• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.407-414
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• 2020

Objective : Since the first discovery of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19), rapid and wide spread of the disease has been reported and the World Health Organization announced that a 'pandemic' has started. Up to date there is little known regarding the impact of this outbreak on spinal specialists' daily clinical practice. We intended to evaluate how COVID-19 has affected the number of spinal disease patients we meet and operate in daily practice. Methods : The de-identified data regarding number of patients visiting the spine clinic at a tertiary referral hospital and a secondary level hospital from January, February and March of 2017 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The number of out-patient department (OPD) visits, number of emergency room (ER) visits as well as number of surgeries performed during the reviewed period were collected and analyzed, comparing 2020 to the previous 3 years. Results : The number of daily OPD visits showed a steady decrease starting from January, and presented a statistically significant decrease by early March 2020, compared to the previous 3 years. During the same period, decrease in number of daily ER visits was statistically significant as well. The number of elective surgeries or number of surgeries for patients admitted via ER during COVID-19 outbreak remained similar to that of 2017-2019 suggesting, despite the decrease of patients visiting the hospital for spinal diseases, those whom required surgery still visited the hospital. The results were consistant among other hospital level. Conclusion : The outbreak of COVID-19 affected our daily practice as OPD and ER visits reduced but did not affect the number of surgeries. We believe that this report will be informative to spinal specialists worldwide fighting the COVID-19 pandemic.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.209-223
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• 2022

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused significant changes. This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on patients with chronic pain. Methods: Patients with chronic pain from 23 university hospitals in South Korea participated in this study. The anonymous survey questionnaire consisted of 25 questions regarding the following: demographic data, diagnosis, hospital visit frequency, exercise duration, time outside, sleep duration, weight change, nervousness and anxiety, depression, interest or pleasure, fatigue, daily life difficulties, and self-harm thoughts. Depression severity was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between increased pain and patient factors. Results: A total of 914 patients completed the survey, 35.9% of whom had decreased their number of visits to the hospital, mostly due to COVID-19. The pain level of 200 patients has worsened since the COVID-19 outbreak, which was more prominent in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Noticeable post-COVID-19 changes such as exercise duration, time spent outside, sleep patterns, mood, and weight affected patients with chronic pain. Depression severity was more significant in patients with CRPS. The total PHQ-9 average score of patients with CRPS was 15.5, corresponding to major depressive orders. The patients' decreased exercise duration, decreased sleep duration, and increased depression were significantly associated with increased pain. Conclusions: COVID-19 has caused several changes in patients with chronic pain. During the pandemic, decreased exercise and sleep duration and increased depression were associated with patients' increasing pain.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2024

Purpose: This study investigated hand-washing practice among community-dwelling older adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and aimed to identify the impact of COVID-19-related concerns and depression on hand-washing practice. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of data extracted from the 2020 Community Health Survey. The primary data were collected through self-reporting from August 10 to September 8, 2020 in a cross-sectional study. The subjects comprised of 1,350 adults aged 65 or older living in Jeju Province who participated in the 2020 Community Health Survey. Results: The factors affecting hand-washing practice among older adults were male older adults (β = -.18, p < .001), age (β = -.07, p = .001), no education (β = -.20, p < .001) and elementary, middle, and high school graduation (β = -.15, p < .001) compared to a college or higher education, poor health perception (β = -.13, p < .001), COVID-19-related concerns (β = .08, p = .005), and depression (β = -.07, p = .001). To summarize, the factors negatively affecting hand-washing practice included male gender, lower education level, poor health perception, and depression. In contrast, factors positively associated with hand-washing practice included COVID-19-related concerns. Conclusion: These findings show the importance of considering these multifaceted determinants when designing targeted interventions and educational programs to promote hand-washing among older adults. Additionally, based on the relationship between hand-washing practice and COVID-19-related concerns and depression, interventions that can alleviate mental problems along with providing proper education are required.

• 항공우주의학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.91-94
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• 2020

The coronavirus infectious disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a profound impact on the aviation industry. In order to overcome this crisis, airlines have made their efforts in various fields. Therefore, we tried to summarize these efforts of airlines. It is also essential to keep aircraft that have been in landing for a long time in optimal condition. In this paper, we tried to find out about efforts to maintain landing aircraft and maintenance of personnel. Through such constant care, airlines will be able to quickly respond to increasing aviation demand when the infectious disease situation is stabilized in the future. Finally, airlines and passengers must make several efforts to ensure that passengers are free from COVID-19 while traveling by air. These include general precautions to prevent infection, separation of airline personnel and passengers, changes in seat assignments and in-flight services, periodic aircraft disinfection, and prevention of in-flight infections.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.205-220
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• 2023

In this study, impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on PM_2.5 mass and its five chemical components (NH₄⁺, NO₃^-, SO₄^2-, OC, EC) in Busan was evaluated, and compared with that of Seoul. The study period over the recent three years was sub-divided into two periods: Pre-COVID (2018~2019) and COVID (2020) periods, and the differences in observed annual and monthly variations between the two periods were explored here. The results indicated that annual mean PM_2.5 mass concentrations decreased during the COVID period by 16% in Seoul and 29% in Busan, and the satellite-observed annual average of aerosol optical depth (AOD) over the Korean Peninsula also decreased by approximately more than 10% compared with that of the Pre-COVID period. All of the five chemical components decreased but no particular changes were found in their fractions occupied during the COVID period. However, over the Lock-down period (2020-March), the sulfate fraction decreased in Seoul, mostly reflecting the recent Chinese trends of aerosol characteristics, whereas the nitrate fraction considerably decreased in Busan, which was attributable to the local emission changes and their variabilities in Busan. Other meteorological characteristics such as higher frequencies of easterly winds in the Busan area during the COVID period were also discussed in comparison with those in the Seoul area.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.80-89
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• 2021

2020년 1월 30일, 세계보건기구(World Health Organization)는 COVID-19의 확산이 "국제보건규정(International Health Regulations)" 제1조에 규정된 "국제적 공중보건 비상사태(Public Health Emergency of International Concern)"의 기준을 충족한다고 선언하고, 팬데믹 퇴치를 위한 다양한 예비 권고를 제안하였다. 이후 3월부터 팬데믹이 본격화되면서 (일부 국가에서는 마스크 착용이 법으로 금지되었음에도 불구하고) 갑자기 공공장소에서 마스크를 쓰라는 지시가 내려졌다. 경제·사회 환경이 예상치 못한 방향으로 바뀌면서 법조계에서도 화상심리 도입 등 조금씩 변화의 바람이 불기 시작했다. 아마도 COVID-19 이후에는 이전의 일상과는 매우 다른 모습으로 변화될 가능성이 크다. COVID-19가 국제중재 진행방식에도 영향을 미치고 있는바 관건은 이러한 영향이 몇 년 동안만 지속되는 일시적인 문제로 그칠 것인지, 아니면 COVID-19의 확산이 국제중재 진행방식의 전환점이 될 것인지가 의문이다. 이러한 이해를 바탕으로 본 연구는 COVID-19가 국제중재에 미치는 영향 및 효과를 고찰하고, 향후 전망을 제시한다.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.37-53
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• 2023

본 연구는 헤도닉가격모델과 공간적 이질성을 고려한 지리가중회귀모델을 바탕으로 코로나19에 따른 유형별 소매유통시설 접근성이 아파트 가격에 미치는 전역적·국지적 시계열 영향을 실증분석 하였다. 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전역적 측면에서 소매유통시설은 유형별로 주변 아파트 가격에 차별적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 코로나19가 소매유통시설에 미친 영향은 존재하였으나, 역시 유형별로 차별적인 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 국지적 측면에서 코로나19에 따라 소매유통시설이 주변 아파트 가격에 미치는 영향 변화는 지역별, 유형별로 차이를 보였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구는 유형별 소매유통시설이 아파트 가격에 미치는 영향력은 차별적이라는 사실을 확인하였으며, 특히 코로나19 발생 전과 후 유형별 소매유통시설이 주변 지역에 미치는 영향 역시 국지적으로 차별화되고 있다는 점을 명확히 하였다. 이는 코로나19와 같은 외부 충격이 소매유통시설의 역할과 인식을 바꿀 수 있다는 것을 의미하며, 이를 토대로 본 연구는 엔데믹 시대 소매유통시설의 부정적 영향을 줄이고 주거지 환경을 개선할 수 있는 정책적 시사점을 제시하였다.

• 경제분석
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.67-90
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• 2021

본 연구는 투자자의 거래행태를 민감하게 반영하는 비트코인(BTC) 시장 자료를 이용한 실증분석을 통해 COVID-19 팬데믹이 발생하기 전과 후에 변동성과 거래량의 비선형 관계가 바뀌었다는 흥미로운 사실을 발견하였다. 즉, COVID-19 팬데믹 이전의 안정적 시장 상태에서는 정보 유입 패러다임에 근거한 이론처럼 두 변수의 관계가 양(+)으로 나타났지만 COVID-19 팬데믹 기간에 발생한 극단적 시장 스트레스 상태에서는 두 변수의 의존관계 구조가 달라지고 심지어 음(-)의 관계가 나타났다. 이는 행태경제학적 관점에서 COVID-19 팬데믹 기간의 시장 스트레스 증가가 투자자의 거래 행태(behavior)를 변화시켜 자산시장에 구조변화를 일으켰으며, 변동성과 거래량의 비선형 의존관계(특히, 극단적 분위수(quantiles)의 의존성)에 중대한 영향을 미친 결과라고 추론해 볼 수 있다. 따라서 정보 유입 외에 시장 스트레스로 인한 행태적 편의나 군집행동(herding)과 같은 심리현상이 두 변수의 의존관계 구조를 변화시키는 주요인이 될 수 있다는 전제하에 이를 검정해보았다. 본 연구는 실증분석을 위해 Ross (2015)의 구조변화 탐지 검정을 수행하였으며, 독립적이고 동일하게 분포하는(i.i.d.) 임의변수 가정 없이 비선형 관계구조와 분포 꼬리 부분의 비대칭적 의존관계를 면밀히 파악할 수 있는 Copula 회귀분위수(CRQ) 접근법을 제안하였다.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.253-261
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aims to identify the knowledge, risk perception, fear, self-efficacy, and preventive behaviors among nursing students, and factors influencing preventive behaviors on COVID-19. Methods: Data was collected from March, 2022 to May, 2022. The participants included 218 nursing students in their 3rd and 4th grade of three universities in two cities. Results: The knowledge of COVID-19 was 13.54 out of 15 points, risk perception was 4.83 out of 8 points, fear was 13.26 out of 35 points, self-efficacy was 19.96 out of 25 points, and preventive behaviors were 7.56 out of 9 points. The explanatory power of self efficacy (β= .21, p= .002), which affects preventive behaviors was 67.0%. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to develop a systematic nursing intervention that improves self-efficacy to improve preventive behaviors against COVID-19 among students. This study's result can be used in the future to develop appropriate health policies and program to prevent emerging infectious diseases.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.309-323
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and test a model for posttraumatic growth among cured patients with COVID-19. This model was based on Calhoun and Tedeschi's Posttraumatic Growth model and a literature review. Methods: The participants comprised 223 patients cured from COVID-19 who were ≥ 19 years of age. The data were collected through an online questionnaire from March 21 to 24, 2022. The assessment tools included the Impact of Event Scale: Revised Korean version, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Distress Disclosure Index, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Korean version of the Event-related Rumination Inventory, and the Korean version of the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS version 24.0 and IBM AMOS 26.0. Results: The modified model showed appropriate goodness of fit (χ² = 369.90, χ² /degree of freedom = 2.09, SRMR = .09, RMESA = .07, CFI = .94, TLI = .93). The post-traumatic growth of cured patients with COVID-19 was explained through distress perception, self-disclosure, and deliberate rumination, with the explanatory power being 70.0%. Conclusion: This study suggests preparing a disaster psychology program involving experts who can activate deliberate rumination is necessary. Further, this study may serve as basic data for developing a program to enhance the post-traumatic growth of patients cured from COVID-19.