• 무역학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.19-34
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• 2019

This study investigates the WTO dispute over Japanese fishery products originated from Fukushima and another seven prefectures. Being subject to an import ban and additional radioactive test requirements, Japan complained that the Korean government's trade measures are inconsistent with the principles of the Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures. This paper considered the contrasting judicial decisions made by the Panel and Appellate Body and analyzed the debates with respect to their trade-discriminatory effects (Article 2.4), the relevance of appropriate level of protection (Article 5.6) and the precautionary approaches (Article 5.7). Consistent with the final rulings, this paper identifies the need for a broaden understanding of regional conditions and qualitative aspects of protection in risk analysis. Findings also suggest that Korea has diverted its fishery imports from Japan to other countries, while Japan has created export diversion from Korea to other destinations.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.163-169
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• 2010

All forms of asbestos are proven human carcinogens. All forms of asbestos cause malignant mesothelioma, lung, laryngeal, and ovarian cancers, and may cause gastrointestinal and other cancers. No exposure to asbestos is without risk, and there is no safe threshold of exposure to asbestos. Asbestos cancer victims die painful lingering deaths. These deaths are almost entirely preventable. When evidence of the carcinogenicity of asbestos became incontrovertible, concerned parties, including the Collegium Ramazzini, called for a universal ban on the mining, manufacture and use of asbestos in all countries around the world. Asbestos is now banned in 52 countries, and safer products have replaced many materials that once were made with asbestos. Nonetheless, a large number of countries still use, import, and export asbestos and asbestos-containing products. And still today in many countries that have banned other forms of asbestos, the so-called "controlled use" of chrysotile asbestos continues to be permitted, an exemption that has no basis in medical science but rather reflects the political and economic influence of the asbestos mining and manufacturing industry. To protect the health of all people in the world, industrial workers, construction workers, women and children, now and in future generations - the Collegium Ramazzini calls again today on all countries of the world, as we have repeatedly in the past, to join in the international endeavor to ban all forms of asbestos. An international ban on asbestos is urgently needed.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.202-218
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• 2015

Many countries have introduced new imported food safety measures, following the accident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. This study was conducted to evaluate the measures contents and effects on food trades values. Eight percent of members were notified the introduced measures to the World Trade Organization. The measures' contents were banning imports, enhancing inspection and adding certification requirement. The covered regions were some prefectures, entire Japan or all affected countries. European Union introduced a measure that subjecting foods originating from 12 prefectures to import at designated ports with required certification. The measures were amended 8 times until March 2014 to apply listed foods from 15 prefectures. The trade value of fishery products and miscellaneous foods were affected. Australia introduced a measure that required additional inspection of dairy, fishery and plants products from 13 prefectures with subsequent amendments. The trade value had no effect in tested foods. Chinese Taipei introduced a temporary import ban for all foods from 6 prefectures. Trade values for fruits were affected. The United States issued an import alert for detention without examination for listed prefectures and goods without introducing new measures. Although no specific products were affected, trade values for all foods were affected.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.599-608
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• 2017

본 논문은 국산 배와 일본산 배에 대한 국내소비자의 무차별 선호를 가정한 가격격차 방법론을 적용하여 일본산 배의 수입금지 조치 해제 시 경제적 정량적 영향을 사전에 분석하는 방법론을 소개한다. 방법론을 이용하여 2018년 일본산 배의 수입허용 가정 시 시뮬레이션을 수행한 결과, 연평균 5만 톤의 일본산 배가 국내시장에 유입될 것으로 추정된다. 이 수입량은 국내 배 가격하락 뿐만 아니라 국산 배 생산량 감소를 야기하여 국내 배 생산 감소효과를 초래하여, 연평균 930억원 수준의 직접적인 피해가 예상된다. 국내 배 재배면적과 생산량은 베이스라인 대비 0.7%, 1.4% 감소할 것으로 예측된다. 또한, 생산 소비 대체재를 포함한 다른 품목 부문에 미치는 간접적인 영향을 합한 전체 농업분야의 연평균 감소액은 약 2,090억 원 수준으로 베이스라인 대비 0.4% 감소할 것으로 전망된다. 본 연구에서 제안한 SPS 수입금지 조치 해제 시나리오 영향평가는 기존에 수행해오던 양허안 중심의 시나리오 분석과 병행하여, 메가 FTA 참여 시 농업분야 파급영향의 사전분석 방법론을 개선할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국폐기물자원순환학회지
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.709-720
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• 2018

Since the import ban of plastic waste in China has been enforced, plastic wastes were not properly collected and recycled in Korea. Hence, the management strategies for plastic waste in Korea should be improved by examining the regulations and policy in developed countries such as United States, Japan, EU and United Kingdom. The management strategy for the recycling cycle should be implemented to expand the labeling system of separation and discharge, reduce the consumption of plastic products, automate the separation and sorting method in recycling facilities, and improve the economical efficiency of the recycling cycle. The concept of residual waste (secondary waste) in the material flow analysis should be implemented to identify the shortage point in the plastic waste stream. Finally, the cooperation with international communities is required for a transboundary movement of plastic waste, which includes participation at the working group of international standards to recycle plastic waste.

• 복식
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2002

This research is to reveal an aspect of costume culture interchange in the relationship of the early Chosun Dynasty, by considering the imported goods from Japan, of the trading goods derived by the trade diplomacy between the two countries in the early Korea-Japan relationship in the medieval era. The research results are as follows. A good-neighbor Policy in the early Chosun Dynasty was established by a link of a barbarian ban policy to blockade the frequent intrusion by Japanese barbarians. The exchange was the form of presenting a return present in return for a tribute to the Chosun Dynasty from the Japanese envoy, which has a polycentric characteristic. Pusanpo, Naipo, and Yumpo were designated as the open ports, which played a pivotal role in the Korea-Japan exchange. In trading goods between Korean and Japan. the imported goods from Japan to Korea were a wide variety of items primarily such as dyes, mordant, medicines, steel, spicers, etc. In particular, Somok used as a red mordant, which were intermediate goods to Southeast Asia, was the most heavily-traded items of imported goods from Japan. It had been consumed primarily as a raw material making the costume suit of the royal family and the aristocracy. The increased import of Somok was derived from a thought of preferred red color by our people. As its inflow was increased. the costumes tended to be luxurious In early Chosun Dynasty and resulted in social issues. This active trading from the early Chosun Dynasty caused from the communication of the Japanese envoy. In addition the study of the trading provided an opportunity that can glance at an aspect of the costume culture, though It was fractionary.

• 지역연구
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.65-77
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 캄보디아와 베트남의 국가위험도와 영향요인들을 비교 분석하는 것이다. OECD와 한국수출입은행 모두 베트남보다는 캄보디아의 국가위험도를 더 높게 평가하고 있다. 국가위험도 분류에 따른 각각의 평가요소들에 대해 모수검정을 실시한 결과, 정치 사회적 위험 지표인 부패지수, 경제적 위험 중 국내경제 지표인 경제성장률, 경제적 위험 지표 중 대외거래 지표들, 경제적 위험 중 외채 관련 지표가 두 국가 간의 국가위험도 차이에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 국가위험도 분류에 따른 평가요소별 모수검정 결과를 토대로 판별요인 분석을 통해 두 국가 간의 국가위험도를 가장 잘 나타내는 요인들을 추가로 추정한 결과, 정치 사회적 위험 지표인 부패지수, 경제적 위험 중 국내경제 지표인 경제성장률, 경제적 위험 중 외채 관련 지표인 외환보유액/월평균수입이 캄보디아와 베트남 간의 국가위험도 차이를 잘 대변하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 캄보디아가 국가위험도를 베트남 수준으로 낮추기 위해서는 무엇보다도 부패척결, 수출증대 등 대외거래 확대가 필요하다고 할 것이다. 베트남 또한 지속적인 경제성장 달성과 외환보유고 증대에 주력할 필요가 있을 것이다.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권30호
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• pp.263-291
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 1980년대 초반에 형성된 이후 한국 만화문화와 함께 성장해온 한국의 동인문화, 그리고 동인문화의 주류를 이루고 있는 야오이와의 관계를 1990년대에 초점을 맞춰 분석하고 있다. '동인' 및 '동인지' 등의 용어를 공통적으로 사용한다는 사실에서 알 수 있듯이, 한국 동인문화는 일본 동인문화와 밀접한 관계를 맺으며 성장해 온 한편, 한국사회의 특수한 맥락을 반영한 독자적인 특성을 보여주고 있다는 사실은 상대적으로 간과되어 왔다. 본 논문에서 1990년대에 주목하는 이유는 1980년대에 만화동호회를 중심으로 본격적으로 시작된 한국의 동인문화가 여러 변화- 야오이의 수용 및 정착, PC통신을 통한 커뮤니티화, 청소년보호법의 시행 및 코믹월드의 시작-를 겪으면서 현재 존재하는 한국 동인문화의 토대를 만들어냈기 때문이다. 그리고 이 과정에서 성행위를 포함한 남성간의 동성애 및 2차 창작이라는 특성을 지닌 야오이의 수용 및 정착은 프로지향의 아마추어 만화가로 이루어진 만화동호회 중심이었던 한국의 동인문화를 팬중심의 문화로 변화시키는데 결정적인 역할을 했다. 1990년대 중반까지는 기존의 만화동호회 중심의 창작만화동인과 야오이로 대표되는 팬중심의 동인문화가 공존하고 있었지만 1997년 청소년보호법의 시행과 1998년 일본대중문화 개방으로 인해 한국만화산업이 위축되면서 창작만화동인도 그 영향을 받게 된다. 이는 1999년 시작된 동인이벤트 <코믹월드>의 인기와 함께 2차창작으로서 동인문화가 대세로 자리잡는 한 원인이 되기도 했다. 정리하자면, 야오이의 수용과 정착은 1990년대 한국 동인문화에서 일어난 가장 중요한 변화로서 1) 성행위를 포함한 남성간의 동성애라는 파격적인 내용을 통해 여성들이 향유하는 새로운 하위문화로서 자리잡았고, 2) 2차 창작으로서 기존의 창작만화동인과는 다른 새로운 인구를 한국 동인문화의 주류로 부상시켰다고 평가할 수 있다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제60권10호
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• pp.24.1-24.8
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• 2018

Background: Following the ban on the importation of import-dependent fed ingredients in most developing countries, the need to look inward for local content is now compelling. Thus, leaf meals that have phytogenic additive potentials are envisaged will be a viable feed ingredient in rabbit diets. Methods: The effect of dietary inclusion of gliricidia leaf meal (GLM) with or without multi-enzyme (E) supplementation in rabbits was investigated using ninety-six 35-day old rabbits of crossbreed (Newzealand and Chinchilla). One basal diet that met the requirements of growing rabbit was formulated (Diet 1). Thereafter, another two diets were formulated to contain 15% GLM and 15% GLM plus multi-enzyme at 1 g/kg and designated as diets 2 and 3 respectively. The rabbits were randomly distributed into the 3 diets (32 rabbits/treatment; 4 rabbits/replicate) and fed their respective experimental diets for 8 weeks. Results: The body weight and daily weight gain of the rabbits fed on GLM free diet and those on GLM-based diets (diets 1 and 2) were similar at finishing period of 63-91 day but have lower (P < 0.01) values than those rabbits fed GLM + E based diet (diet 3) at finishing period (63-91 days) and whole fattening period (35-91 days). The apparent dry matter and crude protein digestibility of rabbits fed control diet and those fed 15% GLM based diet were lower (P < 0.05) than those fed 15% GLM + E-based diet. Triglycerides concentration of rabbits fed 15% GLM-based diet without enzyme addition were lower (P < 0.05) than those observed for rabbits on the rest test diets. Cholesterol and Low-Density Lipoprotein levels of rabbits fed 15% GLM and 15% GLM + E-based diets were lower (P < 0.05) than those fed the GLM free diet. The superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase of rabbits fed the GLM free diet (diet 1) were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those fed the 15%GLM and 15% GLM + E-based diets. Conclusion: Dietary inclusion of GLM at 15% of the diet did not have a negative effect on the rabbits postweaning period (35-63 days) but will require multi-enzyme supplementation to enhance growth indices at finishing period (63-91 day) without precipitating negative effect on the rabbits' health status.