• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.333-337
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• 1998

This study was carried out to get infomation on the nitric oxide production ability and its formation mechanisms of polysaccharides extracted from Ganoderma lucidum(PSG) by using murine macrophage cell line. The cultured mycelial cells of Ganoderma lucidum were extracted by alkali, and than neutralized by acid. The extract were passed through the column of DEAE cellulose for more purification. The neutral fraction was concentrated and precipitated with 95% ethanol. The precipitate was lyophilized and PSG was obtained. The immunomodulating effects of PSG on macrophage were performed by using murine macrophage cell line ATCC TIB 71 cells with PSG 0.5mg. PSG alone could not induce the production of nitrite, but it had a significant potential effect on nitrite secretion when the cells were primed and triggered with BCG and Interferon(IFN)-${\gamma}$. Also it was prominent by using calcium channel blocker(verapamil) and adenylate cyclase activator(forskolin).

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.76-79
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• 2012

Statin is commonly used for lowering cholesterols and can be myotoxic to cause drug-induced necrotizing myopathy. Statin-induced myopathy ranges from asymptomatic hyperCKemia to lethal rhabdomyolysis but is usually reversed by withdrawal of causative drugs. The patient in this study presented with statin-induced necrotizing myopathy, which was finally improved with immunosuppressive therapy, but not just with drug withdrawal. Since statin can induce myopathy through autoimmune processes, we should consider using immunomodulating agents in cases with statin-induced myopathy, which is refractory to drug withdrawal.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.231-234
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• 1996

Two acetophenone glycosides, 2, 4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy acetophenone $4-O-\beta-D-glucopyranoside(I)$, 2, 4, 6-trihydroxy acetophenone $2-O-\beta-D-glucopyranoside(II)$, together with coniferin(III) were isolated from the aerial parts of Artemisia stolonifera (Max.) Kom. The structures of the compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. Compound IIwas also confirmed as a new phenolic glycoside from natural sources. In addition, compound I induced cytostatic activity of macrophasges, while compounds II and III did not.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.217-222
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• 2000

Bacterial components and their derivatives have been reported to mediate various immunomodulating activities and to activate immune cells including macrophage. In this study, the secretory and cellular macrophage response to teichoicated fragments (TFs) from pneumococcal cell wall subcomponent were examined. Tumoricidal activity was measured by MTT assay and secretory molecules were assessed by biological assay. After stimulation of macrophages with various doses of TFs for 18hrs, secretion of TNF-$\alpha$, nitrite and $H_2O$$_2$ were significantly increased as compared to medium-treated control. In addition, tumorcidal activity of TFs-treated macrophages was enhanced, whereas production of IL-1 and IL-6, and phagocytic activity were not induced. These data suggest that TFs is a potent inducer of macrophage secretory and cellular activities.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.209-212
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• 2005

In the present study, we have tested the effects of 21 salt marsh plants on cell proliferation of mouse immune cells (spleen and thymus) using MTT assay in culture. The methanolic extracts of six salt marsh plants (Rosa rugosa, Ixeris tamagawaensis, Artemisia capillaris, Tetragonia tetragonoides, Erigeron annus, and Glehnia littoralis) showed very powerful suppressive effects of mouse immune cell death and significant activities of cell proliferation in vitro. Especially, the methanolic extract of Rosa rugosa was found to have fifteen times compared to the control treatment, demonstrating that Rosa rugosa may have a potent stimulation effect on immune cell proliferation. These results suggest that several salt marsh plants including Rosa rugosa could be useful for further study as an immunomodulating agent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.147-153
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• 1995

The cultured mycelial cells of Ganoderma lucidum was extracted by alkali, and then neutralized by acid. The extract was passed through the column of DEAE cellulose for more purification. The neutral fraction was concentrated and precipitated with 95% ethanol. The precipitate was lyophilized and then PSG(polysaccharides) was obtained. PSG was composed of 82.2% polysaccharide, 0.7% protein and 17.1% uronic acid. Sugar conjugates of its hydrolysates were produced using with fluorescent compound(7-amino-1,3-naphthalene disulfonic aicd : 7-AGA), and then fluorescent labeled sugar conjugates were separated by reverse phase high perfomance liquid chromatography. Hydrolysates of PSG were composed of sixteen amino acids and 95.7% glucose, 2.7% xylose, 1.6% fucose and tract amount of galactose and mannose. The immunomodulating effects of PSG on macrophage were perfomed using murine macrophage cell line ATCC TIB 71 cells. PSG augumented the phagocytic activity of TIB 71 cells against fluorescent latex beads.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.367-371
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• 2006

Phellinus pini (Hymenocaetaceae) has been used for the immunomodulating activity hypolipidemic effect, gastric cancer non-insulin dependant diabetes, diarrhea, and menstrual irregularity. From the screening of each fraction for the inhibitory activity of NO production in lipopolysaccaride (LPS) activated RAW 264.7 cells, methanol extract of Phellinus pini and hexane soluble fraction exhibited inhibition of NO production compared with LPS control without toxicity. The hexane soluble fraction showed dose dependent inhibition of NO production. According to activity guided fractionation, the active hexane fr. was repeatedly chromatographed over silica gel, ergosta-4,6,8(14),22- tetraen-3-one was isolated. The compound inhibited NOS activation (IC$_{50}$ = 29.7 uM) and NO production of activated macrophage at 30 uM.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.541-547
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• 1995

In order to investigate the usability of PALMIWON as antidiabetic immuno-modulating prescription for Insulin-dependent diabetes, we studies the effects of PALMIWON on immune cell and ${\beta}-cell$. U937 was used as the model of immune cell and RINm5F as the model of ${\beta}-cell$. The effects of PALMIWON was measured by cell viability in terms of MIT assay. As a result, PALMIWON and the compositional drugs showed the different effects m immune cell and ${\beta}-cell$. Cell viability of U937 was significantly decreased wheras that of RINm5F was no significantly difference between drug treated group and control, or significantly less reduction compared with U937. It implies that PALMIWON is useful as immunotherapeutic agents in the prevention and therapy of type 1 diabetes.

• Translational and Clinical Pharmacology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.172-176
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• 2018

Mandatory registration of clinical trials in public registry can ensure the transparency of clinical trials. Public clinical trial registry of can provide current chronological and geographical distribution of clinical trial throughout the country. We used public clinical trial registry provided by Ministry of Food and Drug Safety to analyze current status of clinical trial from 2014 to 2016 in South Korea. The number of clinical trials in antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents area was the greatest, followed by cardiovascular system and antiinfectives for systemic use as a whole. From 2014 to 2016, overall number of clinical trials decreased while the number of phase I clinical trials increased. Seoul accounted for more than half number of clinical trials in Korea. Supports for clinical trials in non-metropolitan area needs to be considered.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.351-355
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• 2018

Treatment towards wound healing, a complex and dynamic process, has been given a great deal of efforts in the last few decades. Focus has been imposed on developing wound dressings that meet the requirements for proper wound healing. In this study, hydrogel made from blends of poly (vinyl alcohol) and ${\beta}$-1,6-branched-${\beta}$-1,3-glucan (beta-glucan) were synthesized by modified solvent casting method for wound dressing application. Optimization of hydrogel composition and analysis of wound dressing parameters such as stability and fluid uptake capacity (in the presence of water, saline and different pH solutions) has been studied. The result indicated that the PVA/beta-glucan hydrogel hold its structural integrity even at alkaline pH (pH~9) and upholds fluids four times of its original weight. Thus, the developed hydrogel is expected to be a promising candidate as wound dressing.