• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.61-66
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of Alpina officinarum (AO) ethanol extract on immunocompromised mice. The mice were injected intraperitoneally with an immunosuppressive drug, cyclophosphamide, and then administrated orally with 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg of ethanol extract of AO (AO 30, AO 100, and AO 300, respectively). The concentrations of cytokines and immunoglobulins (IgM, IgA, IgG) in serum were measured. The body weight of the mice and spleen cell number of the AO-fed group showed no significant difference compared to a control group. The concentrations of several cytokines, including IL-2, IFN-${\gamma}$, and TGF-${\beta}$, in serum showed a significant increase in the AO 100 group compared to the control and other groups (p<0.05). The IL-4 level showed no significant difference in the experimental groups. The supplementation of AO (30, 100, 300 mg/kg) significantly increased the concentration of IgM (p<0.05). The concentration of IgA was significantly increased in the AO 100 group (p<0.05) compared to the control group. It can be concluded that AO ethanol extract enhances immune function by promoting the production of cytokines and immunoglobulins.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.32-42
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted on the immunoregulatory effect of Saengshik on gut-associated lymphoid tissue with inflammatory bowel disease. Although the contents of IgA increased in mesenteric lymph node, IgE content was suppressed by Saengshik. The same results were found in spleen, but IgA and IgE responses were very weak. Concentration of fecal IgA was high from the first day through the third day in Saengshik group. In DSS + Saengshik group, concentration of IgA was high till the 2nd day and it maintained the highest level among the test groups on 5th day. Concentration of IFN-gamma and IL-2 was the highest in the Saengshik group, but the concentration of TNF-alpha was lower in DSS + Saengshik compared to DSS. The expressions of STAT1 in Saengshik group were high, while those of STAT6 were low According to these findings, Saengshik exhibited effectiveness via increasing the IgA production, suppressing the IgE production, followed by inhibiting the production of IL-4 and IL-10. Saengshik also strengthened the immune system and alleviated injury in DSS -induced inflammation.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.217-222
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study evaluated the immunoregulatory effect of phellinus linteus ethanol (PLE) extracts on liver damage on carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) induced in rats. Four-week old Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the three experimental groups randomly; Control group, $CCl_4$ group, $CCl_4$ + PLE group. We found that effect of PLE on $IFN-\gamma$, STAT1 and pSTAT1 was decrease in vivo. Several genes were demonstrated to be IL-4 inducible prior to the discovery of STAT6. IL-4, STAT6 and pSTAT6 decreased significantly lower in $CCl_4$ + PLE than the $CCl_4$ group. Our data indicated that cytokine protein production were increased in $CCl_4$ group with $CCl_4$ + PLE group. In our data indicate that IgA levels in MLN lymphocytes were low, while IgE was high in $CCl_4$ + PLE group compared with $CCl_4$ group. Therefore, the results of this study show that PLE can be proposed to protect the liver against $CCl_4$-induced immunoregulatory activity in rats.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.244-249
• /
• 2004

Background: Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH), an important regulator of stress response, has a potent immunoregulatory effect with the ability to promote the growth of various cancer through CRH receptor type 1 under stress. Although the metastasized cancers through cell migration are more aggressive than the primary cancers, little is known about the effect of CRH on cell migration. Gastric cancer is prone to metastasize to other tissues and it is reported that gastric cancer is response to various stresses such as oxidative stress. Herein, we studied the relationship between CRH and gastric cancer cell migration. Methods: We used gastric cancer cell line, MKN-28 and tested the CRH receptor type 1 expression on MKN-28 by RT-PCR. To examine the change in the ability of migration by CRH in MKN-28, cells were incubated with CRH and then migration ability was measured using a cell migration assay. Results: We confirmed that CRH receptor type 1 was expressed in MKN-28 and HaCaT cells. The migration ability of MKN-28 cells was increased by CRH in a time-, dose- dependent manner. Conclusion: These data suggest that CRH increases migration ability in gastric cancer cell line and that CRH may be a critical regulator in the metastasis of gastric cancer cell.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.543-553
• /
• 2003

Due to considerably high degree of sequence homology between bacterial and human heat shock proteins(hsp), it has been widely thought that this protein might be involved in autoimmune disease mechanisms in humans. To elucidate how stress proteins contribute in the immunopathogenesis of periodontitis, the present study was performed to evaluate the T cell immune responses specific to Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) heat shock protein (hsp)60 and T-cell epitope specificities for P. gingivalis hsp60 in periodontitis. Anti-P. gingivalis IgG antibody titers were elevated in all patients. We could establish P. gingivalis hsp-specific T cell ines from the peripheral blood of peridontitis, a mixture of $CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$ cells. Of 108 overlapping synthetic peptides spanning whole P. gingivalis hsp60 moleculc, ten peptides with cpitopes specifities for T-cell were showed. Interestingly, ten epitopes were also identified as T-cell epitopes in the present study as well as B-cell epitopes in peridontitis. Therefore, all the ten representative epitopes were designated as common T-and B-cell epitopes for peridontitis. It is critical in developing a peptide vaccine strategy for potential prevention of periodontitis. It was concluded that P. gingivalis hsp60 might be involved in the immunoregulatory process of periodontitis with heat shock protein specificities.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.69 no.4
• /
• pp.256-264
• /
• 2010

Background: According to the notion of the immunoregulatory functions of moxifloxacin (MFX), the effect of MFX on the neutrophilic respiratory burst in conjunction with the expression of cytosolic phospholipase $A_2$ ($cPLA_2$) was investigated. Methods: The effects and possible mechanisms of MFX on neutrophilic respiratory burst in oleic acid (OA)-induced acutely injured rats lung and OA-stimulated, isolated murine neutrophils were probed, associated with the expression of cytosolic phospholipase $A_2$ in vivo and in vitro. Results: In the OA-induced acutely-injured lungs, neutrophils were accumulated, which was attenuated by MFX. The parameters denoting a neutrophilic respiratory burst, such as nitro blue tetrazolium reaction, cytochrome-c reduction, neutrophil aggregation, $H_2O_2$ production in neutrophils revealed increased neutrophilic respiratory burst by OA, and MFX decreased all of these parameters. In addition, the enhanced expression of $cPLA_2$ in the lung and isolated murine neutrophils by OA were decreased by MFX. Conclusion: MFX suppresses the OA-induced neutrophilic respiratory burst by the suppression of $cPLA_2$ in neutrophils.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.222-228
• /
• 2009

Lupus is characterized by immunoregulatory abnormalities between T- and B-cells leading to autoantibody production and multiorgan injuries. We investigated whether bamboo culm extract (BC) ameliorates aberrant activation of T cells and B cells and attenuate production of IL-6 in pristane-induced lupus mice. Lupus was induced by i.p. a single injection of 0.5 ml of pristane in female BALB/c mice, which, later about 4 months, were used as a lupus model. The pristane-induced lupus mice and healthy mice were injected i.p. with BC 5 ${\mu}l$/kg or PBS once a day for 3 weeks. These results demonstrated that BC significantly decreased levels of serum and BAL IL-6 and production of IL-6 by macrophages with/without LPS, and downregulated expression of NKT cell and CD86+ CD45R/B220+, but not CD80+CD45R/B220+ and CD69+CD4+ in the splenocytes in pristaneinduced lupus mice. Moreover, BC greatly increased Con A-stimulated production of IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-${\gamma}$ by splenocytes obtained from pristane-induced lupus mice. Therefore, our findings suggest that BC may ameliorate lupus pathogenesis in pristane-induced lupus mice via downregulation of aberrant activation of NKT cells and B cells and inhibition of production of IL-6.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.36-44
• /
• 2011

Objective : Propolis (PP) has been used in oriental medicine. PP has various biological activities. However, its immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory activities have not been well studied. In this study, I investigated these activities of PP by using ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma in mice. Methods : To examine the effect of PP on allergic asthma, mice were sensitized with $100{\mu}g$ of OVA and 1mg of aluminum potasssium sulfate (Alum; Sigma) intraperitoneally on day 0 and 7. On day 14, mice were challenged on consecutive 3 days with 5% OVA and AHR was assessed 24 hours after the last challenge. To examine severity of AHR, I examined the population of eosinophiles and T cells in spleen and lung and cytokine production in T cells. Futhermore, I examined histological changes during the OVA-induced allergic asthma. Results and Conclusion : PP reduced the population of eosinophil and CD4+ T cells on the OVA-induced AHR mice model. PP also inhibited IL-4 production but increased INF-g production in T cells. These results suggest that PP may be beneficial material for allergic asthma.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.41-46
• /
• 2002

In our study, the several cytokines were determined in phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of Adamantiades-Behcets patients. Adamantiades-Behcets disease (ABD) is a systemic inflammatory disorder and might involve immune dysfunction. High levels of $TNF-\alpha,\;IL-1\beta$ and $IFN-{\gamma}$ indicate the activation of inflammatory reactions and immune system in ABD. Gami-Phedoc-San (GPS) is an Oriental herbal medication, which has been used in Korea for the treatment of ABD. GPS (1 mg/ ml) significantly inhibited the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, $TNF-\alpha\;and\;IL-1\beta$, compared to absence of GPS (by $50.5{\pm}1.9%$ inhibition for $TNF-\alpha$ and $106.9{\pm}16.8%$ for $IL-1\beta$). GPS also inhibited the production of $IFN-\gamma$, immunoregulatory Th1 cytokine, by $78.4{\pm}2.8%$. The inhibitory effects of GPS on cytokine secretion showed dose-dependent manner, and the pre-treatment of 1 mg/ml GPS had better effects than immunosuppressive drug for treatment of ABD, cyclosporin A. Our results suggest that GPS treatment for ABD patients might have pharmacological activity of immune and inflammatory responses through the cytokine modulation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.179-191
• /
• 2003

Since periodontal infections are suggested as risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases, the present study was performed to evaluate the T cell immune responses specific to Pophylomonas gingivalis(P. gingivalis) heat shock protein(hsp) 60 and T-cell and B-cell epitope specificities for P. gingivalis hsp60 in atherosclerosis. Anti-P, gingivalis IgG antibody titers were elevated in all patients. We could establish P. gingivalis hsp-specific T cell lines from the atheroma lesions, a mixture of $CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$ cells producing the cytokines characteristic of both Th1 and Th2 subsets. of 108 overlapping synthetic peptides spanning whole P. gingivalis hsp60 molecule, ten peptides with common epitopes specificities for both T-cell and B-cell were identified. it was concluded that P. gingivalis hsp60 might K involved in the immunoregulatory process of atherosclerotic diseases with epitope specificities.