• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.867-872
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• 2012

Background: $FOXP3^+$ regulatory T cells (Tregs) inhibit effector T cell functions and are implicated in tumour progression. However, together with microvessel density (MVD) they remain controversial prognostic predictors for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and potential associations have yet to be determined. The objective of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of Tregs and MVD and their potential relationship in RCCs. Design: Paraffin-embedded tissues from 62 RCC patients were analysed using immunohistochemistry to detect $FOXP3^+$ lymphocytes, and double immunohistochemistry to detect different microvessel types in the tumour interior, rim and normal kidney tissue, and their correlation with clinicopathological characteristics. Survival analysis was also performed. Results: The presence of $FOXP3^+$ cells in the tumour interior or the rim showed no correlation with death from RCC and other pathological characteristics. Negative correlations were noted between the immature MVD in the tumour interior or the rim and tumour size, tumour stage and overall survival; however, there was no correlation with the nuclear grade or pathological type. A positive correlation between $FOXP3^+$ Tregs and immature MVD (r=0.363, P=0.014) and mature MVD (r=0.383, P=0.009) was confirmed in the tumour interior. However, there was no correlation between $FOXP3^+$ Tregs and mature MVD (r=0.281, P=0.076) or immature MVD (r=0.064, P=0.692) in the tumour rim. Conclusions: In this study, a positive correlation between the presence of $FOXP3^+$ Tregs and immature and mature MVD in RCC was confirmed, which suggests a link between suppression of immunity, tumour angiogenesis and poor prognosis.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.37
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• pp.16.1-16.7
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• 2015

Background: This study aimed to investigate new bone formation using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) and locally applied bisphosphonate in rat calvarial defects. Methods: Thirty-six rats were studied. Two circular 5 mm diameter bony defect were formed in the calvaria using a trephine bur. The bony defect were grafted with $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$ only (group 1, n = 9), $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$ wetted with rhBMP-2 (group 2, n = 9), $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$ wetted with rhBMP-2 and 1 mM alendronate (group 3, n = 9) and $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$ wetted with rhBMP-2 and 10 mM alendronate (group 4, n = 9). In each group, three animals were euthanized at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after surgery, respectively. The specimens were then analyzed by histology, histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry analysis. Results: There were significant decrease of bone formation area (p < 0.05) between group 4 and group 2, 3. Group 3 showed increase of new bone formation compared to group 2. In immunohistochemistry, collagen type I and osteoprotegerin (OPG) didn't show any difference. However, receptor activator of nuclear factor ${\kappa}B$ ligand (RANKL) decreased with time dependent except group 4. Conclusion: Low concentration bisphosphonate and rhBMP-2 have synergic effect on bone regeneration and this is result from the decreased activity of RANKL of osteoblast.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2018

An 11 year-old male Korean short-haired cat was presented to local animal hospital due to weight loss, vomiting, and intestinal hypomotility. After the cat was euthanized by poor clinical outcomes, necropsy was performed at Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency. At necropsy, the stomach was enlarged and had some nearly complete pellet food and the yellow mucous contents. The lumen of the middle and lower parts of the jejunum became narrow. Histopathologically, medium-sized lymphoid cells with hyperchromatic nuclei enclosed by scant cytoplasm were diffusely proliferated from mucosa to serosa of the small intestine. These findings were mainly observed in the jejunum and slightly in the duodenum and ileum. The monomorphous lymphocytes were 1 to 1.5 times larger than red blood cells and had few mitotic figures. Metastasis of the tumor cells to other organs was not observed. In the result of immunohistochemical analysis for identifying the origin of tumor cells, CD3 was expressed, but $CD79{\alpha}$ was not detected in the infiltrated cells. This case was diagnosed as T cell intestinal lymphoma in a Korean short-haired cat based on the clinical signs, gross findings, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.20 no.2 s.91
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• pp.123-128
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• 2005

We have addressed two important issues of immunosensing biochips, including the construction of antibody functionalized suface for efficient affinity reactions and the development of a signal registration strategy that converts biospecific reactions into highly quantifiable electrochemical and/or optical signals. The developed immunoassay reaction is an integrated version of enzyme-mediated immunoprecipitaion reaction, which is widely used in immunohistochemistry, and electrochemical signaling reaction. For the evaluation of analytical performance of fabricated immunosensing biochips, signaling for mouse IgG in antiserum was conducted. Applications of the developed strategy have been found for the evaluation of histology chemicals and for the signal amplification for array-type biochip analysis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2010

Rabies virus which belongs to the genus Lyssavirus of the family Rhabdoviridae is known as a highly neurotropic virus and causes fatal encephalitis accompanied by severe neurological symptoms in almost all mammals, including humans. In this study, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against rabies virus were produced, characterized and applications of MAbs as diagnostic reagents were assessed Spleen and inguinal lymph node cells from Balb/c mouse immunized with purified rabies virus were fused with SP2/O myeloma cells using polyethylene glycol (PEG) and hybridoma cells producing rabies virus-specific MAbs were screened by an indirect fluorescent antibody test. A total of ten MAbs were produced against rabies virus. The protein specificity and neutralizing activity of MAbs were determined by Western blot analysis and fluorescent antibody virus neutralization test, respectively. As a result, two MAbs, 5G3 and 6H4 had specificity for nucleoprotein (N protein) and two other MAbs, 5B1 and 5C1 had neutralizing activity for rabies virus. Some MAbs recognized the rabies virus-infected bovine brain stem cells by immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay. In conclusion, it was confirmed that MAbs produced in this study were rabies virusspecific and could be used as reliable diagnostic reagents for the detection of rabies virus.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.80-83
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• 2003

Purpose: Evidence exists that dysregulation of apoptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of cancer development. Fasassociated death domain (FADD) protein, an adaptor protein of death receptors, is a critical regulatory component of the extrinsic cell- death pathway that exerts its pro-apoptotic effect upon binding with death receptors. Expression of the FADD protein has not been reported in stomach cancer. The aim of this study was to explore the expression status of the FADD protein in stomach cancers. Materials and Methods: In the current study, we analyzed the expression of the FADD protein in 60 advanced stomach cancer by using immunohistochemistry and a tissue microarray approach. Results: Immunopositivity (defined as $\geq\30\%$) was observed for the FADD protein in 23 ($38\%$) of the 60 cancers. Normal gastric mucosal cells showed expression of the FADD protein. Conclusion: Taken together, these results indicate that decreased expression of the FADD protein is a frequent event in stomach cancers and suggest that to avoid apoptosis, stomach cancer cells in vivo may need loss of FADD expression, which might contribute to tumor development.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.88-92
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• 2003

Purpose: Mounting evidence suggests that alterations of Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) play an important role in tumorigenesis. Phosphorylated Akt regulates many of the key effector molecules involved in apoptosis, angiogenesis, and cell-cycle progression during tumorigenesis. The expression of phosphorylated Akt has been described in some human malignancies, but not in primary human gastric cancer. The purpose of this study was to explore the expression status of phosphorylated Akt protein in gastric carcinomas. Materials and Methods: In the current study, we analyzed the expression of phosphorylated Akt protein in 60 advanced gastric adenocarcinomas by using immunohistochemistry and a tissue microarray approach. Results: Immunopositivity (defined as $\geq\30\%$) was observed for the phosphorylated Akt in 42 ($70\%$) of the 60 cancers. Normal gastric mucosal cells showed no or weak expression of phosphorylated Akt protein. Conclusion: Taken together, these results indicate that Akt is frequently activated in gastric adenocarcinoma cells and suggest that phosphorylayed Akt may play a role in the development of human gastric adenocarcinomas.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Oncology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.128-134
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• 2018

Purpose: Previous studies have addressed the role of the hypercoagulable state in the pathogenesis of cancer progression and metastasis. In this study, we investigated the association between coagulation factors, including tissue factor (TF) expression, platelet count, and fibrinogen level, and disease recurrence in patients with non-metastatic colorectal cancer. Methods: Patients who underwent curative resection for stage II or III colorectal cancer between 2000 and 2007 were included in this study. Data from a prospectively maintained database were retrospectively reviewed. TF expression was determined by immunohistochemistry using an anti-TF monoclonal antibody. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate 5-year disease-free survival. Results: TF was highly expressed in 257 of 297 patients (86.5%). TF expression was not significantly associated with the platelet counts (P=0.180) or fibrinogen level (P=0.281). The 5-year disease-free survival rate was lower in patients with high TF expression than in patients with low TF expression (72.3% vs. 83.9%, P=0.074). In Cox hazard analysis, high TF expression was an independent risk factor for tumor recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] 2.446; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.054-5.674; P=0.037). Undifferentiated histologic type (HR, 2.911; 95% CI, 1.308-6.481; P=0.009), venous invasion (HR, 2.784; 95% CI, 1.431-5.417; P=0.003), and lymph node metastasis (HR, 2.497; 95% CI, 1.499-4.158; P<0.001), were also significantly associated with disease recurrence. Conclusion: TF expression is associated with a recurrence in patients with non-metastatic colorectal cancer. However, further studies are required to clarify the underlying mechanisms relating TF expression with oncologic outcomes and its potential role as a therapeutic target.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.30.1-30.11
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• 2021

From April 2014 to September 2015, 153 piglets from 52 farms in Jeju were diagnosed with porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED). The major PED cases were focused on suckling piglets (144 piglets, 94.1%), particularly in 1-7-day-old piglets. Histopathologically, severe villous atrophy was observed in the small intestine, especially in the jejunum and ileum. The mean villous height to crypt depth ratios of the jejunum and ileum were 1.4:1 and 1.5:1, respectively. The major histopathologic findings of the small intestine were cytoplasmic vacuolation, cuboidalization, squamation, and exfoliation of the mucosal enterocytes in the villi. The cytoplasmic vacuolations in the enterocytes were the most prevalent lesions in the small intestine and were more severe in the ileum than in the jejunum. According to immunohistochemistry methods, the PED virus (PEDV) antigens were presented in the cytoplasms of the enterocytes, and were distributed more prevalently in the ileum than in the jejunum. PEDV antigens were also detected in the colon of 26 piglets (19.5%). Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis indicated that 12 PEDV had more than a 98.9% homology with each other. These PEDV strains were highly homologous with the genogroup 2 North American group.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.3513-3518
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• 2014

The 14-3-3 protein has been shown to be involved in the cancer process. However, there is no understanding of the relationship between 14-3-$3{\gamma}$ (14-3-3 gamma) expression and prognosis in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. In this study, we therefore investigated the association between protein levels by immunohistochemistry and clinicopathological features of advanced NSCLC patients. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and tested by log-rank. Multivariate analysis was conducted with the Cox's regression model to determine independence of factors. p values less than 0.05 were considered significant. A total 153 patients were studied, with 54.3% being stage III and 45.8% stage IV. Fifty-one cases (33.3%) were squamous cell carcinomas, and 98 cases (64.1%) were adenocarcinomas. High 14-3-$3{\gamma}$ expression was seen in 59.5% and significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (p=0.010) and distant metastasis (p=0.017). On Kaplan-Meier analysis, high 14-3-$3{\gamma}$ expression was associated with poorer survival with a marginal trend toward significance (p=0.055). On multivariate analysis, age, treatment, and 14-3-$3{\gamma}$ expression proved to be independent prognostic parameters. In vitro experiments indicated that 14-3-$3{\gamma}$ overexpression also played a potential role in cancer invasion. In conclusion, our data suggest that 14-3-$3{\gamma}$ overexpression is associated with invasion and a poor prognosis. Therefore, 14-3-$3{\gamma}$ may be a potential prognostic marker of advanced non-small cell lung cancer.