• Title/Summary/Keyword: Import tolerance

Search Result 8, Processing Time 0.027 seconds

Persistence Study of Thiamethoxam and Its Metabolite in Kiwifruit for Establishment of Import Tolerance

  • Il Kyu Cho;Gyeong Hwan Lee;Woo Young Cho;Yun-Su Jeong;Danbi Kim;Kil Yong Kim;Gi-Woo Hyoung;Chul Hong Kim
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
    • /
    • v.41 no.4
    • /
    • pp.355-364
    • /
    • 2022
  • BACKGROUND: Pre-harvest interval and decline pattern of thiamethoxam were determined in kiwifruit using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS). The study was carried out to propose import tolerance using OECD maximum residue limit (MRL) calculator for the export promotion of kiwifruit to Taiwan. METHODS AND RESULTS: The thiamethoxam residue in kiwifruit was determined by using the LC-TriQ-MS/MS with the analytical process to set up the import tolerance under greenhouse conditions for Taiwan. Excellent linearity was observed for all of the analytes with a determination coefficient (R2)≥0.99. The limit of quantification was determined to be 0.01 mg/kg for both thiamethoxam and clothianidin in kiwifruit. Linearity was determined from the co-efficient of determinants (R2) obtained from the seven-point calibration curve. The standard calibration curve showed as follows; 1) Site 1 (Gimje): y = 944,406X + 1,583 (R2=0.9995), 2) Site 2 (Goheung): y = 1,356,205X + 934 (R2=0.9983), and 3) Site 3 (Jangheung): y = 1,239,937X - 3,090 (R2=0.9908). The residue of thiamethoxam in the kiwifruit for three decline trials showed the range of 0.35 to 0.56 mg/kg in site 1 (Gimje), 0.24 to 0.55 mg/kg in site 2 (Goheung), and 0.28 to 0.42 mg/kg in site 3 (Jangheung), respectively. However, clothianidin was not detected in all of the treatments. The maximum residual amounts (decline) in the samples, sprayed according to the safe-use standard for thiamethoxam 10% WG in kiwifruit (30 days before harvest, 3 sprays every 7 days) were 0.56 mg/kg in site 1, 0.55 mg/kg in site 2, and 0.42 mg/kg in site 3, respectively. CONCLUSION(S): The import tolerance (IT) of thiamethoxam for kiwifruit may be proposed to be 0.9 mg/kg by using the OECD MRL calculator.

A Study on the Aflatoxin B1 Contents in Domestic and Import Foods (수입식품 및 국내식품중의 아플라톡신 함유량 조사연구)

  • 윤미혜;김국주;김종화;조규홍;김세진
    • Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
    • /
    • v.13 no.2
    • /
    • pp.115-120
    • /
    • 1998
  • This Study was performed to investigate the contents of aflatoxin $B_{1}$ in cereal, pulse, nuts and these products of domestic and import. These results were as follows. 1. Average concentration(in ${\mu}g/kg$) of aflatoxin $B_{1}$ in domestic foods were 2.6 in cereal, 3.9 in pulse, 4.2 in nuts and 1.4 grain products. The contents of aflatoxin B$_{1}$ in pulse and nuts were much higher than those of cereal and grain products. But their values were still within $10{\mu}g/kg$ the maximum residual level of aflatoxin $B_{1}$ for food of Korea. 2. Average contents of aflatoxin $B_{1}$ in import foods were 4.8, 5.4, 6.0, $3.8{\mu}g/kg$ for cereal pulse , nuts and popcorn & peanuts butter, respectively. And these values were found to be below the maximum residual level ($10{\mu}g/kg$) of aflatoxin $B_{1}$ for food of Korea. 3. The concentration of aflatoxin $B_{1}$ in 2 samples of domestic and 9 samples of import foods were over the tolerance limit for aflatoxin $B_{1}$ in food of Korea. Therefore, the hygienic managements of the foods should be required during storage and circulation at market.

  • PDF

Study for Residue Analysis of Pinoxaden in Agricultural Commodities

  • Kim, Ji Young;Yoon, Eun Kyung;Kim, Jong Soo;Seong, Nu Ri;Yun, Sang Soon;Jung, Yong Hyun;Oh, Jae Ho;Kim, Hyochin
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
    • /
    • v.38 no.4
    • /
    • pp.321-331
    • /
    • 2019
  • BACKGROUND: Pinoxaden is the phenylpyrazoline herbicide developed by Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. and marketed on 2006. The maximum residue levels for wheat and barley were set by import tolerance. Thus, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) official analytical method determining Pinoxaden residue was necessary in various food matrixes. Satisfaction of international guideline of CODEX (Codex Alimentarius Commission CAC/GL 40) and National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation-MFDS (2017) are additional pre-requirements for analytical method. In this study, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was investigated to analyze residue of Pinoxaden (M4), which is defined as pesticide residue in Korea, in foods. METHODS AND RESULTS: Pinoxaden (M4) was extracted followed by acid digestion (2hr reflux with 1N HCl) and pH adjusting (pH 4-5 with 3% ammonium solution). To remove oil, additional clean-up step with hexane saturated with acetonitrile was required to high oil contained sample before purification. HLB cartridge and nylon syringe filter were used for purification. Then, samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS using reserve phase column C18. Five agricultural group representative commodities (mandarin, potato, soybean, hulled rice, and red pepper) were used to verify the method in this study. The liner matrix-matched calibration curves were confirmed with coefficient of determination (r2) > 0.99 at calibration range 0.002-0.2 mg/kg. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.004 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively, which were suitable to apply Positive List System (PLS). Mean average accuracies of pinoxaden (M4) were shown to be 74.0-105.7%. The precision of pinoxaden and its metabolites were also shown less than 14.5% for all five samples. CONCLUSION: The method investigated in this study was suitable to CODEX (CAC/GL 40) and National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation-MFDS (2017) guideline for residue analysis. Thus, this method can be useful for determining the residue in various food matrixes in routine analysis.

A study on the Restoration of Feature Information in STEPAP224 to Solid model (STEP AP224에 표현된 특징형상 정보의 솔리드 모델 복원에 관한 연구)

  • 김야일;강무진
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
    • /
    • 2001.04a
    • /
    • pp.367-372
    • /
    • 2001
  • Feature restoration is that restore feature to 3D solid model using the feature information in STEP AP224. Feature is very important in CAPP, but feature information is defined very complicated in STEP AP224. This paper recommends the algorithm of extraction the feature information in physical STEP AP224file. This program import STEP AP224 file, parse the geometric and topological information, the tolerance data, and feature information line-by-line. After importation and parsing, store data into database. Feature restoration module analyze database including feature information, extract feature information, e.g. feature type, feature's parameter, etc., analyze the relationship and then restore feature to 3D solid model.

  • PDF

Involvement of Mrs3/4 in Mitochondrial Iron Transport and Metabolism in Cryptococcus neoformans

  • Choi, Yoojeong;Do, Eunsoo;Hu, Guanggan;Caza, Melissa;Horianopoulos, Linda C.;Kronstad, James W.;Jung, Won Hee
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
    • /
    • v.30 no.8
    • /
    • pp.1142-1148
    • /
    • 2020
  • Mitochondria play a vital role in iron uptake and metabolism in pathogenic fungi, and also influence virulence and drug tolerance. However, the regulation of iron transport within the mitochondria of Cryptococcus neoformans, a causative agent of fungal meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised individuals, remains largely uncharacterized. In this study, we identified and functionally characterized Mrs3/4, a homolog of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial iron transporter, in C. neoformans var. grubii. A strain expressing an Mrs3/4-GFP fusion protein was generated, and the mitochondrial localization of the fusion protein was confirmed. Moreover, a mutant lacking the MRS3/4 gene was constructed; this mutant displayed significantly reduced mitochondrial iron and cellular heme accumulation. In addition, impaired mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster metabolism and altered expression of genes required for iron uptake at the plasma membrane were observed in the mrs3/4 mutant, suggesting that Mrs3/4 is involved in iron import and metabolism in the mitochondria of C. neoformans. Using a murine model of cryptococcosis, we demonstrated that an mrs3/4 mutant is defective in survival and virulence. Taken together, our study suggests that Mrs3/4 is responsible for iron import in mitochondria and reveals a link between mitochondrial iron metabolism and the virulence of C. neoformans.

A new Atractylodes spp. hybrid cultivar 'Manchul' with high yielding and disease tolerance

  • Jeong, Jin-Tae;Chinreddy, Chinreddy;Lee, Yun-Ji;Ha, Bo-Keun;Kim, Mi-Ran;Lee, Sang-Hoon;Chang, Jae-Ki;Lee, Jeong-Hoon;Park, Chun-Geon
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
    • /
    • 2017.06a
    • /
    • pp.162-162
    • /
    • 2017
  • Atractylodes japonica and Atractylodes macrocephala belongs to Atractylodes genus and theirs roots are used as 'Baek-chul'(White atractylodes rhizome) in Korea Pharmacopoeia. 'Baek-chul' widely used in traditional herbal remedies in Asia. Concurrently, the 'Baek-chul' demand enormously increased in the market due to the growing interest in favoring health benefits but it is depend on import from China. Thus we conducted breeding research to solve the problems associated with domestically cultivated 'Baek-chul' such as low productivity and low disease tolence. We crossed A. japonica (female parent) and A. macrocephala (male parent) in the greenhouse in September 2000. the next season 119 crossed line seeds were collected and germinated in the green house. Among them we selected the good lines in the same season. then conducted replicated yield trials (RYT) in 2014 to local adaptability test (LAT) in 2015-2016. The results showed that the 'AJM16' line has beneficial charactersitcs like, increased plant height, large rhizome diameter, narrow leaf width compared with a 'Sang-chul' (check cultivar) and varied flower color from A. japonica (female parent). The line 'AJM16' was also exhibited decreased anthracnose symptoms(Colletotrichum gloeosporides Penz.). Simultaneously the root yield of AJM16 was 2,409 kg per are, which was increased 130% higher yield compared to 'Sang-chul' (check cultivar) at three various regions from 2015 to 2016. Therefore, we named AJM16 as new cultivar 'Man-chul'. According the results, we have developed a new Atractylodes spp. hybrid cultivar 'Macn-chul' with high yielding and disease tolerance by National Institute of Horticulture and Herbal Science, RDA, in 2016.

  • PDF

Designing & Development of Prototype of Core Subsystem for High Density & Large Scale Station Traffic Management System (대형.고밀도 철도역 자동운행제어시스템의 핵심서브시스템 설계와 개발)

  • Ahn Jin;Lee Young-Su;Kim Eun-Hee;Ha Sung-Tae;Hong Soon-Heum;Kim Young-Hoon
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
    • /
    • v.9 no.3 s.34
    • /
    • pp.282-290
    • /
    • 2006
  • In the current train operation system, large scaled stations like Cheongnyangni and Yongsan are not remote controlled from the central operator but manually by local operator. It is because there are so many entering and exit of trains between depot and mainline which are operating through the large scaled stations and it is very effective to traffic flow on the mainline. Therefore, Kyong Bong Technology Co., Ltd. (KBTech) and Korea Railway Research Institute (KRRI) are continuing the research and development to import 'Autonomous Decentralized System (ADS)'as part of a new train operation control system which is a national policy project of MOCT (Ministry Of Construction & Transportation). The concept of the 'Autonomous Decentralized System (ADS)' has born in 1970's in Japan by the influences of molecular biology. The special features of ADS are being a system that able to do the online expansion, online maintenance and fault tolerance. This thesis introduces the concept of technology of ADS and also describes the system designing & development to apply with large scaled stations.

Detection of LM canola with tolerance to glyphosate and glufosinate-ammonium via the Environmental monitoring in South Korea (자연생태계 모니터링을 통한 glyphosate와 glufosinate-ammonium에 저항성을 가지는 유전자변형 캐놀라의 발견)

  • Shin, Su Young;Jo, Beom-Ho;Moon, Jeong Chan;Lee, Jung Ro;Choi, Wonkyun;Seol, Min-A;Kim, Mi-Jeong;Song, Hae-Ryong
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
    • /
    • v.43 no.4
    • /
    • pp.479-485
    • /
    • 2016
  • Living modified (LM) crops are imported each year to South Korea as food and feeds, LM canola being one of the imported crops. The cultivation of LM crops is not permitted in South Korea but the import of these crops is increasing. In this study, we surveyed the environmental risk of imported LM canola at 9 provinces, from March 2009 to June 2013. Monitoring of canola was conducted around feed factories, roadsides, harbors, farmhouses, and flower festival regions. From the total of 595 canola samples collected from 1850 monitoring sites, we identified 6 LM canola samples. The LM canola samples were subjected to protein and DNA based analysis. PCR analyses using approved 5 single event primers (T45, MS8, RT73, Rf3 and Topas 19-2) revealed that two crops were glyphosate-resistant LM canolas, and four were glufosinate-resistant LM canolas. This study suggested that environmental monitoring is a useful research tool to manage LM crops unintentionally introduced into the environment in South Korea. This result can be used as a basis for future post-management of canola crops.