• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.147-159
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• 1991

Effects of twenty-one different flavonoids and their related compounds on the phagocytosis of colloidal carbon by macrophages in liver and spleen humoral immune responses against bacterial $\alpha$-amylase and cellular immune responses against oxazolone and dinitrofluorobenzene were studied in vivo and in vitro. It was shown that most of the flavonoids accelerated significantly the phagocytosis, and they suppressed significantly not only humoral and cellular immune responses but also the development of immunological memory after the antigenic stimulation. Especially, malvin was the most active in phagocysis, and disodium cromoglycate and morin were the most active in humoral and cellular immunosuppression, respectively. Daidzuin had the most potent inhibitory activity in the development of memory cells. The structure-activity relationships of the flavonoids in immunosuppression became apparant from these results: 1. The presence of $C_{2-3}$ double bond and $C_4$ Ketone group in C-ring was important for their immunosuppressive activity. 2. Flavonoids with benzene ring at 2 or 3 position in C-ring showed the almost same activities. 3. The opening of C-ring did not affect their immunosuppressive activity. 4. The glycosylated flavonoids at 3 position in C-ring were less less potent than their aglycones. 5. Di-or tri-hydroxylated flavonoids in B-ring were more potent than mono-hydroxylated. 6. Chromanochromanone also had the immunosuppressive activity.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.292-300
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• 2021

Macrophages residing in various tissue types are unique in terms of their anatomical locations, ontogenies, developmental pathways, gene expression patterns, and immunological functions. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) reside in the alveolar lumen of the lungs and serve as the first line of defense for the respiratory tract. The immunological functions of AMs are implicated in the pathogenesis of various pulmonary diseases such as allergic asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP), viral infection, and bacterial infection. Thus, the molecular mechanisms driving the development and function of AMs have been extensively investigated. In this review article, we discuss the roles of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in AM development, and provide an overview of the anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory functions of AMs in various contexts. Notably, we examine the relationships between the metabolic status of AMs and their development processes and functions. We hope that this review will provide new information and insight into AM development and function.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2011

진균의 phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL)와 식물의 PAL간 그리고 PAL과 histidine ammonia-lyase (HAL)간의 구조적 특성 관계에 대한 이해를 얻기 위해 옥수수병원균인 깜부기균(Ustilago maydis)의 PAL에 대한 면역학적 분석을 수행하였다. 진균의 PAL 항체와 식물의 PAL 항체를 이용하여 분석하였을 때 실험한 모든 종의 PAL 간에 교차반응이 나타났다. 알팔파 PAL 항체와 포플라 PAL 항체 모두 식물 PAL은 강하게 인식하였으나 진균의 PAL은 약하게 인식하였다. U. maydis PAL은 Rhodotorula glutinis 효모의 PAL만 약하게 인식하였다. U. maydis PAL은 식물의 PAL에 대해서 낮은 친화성을 보였으나 Pseudomonas 세균의 HAL에 대해서는 강한친화성을 보였다. 2종의 식물 PAL 항체들 또한 Pseudomonas 세균의 HAL에 대해 강한 친화성을 보였다. 진균과 식물의 PAL 항체는 PAL 효소의 활성 저해를 나타냈으며 세균의 HAL 효소의 활성에 대해서도 중도적 저해를 나타냈다. 세균의 HAL 항체는 식물과 효모와 Ustilago PAL 중에 Ustilago PAL 활성만 저해하였다. 식물의 PAL과 진균의 PAL 모두 효모의 PAL 활성은 저해하지 못했다. 본 연구는 PAL과 HAL간에 면역학적 관계가 있음을 처음으로 보고한다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 1998

The catabolic ${\alpha}$-acetolactate synthase was purified to homogeneity from Serratia marcescens ATCC 25419 using ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-Sepharose, Phenyl-Sepharose, and Hydroxylapatite column chromatography. The native molecular weight of the enzyme was approximately 150 kDa and composed of two identical subunits with molecular weights of 64 kDa each. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme was determined to be Ala-Gln-Glu-Lys-Thr-Gly-Asn-Asp-Trp-Gln-His-Gly-Ala-Asp-Leu-Val-Val-Lys-Asn-Leu. It was not inhibited by the branched chain amino acids and sulfometuron methyl herbicide. The optimum pH of the enzyme was around pH 5.5 and the pI value was 6.1. The catabolic ${\alpha}$-acetolactate synthase showed weak immunological relationships with recombinant tobacco ALS, barley ALS, and the valine-sensitive ALS isozyme from Serratia marcescens.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.3635-3638
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• 2015

Several improvements in ovarian cancer treatment have been achieved in recent years, both in surgery and in combination chemotherapy with targeting. However, ovarian tumors remain the women's cancers with highest mortality rates. In this scenario, a pivotal role has been endorsed to the immunological environment and to the immunological mechanisms involved in ovarian cancer behavior. Recent evidence suggests a loss of the critical balance between immune-activating and immune-suppressing mechanisms when oncogenesis and cancer progression occur. Ovarian cancer generates a mechanism to escape the immune system by producing a highly suppressive environment. Immune-activated tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in ovarian tumor tissue testify that the immune system is the trigger in this neoplasm. The TIL mileau has been demonstrated to be associated with better prognosis, more chemosensitivity, and more cases of optimal residual tumor achieved during primary cytoreduction. Nowadays, scientists are focusing attention on new immunologically effective tumor biomarkers in order to optimize selection of patients for recruitment in clinical trials and to identify relationships of these biomarkers with responses to immunotherapeutics. Assessing this point of view, TILs might be considered as a potent predictive immunotherapy biomarker.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.122-129
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• 2020

Objective: The survival of a semi-allogeneic fetus depends on several immunological mechanisms, and it has been suggested that recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) could develop as a result of one or more immunological abnormalities. Methods: Compatibility between partners for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes and the relationships between maternal killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and paternal HLA-Bw4/Bw6 and HLA-C1/C2 supra-groups were investigated in 25 couples with RPL in comparison to healthy couples with children. HLA and KIR genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers and/or sequence-specific oligonucleotides. Results: HLA class I incompatibility between partners, especially in HLA-B alleles, was more common in the RPL group (p= 0.01). HLA-C2 homozygosity was more frequent in the male partners of RPL couples than in other groups (p= 0.03). The KIR2DL5 gene frequency was significantly higher in both the female and male partners of RPL couples, whereas the KIR2DS3 gene frequency in male partners of RPL couples was significantly reduced (p= 0.03). The presence of KIR2DL3 in women with RPL was correlated with the presence of HLA-C2 alleles in their spouses (p= 0.03). Conclusion: Our data from a Turkish population suggest that male HLA-C2 homozygosity may play an important role in RPL. Additionally, an incidental match between male HLA-C2 and female HLA-C1 ligand KIR receptors might perturb the balance between activatory and inhibitory KIR-ligand interactions during pregnancy in couples affected by RPL. The roles of orphan KIR2DL5 and orphan KIR2DS3 in RPL remain obscure.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1725-1728
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• 2007

Mast cells are key effector cells in the early phase allergic inflammation and in diverse immunological and pathological processes. In order to understand the effect on reduction of the anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE antibody-induced β-hexosaminidase release in RBL-2H3 rat mast cells, a novel series of 4-senecioyloxymethyl- 6,7-dimethoxycoumarins (SMDC) was prepared by reacting 4-chloromethyl-6,7-dimethoxycoumarin with various carboxylic acids. Compounds 8-11 with cyclic moiety such as phenyl, thiophenyl, pyridinyl, and furanyl group were found to inhibit-hexosaminidase release more potently (5.98-9.62 μM) than compounds 3- 7 and 12 with acyclic moiety (19.32-76.78 μM). Furthermore, compounds 8 and 9 inhibited IgE-induced ear swelling and significantly reduced systemic passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction in mice.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.40-47
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• 2022

Considering its hematological and immunological functions, spleen is a very important organ. A change occurs in its size as the spleen performs these functions. This study aims to examine the possible relationships between spleen volume and the basic hemogram and biochemical parameters in serum. Multidetector computed tomography images and basic hemogram and biochemical parameters of 74 adult individuals, 34 male and 40 female, who were found to be healthy, were used in the study. Spleen volume was estimated using the Cavalieri method on multidetector computed tomography images and the correlations between the volume value with basic hemogram and biochemistry parameters were researched. While negative significant correlations were found between the estimated spleen volume and lymphocyte percentage (r=-0.224) and platelet level (r=-0.271); positive significant correlations were found between hemoglobin level (r=0.228), hematocrit level (r=0.237), alanine aminotransferase (r=0.345), and erythrocyte level (r=0.375). As a result of this study, a relationship was found between spleen volume and lymphocyte percentage, hematocrit level, erythrocyte level, platelet level, and alanine aminotransferase level in serum. We believe that the results of the study will provide a larger perspective to clinicians in the diagnosis of diseases associated with spleen.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.221-229
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• 2009

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is the most contagious disease of mammals. The use of inactivated vaccine can be chosen to prevent or control FMD. However, vaccination against one serotype of FMDV doses not cross-protect against other serotypes and may not protect fully against some strains of the same serotype. Appropriate selection of vaccine strain is an important element in the control of FMD. The immunity of vaccine antigens should be matched against newly circulating viruses. The phylogenetic analysis of serotype Asia1 reported from China, Mongolia, North Korea and Russia since 2005 shows that they are all classified into genetic group V, but the strain, Asia1/Shamir (ISR/89) which have been used as a vaccine strain in Korea, is clustered into different genetic group. So, in this study the serological relationship between the isolate (Asia1/MOG/05; MOG) and the Shamir strain was determined by ELISA and virus neutralization test. Even though the matching value of the virus (MOG) against the vaccinated sera in target animals was not so high, the vaccinated animals elicited antibodies enough for protection after vaccinated once or twice. Conclusively, we suggest that the vaccine containing Asia1/Shamir antigen could protect the genetic group V strains circulating in East Asia currently if vaccinated twice or the more.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.3-9
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• 1994

암의 원인, 과정 및 예후와 심리적 특성 또는 행동변인들(behavioral variables) 사이에 연관성이 있는지, 있다면 어떻게 영향을 미치는지 아직 결정적인 증거는 제시되지 않고 있다. 이에 대해서는 동질(homogeneous)집단을 대상으로 치밀하게 고안된 전향적 (well-designed, prospective) 연구계획을 통하여 장기간의 추적조사가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 또한 암환자에서 나타나는 정신과적 문제에 신속하게 대처하기 위하여 종양전문의와 정신과 의사간의 긴밀한 자문체계가 수립되어야 할 것이다. 정신종양학 분야에서 정신과 의사의 역할과 연구의 촛점은 다음과 같이 될 수 있다. 1. 암 예방: 원인적 측면에서 암의 발생과 연관되는 것으로 알려진 정신사회적, 요인들을 감소 또는 제거시키는 역할(예를 들면 스트레스, 흡연, 주정중독 등). 2. 암 치료: 1) 암의 각종 치료에서 환자의 순응(compliance)을 강화시켜 주는 역할. 2) 암환자에서 병발한 정신장애의 치료. 3) 암환자의 동통이나 오심 등의 치료. 4) 암환자의 삶의 질(quality of life)에 대한 지각을 향상시키도록 도와주는 역할. 3. 암 연구: 1) 암의 발생 또는 암환자의 생존에 영향을 미치는 정신사회적 요인들의 조사. 2) 심리반응 또는 정신사회적 요인들과 면역반응사이의 연관성 조사. 3) 암환자에서의 정신치료와 인지-행동치료의 효과규명. 4) 화학요법제 또는 방사선치료가 정신병리와 인지기능에 미치는 영향 조사 등.