investigate the effects of preference and other factors on brand performance of domestic and imported fashion accessary(handbag, shoes, purse, etc.) brands. A total of 300 women aged between 20 and 49 years were surveyed during the month of September, 2006, on 2 domestic brands and 2 imported brands that were well-known to consumers. The data were analyzed with factorial analysis, multiple regression analysis, ANOVA, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, etc., using the SPSS 10.0. The result of research showed: 1) Four factors of brand equity were identified: quality, awareness, image, and trust. 2) Quality, awareness, price acceptability, distribution proximity, and brand performance of the domestic brands were higher than those of the imported brands. But brand preference of the imported brands was higher than that of the domestic brands. 3) Brand preference of the domestic brands was affected by quality, awareness, image, and trust. And brand performance of the domestic brands was affected by appropriateness, brand preference, and distribution proximity. 4) Brand preference of the imported brands was affected by image, quality, awareness, and trust. And brand performance of the imported brands was affected by price acceptability, appropriateness, and distribution proximity.
This study investigates the purchasing and wearing conditions of wetsuits, and analyzes consumer awareness on wetsuit functional factors between domestic and imported brands. This research provides basic information on presenting competitiveness and developing suitable wetsuits for the Korean body shape through an investigation of a size system. An in-depth interview was conducted to consider consumer awareness with 10 persons of different levels of scuba diving experience. The survey variables consist of classified suggestion of inquires for functional factors and size systems. We distributed 80 questionnaires to scuba diving club members; subsequently, a total of 66 usable data sets were coded for statistical analysis through SPSS WIN 18.0. The result shows that respondents preferred imported ready-to-wear brands, whereas national ready-to-wear brands were purchased less often. However, the difference in customer awareness of functional factors between domestic and imported brands was not significant. In evaluating the size system of six brands (including three domestic and three imported brands), wetsuits of domestic brands were better fitted to the Korean body shape than imported brands; however, competitiveness has been hindered by public perception that domestic brands imitate imported brands. The results suggest that domestic brands can strengthen their competitiveness through promoting a lower price and size suited to Koreans while trying to change public perception as imitators of imported brands.
A comparative study of major brands of domestic and imported cigarettes saled in market has been conducted. The total amounts of total particulate matter(TPM), tar and nicotine delivered from cigarettes, as well as the amounts of tar, nicotine in puff by puff were determined in the mainstream smoke of 6 brands. In addition, the relative amounts of vapour phase in 3rd puff smoke were determined. Results showed that the amounts of TPM and tar delivered from domestic brands were similar to the imported brands and the amounts of total nicotine delivered from domestic brands were higher than those of imported brands. As the domestic cigarettes nicotine/tar(N/T X 100) ratio was 9.5-10.3, the imported one's was 5.6-8.1. However, the amounts of tar and nicotine in puff by puff for the domestic brands were lower than those of the imported cigarettes and the relative amounts of vapour phase in 3rd puff smoke for the domestic cigarettes were lower than those of the imported cigarettes.
This study examined college students' propensity for materialism and conspicuous consumption, and their preference for imported-luxury brand products. This study also identified the factors that influence college students preference for the imported-luxury brands. The data were obtained from a questionnaire completed by 4-year-college students (N=309), and were analyzed by t-tests, ANOVA, and multiple regression analyses. The findings of this study are as follows: First, college students' propensities for both materialism and conspicuous consumption were a little higher than the middle points of the scales. Their preference for imported-luxury brands was a little below the middle point of the scale. Second, the propensity for materialism was higher among first- and second-year students than among third- and fourth-year students. The occupation of household head was significantly related with the levels of materialism and conspicuous consumption, as well as the preference for imported-luxury brand products. Female students were more likely to prefer imported-luxury brands. Those with a higher income and subjective level of living were more likely to have the propensity for conspicuous consumption and preferences for imported-luxury brands. Third, the imported-luxury brands preferences were positively associated with the propensities for both materialism and conspicuous consumption.
This study was to identify the dimensions of consumers' attitudes toward imported casual brands. Another objectives were to examine consumers' attitude according to the preference group, and to ascertain the imported casual brand images. The 55 Likert type questions were selected through the results of self-questionnaire analyses. 520 females aged between 20 to 29 in Pusan responded to the second questionnaire of consumers' attitudes and brand images toward imported casual brands. The results were as follows: 1. For final factor analysis, 56 selected from 85 questions were subjected to the principal component analyses with orthogonal rotation after extraction of 5 major factors. 2. Five dimensions are brand's uniqueness and good quality, high prestige, incongruity with native emotion and ethnocentrism, conspicuous consumption, and reasonable purchasing advantages. These factors explained 45.0% of total variance. 3. Five dimensions were different according to the degree of preference. For preference group, they purchased the imported casual brands by uniqueness, good quality and reasonable purchasing advantages. For non-preference group, they disliked the imported brands by incongruity with native emotion, ethnocentrism, and conspicuous consumption. 4. Preference group had 5.47, whereas non-preference group had 1.76 pieces of imported casual brands for this 2 years. This result suggests that to develop the domestic brands with international uniqueness, good quality, and high prestige, and to improve according to preference group are necessary.
The purposes of this study were to identify brand equity factors influencing on brand preference and to investigate the effects of preference, price acceptability, distribution proximity, and appropriateness on brand performance of domestic and imported cosmetics brands. A total of 300 women aged between 20 and 49 years were surveyed on two domestic brands and two imported brands that were well-known to consumers during the month of September, 2006, in Seoul, Daejeon, Gyeonggi-do, and Chungcheong-do. The data were analyzed with factorial analysis, multiple regression analysis, ANOVA, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, etc., using the SPSS 12.0. The result of the study included: 1) Four factors of brand equity were identified: brand image, social reputation, quality, and brand awareness. 2) Brand image, quality, appropriateness, and brand performance of the domestic brands were higher than those of the imported brands. But brand awareness of the imported brands was higher than that of the domestic brands. 3) Brand preference of the domestic brands was affected by social reputation, quality, brand image, and brand awareness in order of significance. And brand performance of the domestic brands was affected by brand preference, appropriateness, price acceptability and distribution proximity in order of significance. 4) Brand preference of the imported brands was affected by brand image, social reputation, brand awareness, and quality in order of significance. And brand performance of the imported brands was affected by appropriateness, price acceptability, brand preference, and distribution proximity in order of significance.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the signification system between logo and brand image systematically in imported fashion luxury brands through semiotic approach. For this purpose, 29 luxury brands were selected from 3 department stores. According to the visual characters of logo, the types of logo used in the imported fashion luxury brands were classified into three types and the results of this study were following : First, the luxury brands used the brand logo in common that represent the name of founder or fashion designer to deliver the character of company's own brand and to emphasize the spirit of a craftsman. Second, the luxury brands also used the brand logo that design the brand initial in symmetry of the right and left or top and bottom to emphasize a unique spirit of the brand. Third, the luxury brands used the brand logo that represent or symbolize a specific animal or object to express the special quality of the brand in descriptive type. Forth, the luxury brands used the most frequently black color in brand logo that symbolize a perfection, immortality and solemnity, etc.
The purpose of this study was to investigate product evaluation on consumer's buying behavior of domestic & imported golf wear brands. The questionnaires were sent to 200 consumers who play golf. The 119 data were analyzed by mean, t-test, ANOVA and chi-square. The results of the study were as follows: There were significant differences on consumers' evaluation of apparel quality on fabric and style between groups. Consumers evaluated that the imported golf wears made of more soft, light and unique fabric than domestic, and had a unique and characteristic style. The evaluation of apparel quality according to demographic information has significant difference. Consumers(46-55 ages, business managers and professional) evaluated imported brands were made of soft and light fabric. Consumers(business managers) buying imported brand evaluated dry-cleaning was inconvenient. Consumers who engaged in service industry evaluated domestic brands were easy to coordinate with other items.
This paper provides comparison and analysis between brand images of Korean herbal cosmetics and general, imported cosmetic brands, focusing on product's symbolic and functional images. The objective is to evaluate brand images of Korean herbal cosmetics to suggest a powerful brand image strategy that will be different and competitive. Data collection was performed on 300 adult women who were over 20 years of age and lived in Seoul or KyongKi area. Analysis was carried out using SPSS version 11.5 and frequency analysis, T-Test and $X^2$ verification was also performed. Analysis results for brand images of Korean herbal cosmetics are as follows. First, satisfaction scale as a purchase feature for users of Korean herbal cosmetics were 'Normal' 51.5%, 'Satisfactory' 35.1%, 'Very Satisfactory' 8.2% and 'Unsatisfactory' 5.2%. Regarding improvements, 'Efficacy, Effect' was the highest with 46%. Second, 'SEOLHWASOO' and 'BAEKOKSENG' among Korean herbal cosmetic brands, 'IOPE' and 'ISA KNOX' among general cosmetic brands and 'LANCOME' and 'CHANEL' among imported cosmetic brands displayed high recognition. Third, the symbolic and functional images of Korean herbal cosmetic brands were seen to be better compared to their general and imported counterparts. Especially, product related features of Korean herbal cosmetic brands received a more positive response compared to imported brands, which suggests that with research and improvement regarding non-product related features, functional images of herbal brands may be appraised ahead of imported brands. Fourth, there is a significant difference in brand preference according to the satisfaction of groups who actually use herbal cosmetics and the purchasing attitudes of groups who do not. Therefore, an active relationship marketing strategy is required to maximize satisfaction and to elicit favorable attitudes. By developing functional native ingredients, constructing data that can prove its efficacy and effects, and appealing its unique, differentiated symbolic value together with Orientalism, herbal medicines will be able to take off to be acknowledged worldwide.
This study provides size information on current imported medical compression stockings in Korea. A total 20 brands from 6 countries imported and sold in the Korean on-off line markets were selected for this study and the sizing system of medical compression stockings was researched. The results of this study were as follows: there were size differences among different USA brands according to product type or compression class of medical compression stockings. To establish the sizing system for medical stockings of the German brands, the basic body measurements standard was set as cA, cY, cB, cB, cC, cD, cE, cF, cG, cH, cT, lD, lG, and lT. Italian brands developed the sizing system for medical compression stockings by compression class. In the Swiss brands, size types were sub-divided as 'Normal', 'Plus', 'Short', and 'Long'. The sizing 1 were confined within very narrow limits. There were differences of the basic body measurements between Taiwan brands. The results of the comparison of the size range of the imported brands with Size Korea (KATS, 2010) by two-way size distribution shows that the sizing systems of the imported brands were unsuitable for Koreans. To enhance the suitability of the sizing system for medical compression stockings, a new sizing system for Korean adult males and females needs to be established.
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