• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.411-415
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• 2023

An odontoid process fracture is a serious type of cervical spine injury. This injury is categorized into three types based on the location of the fracture. Severe or even fatal neurological deficits can occur due to associated cord injury, which can result in complete quadriplegia. Computed tomography is the primary diagnostic tool, while magnetic resonance imaging is used to evaluate any associated cord injuries. These injuries can occur either directly from the injury or during transportation to the hospital if mishandled. There are two main treatment approaches: surgical fixation or external nonsurgical fixation, with various types and models of fixation devices available. In this case study, computed tomography follow-up confirmed that external fixation can yield successful results in terms of complete healing, even in cases complicated by other factors that may impede healing, such as pregnancy.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 2023

The fast development of vaccines against the novel coronavirus disease is among the most critical steps taken to control this potentially fatal viral disease. Like other vaccines, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines can also cause unwanted reactions. Erythema multiforme (EM) is among the oral mucocutaneous side effects of COVID-19 vaccines. This study aimed to comprehensively review the reported cases of EM since the global onset of COVID-19 vaccination. Data from 31 relevant studies regarding the type and dose of COVID-19 vaccines administered, time of initiation of symptoms, age, and gender of patients, site of involvement, patients' medical history, and treatment options were extracted. In total, 90 patients were identified with EM as a side effect of COVID-19 vaccination across studies. EM had the highest frequency after receiving the first dose of mRNA vaccines in older individuals. The first symptoms of EM appeared in less than 3 days in 45% and after 3 days in 55% of patients. EM is not a common side effect of COVID-19 vaccination, and fear of its occurrence should not impede vaccination.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.291-300
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• 2024

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), a congenital genetic disorder, is a notable contributor to the prevalence of chronic kidney disease worldwide. Despite the absence of a complete cure, ongoing research aims for early diagnosis and treatment. Although agents such as tolvaptan and mTOR inhibitors have been utilized, their effectiveness in managing the disease during its initial phase has certain limitations. This review aimed to explore new targets for the early diagnosis and treatment of ADPKD, considering ongoing developments. We particularly focus on cell polarity, which is a key factor that influences the process and pace of cyst formation. In addition, we aimed to identify agents or treatments that can prevent or impede the progression of renal fibrosis, ultimately slowing its trajectory toward end-stage renal disease. Recent advances in slowing ADPKD progression have been examined, and potential therapeutic approaches targeting multiple pathways have been introduced. This comprehensive review discusses innovative strategies to address the challenges of ADPKD and provides valuable insights into potential avenues for its prevention and treatment.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.7
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• pp.2781-2789
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• 2024

We developed lead gloves that minimize radiation dose to the operator's hands during interventional radiological procedures and that do not impede the operator's surgical capabilities. Existing lead gloves can protect the operator's hands by shielding radiation, but use of such gloves may impair preception sensitivity, resulting in a reduction in the operator's surgical ability. Accordingly, in this study, we developed modified lead gloves that can reduce radiation dose while maintaining operator sensitivity during procedures by modifying the operator's main surgical finger area in existing lead gloves. To evaluate the performance of developed modified lead gloves, radiation was applied in surgical conditions without gloves and with surgical gloves, lead gloves, and modified lead gloves. The radiation dose was evaluated for each condition. When the modified lead gloves were worn, the degree of shielding was similar to when conventional lead gloves were worn. Based on these results, if the operator wears modified lead gloves during interventional radiological procedures, they will protect the hands from radiation while maintaining physical sensitivity in the hands.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.268-278
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to subdivide responsive teaching types proposed in the previous study in order to observe the change in the responsive teaching types in teacher educational programs, and to identify factors that impede changes in responsive teaching types. To this end, an educational program including introduction of responsive teaching, case analysis of responsive teaching, individual assignments and group discussions on facilitator type educational scenarios is provided for chemistry teachers who participated in a chemistry education course established in a graduate school of education. Based on previous research, when the teacher's teaching method was analyzed as evaluator, transfer, guide and facilitatore, a type that could not be classified was observed. In this study, responsive teaching types were added by adding two types: explorer and interpreter. In addition, through individual assignments and group discussion data, we could observe the factors that hinder teachers' responsive teaching changes. The obstacles that impede the change to responsive teaching were classified into teacher factors, student factors, and environmental factors. Among the obstacles, teacher factors include a belief in teacher-led instruction, a belief in the role of a teacher as a transfer of knowledge, a belief that the curriculum should be followed, a lack of understanding of the teacher about students, and a lack of the teacher's ability to lead student-led expansion. The student factor was distrust of the student's competence. Also, as an environmental factor, there was an educational environment such as multi-students class. Effective teacher education on responsive teaching can be achieved only when the perception related to these obstacles can be removed.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether ipsilateral shoulder pain affects the sensorimotor function of the same side shoulder in patients with stroke. Methods: Thirty stroke patients, who were divided into the ipsilateral shoulder pain group (n=15) and the ipsilateral shoulder non-pain group (n=15). Subjects were evaluated on performance of a tracking task, joint reposition test and 9-Hole pegboard test for sensorimotor functions, and Fugl-Meyer test and Motricity Index for functional ability of the contralateral side. Results: In comparison of the two groups, significant differences in performance on functional ability, including the Fugl-Meyer test(both upper and lower limb) and Motricity Index(only lower limb) were observed (p<0.05). With regard to sensorimotor functions, the ipsilateral shoulder pain group were observed significantly poor scores on the Accuracy Index, joint reposition score and 9-Hole pegboard test, when compared with the ipsilateral shoulder non-pain group (p<0.05). Conclusion: We found that ipsilateral shoulder pain could impede accurate performance of a movement and result in deteriorated proprioception of the ipsilateral shoulder. Therefore, careful evaluation and appropriate therapeutic intervention are essential for stroke patients who suffer from ipsilateral shoulder pain.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.49-65
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• 2010

The expanded role of courts in arbitral procedures is said to have certain detrimental effects on the cost-effective approach to arbitration. This is the case when the court is appointing an arbitrator, pursuant to the specific domestic legal regime. The danger of decisions, especially those with expanded role of courts can create delays and hurdles. Even with contradictory viewpoints, the role of the court should complement the arbitral tribunal and not impede the functioning of arbitration independent of the judicial system. In this paper, two recent cases in Korean Supreme Court are reviewed, trying to find the proper implications on further arbitration practices especially in the stage of arbitrator appointment. Even though the proper appointment of arbitrators is essential to the existence of valid arbitration proceedings, appointment of arbitrators by the courts should constitute an administrative power, and not a judicial power. The cases reviewed make clear that the court must play a facilitative role in international commercial arbitration by assisting the parties in appointing the arbitral tribunal, the court intervention must be kept to a minimum.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.188-193
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• 2017

Alveolar cleft is a tornado-shaped bone defect in the maxillary arch. The treatment goals for alveolar cleft are stabilization and provision of bone continuity to the maxillary arch, permitting support for tooth eruption, eliminating oronasal fistulas, providing an improved esthetic result, and improving speech. Treatment protocols vary in terms of the operative time, surgical techniques, and graft materials. Early approaches including boneless bone grafting (gingivoperiosteoplasty) and primary bone graft fell into disfavor because they impaired facial growth, and they remain controversial. Secondary bone graft (SBG) is not the most perfect method, but long-term follow-up has shown that the graft is absorbed to a lesser extent, does not impede facial growth, and supports other teeth. Accordingly, SBG in the mixed dentition phase (6-11 years) has become the preferred method of treatment. The most commonly used graft material is cancellous bone from the iliac crest. Recently, many researchers have investigated the use of allogeneic bone, artificial bone, and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein, along with growth factors because of their ability to decrease donor-site morbidity. Further investigations of bone substitutes and additives will continue to be needed to increase their effectiveness and to reduce complications.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.84-87
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• 2016

Titanium micro-mesh implants are widely used in orbital wall reconstructions because they have several advantageous characteristics. However, the rough and irregular marginal spurs of the cut edges of the titanium mesh sheet impede the efficacious and minimally traumatic insertion of the implant, because these spurs may catch or hook the orbital soft tissue, skin, or conjunctiva during the insertion procedure. In order to prevent this problem, we developed an easy method of inserting a titanium micro-mesh, in which it is wrapped with the aseptic transparent plastic film that is used to pack surgical instruments or is attached to one side of the inner suture package. Fifty-four patients underwent orbital wall reconstruction using a transconjunctival or transcutaneous approach. The wrapped implant was easily inserted without catching or injuring the orbital soft tissue, skin, or conjunctiva. In most cases, the implant was inserted in one attempt. Postoperative computed tomographic scans showed excellent placement of the titanium micro-mesh and adequate anatomic reconstruction of the orbital walls. This wrapping insertion method may be useful for making the insertion of titanium micro-mesh implants in the reconstruction of orbital wall fractures easier and less traumatic.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.2601-2610
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• 1993

A numerical study on the melting process inside an isothermal spherical capsule is made. It is assumed that the phase change medium of its solid phase is heavier than the liquid phase and therefore the unmelted solid core is continuously moving downward on account of gravity forces. Such a gravity-assisted melting is commonly characterized by the existence of a thin liquid film below the solid core. The present study is motivated to present a full-equation-based analysis of the influences of the initial subcooling and the natural convection on the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics associated with the gravity-assisted melting. In the light of the solution strategy, the present study is substantially distinguished from the existing works in that the complete set of governing equations in both the melted and unmelted regions are resolved without subdivision of the solution domains. For example, the liquid film region and the upper melted region are treated here as one domain and thus obviating laborious efforts to couple them. Numerical results are obtained by varying the Rayleigh numbers and the degree of subcooling. For the range of parameters examined, the presence of subcooling was found to impede the melting rate. The dropping velocity of the unmelted solid core was observed to affect the natural convection in the liquid significantly. When compared with the available experimental data, much improved prediction was achieved.