• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.67-81
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• 1995

There is a vessel which shall not impede the passage of any other vessel in the COLREGS 1972. But the issue was raised that the words of "not to impede" were vague. Therefore, IMO adopted new paragraph (f) to be added to Rule 8 that a vessel which is required not to impede the passage of another vessel is not relieved of this obligation if approaching the vessel so as to involve risk of collision. It means that the ship which is obliged not to impede should contributes to avoid collision and to the safe passage of the other vessel. Also it results that the application of Collision Rules should be changed. But until now, it seems that the mariners are not familiar with this subject. This paper, therefore, aims to define the meaning of "not to impede" and clarify it's legal concept so as to adequate application of the Collision Rules for the collision avoidance at sea.on avoidance at sea.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.61-75
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• 2001

There are two different groups of vessels which have a duty to avoid the other vessel in the Collision Regulations； one is a vessel to keep out of the way and the other is a vessel not to impede the passage. The definition and duty of a vessel not to impede was clarified by IMO＇s adoption of rule 8(f) of 1972 COLREG in 1987 revision. However, the Korean government has not inserted rule 8(f) of 1972 COLREG into Korean national collision regulations to date and so the definition and application for a vessel not to impede has not been discussed in even academic circle. Recently Korean Supreme Court rendered a verdict on a collision case involved with a vessel not to impede. The writer expresses his view on the duty of a vessel not to impede and criticizes the Supreme Court's judgment, consulting with foreign scholar's article and the relevant IMO's papers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2000.10b
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• pp.101-110
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• 2000

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.83-95
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• 1980

The purpose of this study is to investigate the reasons of Object Attachment Occurrence in infant and the meanings of it in his early development. For this purpose, the following hypotheses were supposed. 1. Infant's object Attachment will be a substitutional for mother attachment when he has opportunities to his mother during his first years. 2. Infant's Object Attachment will not impede the infant's normal development. In order to test this hypotheses 28 mothers whose infants show or have shown this phenomenon and 28 mothers whose infants show or have shown this phenomenon and 28 mothers whose infants do not show this one were interviewed about their child rearing practice and attitude. They were selected by the random sampling method from 310 household wives living at a delux Apt. in Seoul. The results obtained in this study are as follow ; 1. The less opportunities infant has for 1) his mother's breast feeding 2) having physical contact with his mother 3) spending time with his mother 4) receiving prompt response from his mother to his crying, the more he is apt to show this phenomenon. And infant whose first main attachment figure is not his mother also shows the same apt. 2. There was no difference between two groups in intelligence and personality. So it can be concluded that infant's Object Attachment is a substitutional phenomenon for mother attachment in the mother during his first years, and it does not impede infant's normal development.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.241-272
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• 2022

This purpose of this study was to use the meta-summary method to systematically integrate the findings of the heterogeneous qualitative research on the factors influencing the sexual identity formation process of lesbian, gay, and bisexual groups in Korea. The integrative investigation of the universal or unique factors affecting the identity formation of sexual minority is important to understand their internal experiences and support their psychological adaptation. Using a qualitative meta-summary, this study systematically identified and abbriviated the psychological and social factors that promote or impede the sexual identity acceptance and integration of LGB individuals. First, a total of 9 studies which were published in Korea up to 2021 were identified through the research database. The included studies were critically evaluated by using the Critical Appraisal Screening Programme tool. A total of 179 statements were extracted from the findings of each study and 34 abstracted statements were generated. The 34 abstracted statements were categorized into four groups, psychological factors that promote or impede sexual identity formation and social factors that promote or impede it. These four main categories and corresponding factors in each category were explained. The implications and limitations were also discussed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.179-190
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• 2020

As the business environment is rapidly changing with globalization and complexity of information flows, the uncertainty is also very increased for project environment. Although many studies have been conducted to find out the critical factors for project success, there still exist different views to define project success. Furthermore, implementing success formula for one project does not necessarily guarantee a success for another project since there are other elements that impede the success of project. In this regards, it is imperative to examine what are the barriers to project success. This study aims to examine the barriers that impede the success of project. Past literature was thoroughly reviewed to collect and develop a preliminary list of elements that affected project performance negatively. Experts were interviewed to refine the list and the final list of the measurement items were developed. A survey questionnaire was developed with the final list of measurement items, and a survey was conducted on the practitioners with project experience. After the survey, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the final list to extract the component dimensions which in turn formed the group of project barriers. The exploratory factor analysis provided ten factors, which are difficulty of process management, failure of project feasibility analysis, cost overruns and lack of cost benefits, unclarity project plan, strategic consistency error, stakeholder conflict, inaccuracy of requirement definition, disturbance of communication, technical environment change, negative attitude of top management.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.30 no.7 s.250
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• pp.865-872
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• 2006

High frequency induction welding is widely employed for longitudinal seam welding of small scale tubes and pipes because of its relatively high processing speed and efficiency. This research is aimed at understanding the variables that affect the quality of the high frequency induction welding. The welding variables include the welding frequency, weld speed, V-angle and tube thickness. Temperature distribution of the tube is calculated through three dimensional coupled electromagnetic and thermal FE analysis. The skin and proximity effects are considered in the electromagnetic analysis. The influence of the impeder is also analyzed. The effects of the operating welding variables on the temperature distribution are investigated quantitatively by exhibiting the heat affected zone (HAZ). The results explain the mechanism of significant enhancement of welding efficiency when the impeder is used. The proper welding conditions without the overheated edge are obtained through FE analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.117-123
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• 2020

Due to high corrosion resistance, Zinc has been widely used in the automobile, shipping or construction industries as a galvanizing material. Zinc is popular as a coating element, but its low mechanical strength impede the expansion of applications as a load-bearing structure. The mechanical strength of Zinc can be increased through zinc based alloy process, but the ductility is significantly reduced. In this study, the mechanical strength and ductility of Zinc-Magnesium alloys with respect to heat treatment hold time was investigated. In order to enhance the mechanical strength of Zinc, a Zinc-Magnesium alloy was fabricated by a melting process. The heat treatment process was performed to improve the ductility of Zinc-Magnesium alloy. The microstructure of the heat-treated alloy specimen was analyzed using SEM. The hardness and compressive strength of the specimen were measured by a micro-hardness tester and a nano-indenter, respectively.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 1994

Direct current (DC) applied to cotyledons during a 16 h inductive dark period inhibited the flowering in the short-day plant, Pharbitis nil Choisy cv. Violet. The inhibitory effect of DC was more profound when the current flowed from roots to cotyledons, showing its polarity-dependent action. The second half on the inductive dark period was more sensitive to DC stimulus. The flowering was significantly depressed only when DC stimuli were applied to the translocation path of the floral stimulus from the induced cotyledon to the apex, suggesting that the transport of floral stimulus was damaged by the DC treatment. The vegetative apex culture bioassay system showed that a significant level of the floral stimulus activity existed in the phloem exudate from the cotyledons which would fail to form their own floral buds. These results strongly support the hypothesis that DC partially impede, at least temporarily, the transmission path of the floral stimulus from florally-induced cotyledon to the apex, rather than depressing in situ synthesis of the floral stimulus.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.143-146
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• 2011

A ventriculo-peritoneal shunt is a standard surgical management for hydrocephalus, but complications may impede the management of this disease. Obstruction of the catheter is one of the most common complications and manifests clinically in various ways. Intraparenchymal cyst development after shunt malfunction has been reported by several authors, but the underlying mechanism and optimal treatment methods are debatable. The authors report a case of intraparenchymal cyst formation around a proximal catheter in a premature infant after a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt and discuss its pathogenesis and management.