• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 1993

Immune functions of mice bearing Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) were significantly suppressed when evaluated with mitogen responsiveness, IL-2 production and non-specific suppressor activity. Based on these immunosuppressive characteristics of LLC bearing mice, immunomodulating activates of Copolang were investigated in this model. After 15 days of LLC inoculation, Copolang was intraperitoneally administered for 7 consecutive days with doses of 20 or 200 mg/kg. Immune functions were evaluated 3 days after the final administration of Copolang. The results showed that the growth of LLC solid tumor was not inhibited by Copolang. But, mitogens-induced proliferation, IL-2 production and responsiveness to recombinant IL-2 of splenocytes were significantly augmented by the treatment of Copolang. However suppressor cell activity was not affected by Copolang. These results indicate that Copolang expresses potent immunomodulating activates through the augmentations of IL-2 production and responsiveness to recombinant IL-2, which have been generally known to be suppressed in tumor bearing mice, without affecting the growth of tumor.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.237-245
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate physicochemical characteristics of the Mozzarella cheese produced by Streptococcus macedonicus LC743 with immunomodulating activity. The Mozzarella cheese produced by S. macedonicus LC743 has contents of water, protein and fat 53.16%, 53.16% and 20.52%, respectively. In case of nitrogen composition, water soluble nitrogen (WSN), trichloroacetic acid soluble nitrogen (TCASN), phosphotungstic acid soluble nitrogen (PTASN) has the value of 0.384%, 0.051% and 0.060 Nmg/g, respectively. Total amino acid of Mozzarella cheese produced by S. macedonicus LC743 has the higher contents of amino acid than Mozzarella cheese produced by commercial starter except for cysteine. The Mozzarella cheese has immunomodulating activity on IL-$1{\alpha}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, NO with the value of >2,000 pg/mL, 743.38 pg/mL and $8.31{\mu}M$, respectively. The immunomodulating activity of Mozzarella cheese produced by S. macedonicus LC743 was higher than domestic of imported cheese.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.96-104
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• 2017

To obtain the immunomodulating polysaccharide from chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus sclerotia, IO), crude polysac- charide fractions (IO-M-CP and IO-CP, respectively) prepared from hot-water extract (IO-W) of I. obliquus by EtOH precipitation after MeOH reflux or not. After IO-W was re-dissolved in water followed by EtOH addition in the case without MeOH reflux, EtOH mixture was fractionated into EtOH-soluble (IO-E) and crude polysaccharide (IO-CP). In the meanwhile, MeOH-soluble fraction (IO-M) was separated from IO-W after MeOH reflux. The residue was dissolved in water and was added by EtOH, and then EtOH mixture was also fractionation into EtOH-soluble (IO-M-E) and crude polysaccharide (IO-M-CP). As a result of the macrophage stimulating activity of these fractions, IO-CP and IO-M-CP showed significantly increased cell proliferation and cytokines production than IO-W. Particularly, IO-M-CP promotes the production of IL-12 more than IO-CP. In the splenocytes proliferating activity and intestinal immune system modulating activity through Peyer's patch, both of 2 crude polysaccharide fractions were significantly promoted in cell proliferation and cytokines production than IO-W, and IO-M-CP was more potent than IO-CP in IL-2 production from splenocytes and GM-CSF production ($10{\mu}g/mL$) in Peyer's patch cells. In addition, immunomodulating polysaccharide fractions (IO-M-CP and IO-CP) prepared from IO-W by EtOH precipitation with or without EtOH reflux showed no significant difference in the chemical composition and component sugar. These results suggested that MeOH reflux might exclude low-molecular weight materials from IO-W and consequently increase the immunomodulating activity of IO-M-CP. Therefore, it was confirmed that immunomodulation of polysaccharide prepared from hot-water extract of chaga mushroom was enhanced by fractionation including MeOH reflux and EtOH precipitation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.699-705
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• 2000

The superoxide scavenging activities of thirteen kinds of herbal extracts were examined together with their cytotoxic and immunomodulating effects. The extracts of 6 kinds of herbs such as eucalyptus, mate, peppermint, sage, thyme and yarrow, so called medicinal herbs, showed above 70% of the superoxide scavenging activities. They also showed cytotoxicities against the cancer cell lines of Hepa-1c1c7 and KB-3-1 as well as the normal fibroblast cell line of mouse. The $IC_{50}$ values of above 6 herb extracts on the cancer cell lines were above or similar to the $IC_{50}$ values on the normal cell line, so it was unable to observe the herb extract which showed cytotoxicity only to the cancer cell lines. Considering the results of nitric oxide test that the sage extract was the only one having the immunomodulating effect(37% of positive control), there was no significant relationship between the superoxide scavenging activities of herbs and their immunomodulating effects.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.188.2-189
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• 2000

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.371-374
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• 1994

Effects of the polysaccharide fractions purified from Artemisia selengensis and Artemisia iwayomogi on the immune system was studied. The polysaccharide fractions, respectively called ASP1 and AIP1, may interact with macrophages and lymphocytes in spleen, increasing the population of those cell types in vivo and in vitro. Both ASP1 and AIP1 fractions also syuppress transplanted tumor cell growth and augment antibody production. This study suggests that ASP1 and AIP1 fractios may have immunomodulating and antitumor activities.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.235-241
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• 1996

The rhamnan sulfate extracted from green algae seaweed, Monostroma nitidum was characterized as activity in vitro culture assay with macrophages from mice. Rhamnan sulfate indicated that F-4-3 fraction enhanced glucose consumption, as well as the production of nitrogen dioxide and tumor necrosis factor(TNF). F-4-3 fraction was also augmented IL-1 secretion from those macrophages. Effects of the pretreatment of peritoneal macrophages with rhamnan sulfate F-4-3 fraction and several polysaccharides as relative standard on the production of H2O2 induced with unopsonized zymosan A were examined. Pretreatment with polysaccharides inhibited the zymosan A mediated H2O2 production by macrophages. The phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) mediated H2O2 production was not affected by the pretreament. These result suggested that pretreatment of rhamnan sulfate interfered with the interaction of macrophages zymosan A. Rhamnan sulfate inhibited zymosan A mediated production of H**O** by macrophages and F-4-3 Fraction was also activator of macrophages.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.65-71
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• 1997

This study was carried out to purify and to characterize various bioactive material acemannan from Aloe vera. Purified acemannan was mannose (67%) and acetyl group (23%), and the rest of glucose was galactose that consists of long chain polydispered beta-(1, 4) linked mannan polymers. The sugar and acetyl group in the molecule were linked by molar ratio of 3 : 1. This polysaccharide from Aloe vera may provide functional flood and potential drug source with antiviral and immunomodulating properties.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.213-218
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• 2002

In the previous report, we described the in vivo antitumor activity of PJ-4, a protein-polysaccharide fraction prepared from the culture filtrate of an insect-born fungus, Paecilomyces tenuipes DGUM 32001. In the present study, we elucidated the immunomodulating activity of PJ-4 on the BALB/c mouse splenic lymphocytes using flow cytometrical techniques. As a result, PJ-4 was found to stimulate the lymphocytes not only to form lymphoblasts but also to express CD25 (IL-2 receptor $\alpha$ chain) molecule, which is well known as a T cell activation marker. More interestingly, its T cell stimulatory activity was more strongly exerted on CD8$^{+}$ T cells than on CD4$^{+}$ T cells. All these data suggest that PJ-4 exerts its antitumor activity at least partly through stimulation of T cells which play major roles in the cell-mediated immune system.tem.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.187-191
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• 2010

Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) has been identified to have various biological activities. This study was performed to investigate the potential of chaga mushroom as a immunomodulating functional food. When mouse splenocytes were exposed to various concentration of hot water extracts of chaga mushroom (IOE) with mitogens (Con A, LPS), splenocytes proliferation was significantly increased. Also, IFN-$\gamma$ and IL-4 levels were significantly enhanced. Therefore, our results suggest that chaga mushroom may have the potential of being an immunomodulating functional food.