• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.705-711
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• 2018

Objective: This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of golden needle mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) stem waste (FVW), on organic eggs production, calcium utilization, antibody response, serum immunoglobulin, and serum cytokine concentration at early phase of production in laying hens. Methods: A total 210, 19 weeks old aged ISA Brown layers were randomly assigned into 5 equal treatment groups, with 7 replications of 6 hens each. Dietary treatment included a standard basal diet as control; antibiotic (0.05% flavomycin); 2% FVW; 4% FVW; and 6% FVW. The experimental duration was 10 weeks. Results: There was no significant differences (p>0.05) on hen day egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) among experimental groups. Unmarketable eggs were significantly lower (p<0.05) both in 4% FVW and 6% FVW fed groups than control group. The calcium retention and calcium in egg shell deposition were significantly higher (p<0.05) in FVW inclusion groups than control and antibiotic groups. Antibody titers against Newcastle diseases were significantly higher (p<0.05) in 6% FVW fed group (except combined with 4% FVW at day 147) and infectious bronchitis were significantly higher (p<0.05) in FVW fed groups (except 2% FVW and 4% FVW at day 161) than control and antibiotic groups. Serum immunoglobulin sIgA was significantly higher (p<0.05) in all levels of FVW and IgG was significantly higher (p<0.05) in 4% FVW than control and antibiotic groups. Serum cytokine concentration interleukin-2 (IL-2) was significantly higher (p<0.05) in 6% FVW; IL-6 and tumor necrotic $factor-{\alpha}$ were significantly higher (p<0.05) both in 4% FVW and 6% FVW than control and antibiotic groups; IL-4 was significantly higher (p<0.05) in antibiotic, 2% FVW and 4% FVW fed groups than control. Conclusion: F. velutipes mushroom waste can be used as a novel substitute for antibiotic for organic egg production and sound health status in laying hens.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.21-34
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• 2016

Objectives : The aim of the present study is to examine the effect and mechanism of Erycibae Caulis and Corydalis Tuber Pharmacopuncture (ECP) on a mouse model with collagen induced rheumatoid arthritis (CIA). Methods : We evaluated the Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Creatinine, and the Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of serum to examine the safety of this study. In vivo, we compared the results of the non-treated group, the normal saline pharmacopuncture treated control group, the indomethacin treated group and the ECP group. We evaluated rheumatoid arthritis manifestation and the Rheumatoid Arthritis Index (AI). Also, immune cells in blood affected by ECP were evaluated by calculating the level of white blood cells (WBC), neutrophil, lympocytes and monocytes. Next, the level of Immunoglobulin M (IgM), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-17, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ and Granulocyte-macrophage Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF)in serum were measured. We examined the imaging of cartilage degeneration using micro CT-arthrography of the hind paw. Additionally, we examined the effects of reducing bone volume (BV) ratio and bone surface/bone volume (BS/BV) ratio with 3D Micro-CT. Finally, we did a histopathologic examination analysis. Results : The absence of liver and kidney toxicity was evident. In vivo, edema of the joints of the ECP group decreased greatly in macroscopic observation. AI measurement of the ECP group also decreased significantly compared to the control group. The level of WBC, neutrophil, lympocytes, and monocytes in the blood decreased but there was no statistical significance of this data. IgM of the ECP group decreased significantly compared to the control group. IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, and GM-CSF production of the ECP group decreased significantly compared to the control group. As a result of examining joint condition with 3D micro CT, deformation and destruction of the joint was shown to have decreased. Bone density of ECP group increased at a statistically significant level compared to the control group. Degree of joint inflammation of ECP group decreased significantly compared to the control group. After H&E and M-T staining, infiltration of immune cells, subsidence of the cartilage, damage to the synovial cells and joint erosion decreased. Conclusion : This study showed that ECP hindered the process of rheumatoid arthritis and protected joints and cartilage.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.525-530
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• 2017

Weaning is the most stressful event for nursery pigs because they are moved from familiar to unfamiliar environments. In addition, weaned pigs have immature digestive and immune systems. This situation makes weaned pigs susceptible to diseases and makes the absorption of nutrients from diets difficult. A feed approach, such as dietary enzyme supplementation, can be considered a solution. This study investigated the effects of dietary enzyme cocktail on diarrhea and immune responses of weaned pigs. A total 36 weaned pigs ($5.92{\pm}0.48kg\;BW$; 28 d old) were randomly allotted to 2 dietary treatments (3 pigs/pen, 6 replicates/treatment) in a randomized complete block design. The dietary treatments were a typical diet based on corn and soybean meal (CON) and CON with 0.05% enzyme cocktail (Cocktail; combination of xylanase, ${\alpha}-amylase$, protease, ${\beta}-glucanase$, and pectinase). Pigs were fed their respective diets for 6 wk. Incidence of diarrhea, packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cells (WBC) count, and immunoglobulin content were measured. A significantly lower incidence of diarrhea (p < 0.05) was observed in the Cocktail group as compared with the CON group. The Cocktail group also showed a decreased PCV (p < 0.1) on d 3 after weaning than the CON group. However, no differences were observed for number of WBC and contents of immunoglobulin G, M, and A between the Cocktail and CON groups. Consequently, inclusion of an enzyme cocktail in diets for weaned pigs had a positive influence on gut health by reducing the incidence of diarrhea in the present study.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.655-664
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• 1999

본 논문은 조기발병형 치주염에 이환된 환자의 immunoglobulin allotype markers(Gm)에 대한 연구를 한 것이다. 원래 이전의 논문에서 Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg)에 대한 항체 역가를 측정하기위해 선택되었던 환자로 이는 subform I(distinctive localized juvenile periodontitis(LIP) pattern)으로부터 3명, subtype II(post-LJP pattern)으로부터 19명, subform III(localized but rapidly progressing pattern)으로부터 15명 그리고 subform Ⅳ(distinctive rapidly pregressing periodontitis(RPP)으로부터 24명을 추출하여 구성하였고, 각각 인종과 나이에 맞게 50명의 대조군을 구성했다. Gm type은 hemagglutination inhibition assay; b0b1b3b5, G3m(s), G3m(t)를 포함한 G1m(a), G1m(x), G1m(f), G2m(n), G3m(g), G3m(b)로 확인했었다. 관찰되어진 Gm haplotypes의 도수는 각각의 EOP subform에 따라 계산되었고 Gm phenotype은 각 환자에서 발견된 증가된 IgG subclass responses의 다양성에 따라 구분했다. 환자들 중에서 관찰된 9개의 Gm phenotype 은 4개의 Gm haplotype으로 나타났다. subform Ⅳ에서 관찰되어진 모든 4개의 Gm haplotype의 도수는 대조군과 유의성있는 차이가 났다. 특히 haplotype afnb(Gm(n))의 그것이 유의성있게 높았다. 더욱이 G2m(n)은 IgG4와 IgG1의 level뿐만 아니라 IgG2 level의 증가와 밀접한 관련이 있었다. Gm phenotype을 검사 할 때 IgG1+2와 IgG1+2+4모두에서 antibody level이 증가한 모든 환자가 일관되게 Gm phenotype agfnb나 axfnb를 가졌다. 결론적으로, IgG subclass response는 개인의 immunogenetic marker에 의해 조절되었고 genetic predisposition의 가능성은 EOP subform IV환자에서 관찰할 수 있었다. 더욱이 G2m(n)과 Gm phenotype agfnb나 axfnb 모두 IgG1+2 나 IgG1+2+4 antibody의 증가와 밀접한 관련이 있었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제76권4호
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• pp.179-183
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• 2014

Immunoglobulin (Ig) G4-related disease is a recently recognized systemic fibroinflammatory condition characterized by a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate rich in IgG4-positive plasma cells with elevated circulating levels of IgG4. The disease can either be localized to one or two organs, or present as diffuse multi-organ disease. Furthermore, lesions in different organs can present simultaneously or metachronously. In the pulmonary manefestations, lesions associated with IgG4-related disease have been described in the lung parenchyma, airways and pleura, as well as the mediastinum. We report a case of IgG4-related disease presenting as massive pleural effusion and thrombophlebitis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.236-245
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• 2017

Objective: The study was to investigate the effects of alanyl-glutamine (Ala-Gln) and glutamine (Gln) supplementation on the intestinal mucosa barrier in piglets. Methods: A total of 180 barrows with initial weight $10.01{\pm}0.03kg$ were randomly allocated to three treatments, and each treatment consisted of three pens and twenty pigs per pen. The piglets of three groups were fed with control diet [0.62% alanine (Ala)], Ala-Gln diet (0.5% Ala-Gln), Gln diet (0.34% Gln and 0.21% Ala), respectively. Results: The results showed that in comparison with control diet, dietary Ala-Gln supplementation increased the height of villi in duodenum and jejunum (p<0.05), Gln supplementation increased the villi height of jejunum (p<0.05), Ala-Gln supplementation up-regulated the mRNA expressions of epidermal growth factor receptor and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor in jejunal mucosa (p<0.05), raised the mRNA expressions of Claudin-1, Occludin, zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1) and the protein levels of Occludin, ZO-1 in jejunal mucosa (p<0.05), Ala-Gln supplementation enlarged the number of goblet cells in duodenal and ileal epithelium (p<0.05), Gln increased the number of goblet cells in duodenal epithelium (p<0.05) and Ala-Gln supplementation improved the concentrations of secretory immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G in the jejunal mucosa (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results demonstrated that dietary Ala-Gln supplementation could maintain the integrity of small intestine and promote the functions of intestinal mucosa barriers in piglets.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.245-251
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• 1991

결핵성 병변의 단순 x-ray 촬영이나 CT, MRI 소견은 매우 다양하며, 결핵과 전이암 혹은 원발성 암과 감별이 어려운 경우가 있어 결핵으로 확진하기 위하여서 조직 생검이나 수술 등 침습적인 진단 방법을 이용하여야 하였다. 그러므로 이러한 결핵 병변을 비 침습적인 방법으로 정확히 감별할 수 있는 방법을 연구하던 바, 결핵균에 대한 항체를 동위원소에 부착시켜 신티그래피로 진단할 수 있는지의 가능성을 동물실험을 통하여 알아보고자 하였다. 15마리의 가토에서 M.tuberculosis H37Rv를 슬관절에 주입시켜 결핵병변을 유발시키고, 대조군으로 2마리의 가토의 고환에 T.pallidum을 주입하여 매독병변을 유발시킨 후 M.bovis BCG에 대한 특이항체 (specific polyclonal antibody)와 정상 가토의 immunoglobulin을 I-131에 부착시켜 각각의 가토에 주입하여 preset time 10분간 감마카메라로 주사한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. (1) 8마리의 결핵에 감염된 가토에 M.bovis BCG에 대한 $F(ab')_2$를 1 mCi의 I -131 labeling 시킨후 주사한 결과 모두에서 주사후 2시간 부터 72시간까지 병소가 hot uptake으로 보였으며 주사후 24 시간에 가장 높은 target/background ratio를 보였다. (2) 2마리의 매독에 감염된 가토에서 anti-BCG $F(ab')_2$를 주사한 결과 2시간에서는 병소에 hot activity를 보였으나 24시간부터 급격히 activity가 감소하였다. (3) $F(ab')_2$ 대신에 intact antibody를 결핵에 감염된 가토에 투여한 결과 specific polyclonal antibody나 정상가토의 immunoglobulin 모두 결핵병소에 96시간까지 hot uptake를 보였다. 그러므로 결핵균에 대한 specific antibody fragment를 이용하면 방사면역 신티그램으로 진단이 가능하리라 사료되었고, intact antibody를 사용할 경우 sensitivity는 높으나 specificity는 적을 것으로 사료되었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.587-594
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• 2013

Egg consumption has been limited to avoid cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia, because the yolk contains high levels of cholesterol. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the water-soluble component of egg-yolk on the growth efficiency, immune modulation, and changes in serum lipid levels in BALB/c mice. A total 5 wk old 120 BALB/c male mice were divided into 4 groups and were fed 0, 2, 10, and 20 mg/d water-soluble egg yolk extract (WSEYE) for 5 wk. Water-soluble egg yolk extract (WSEYE) uptake resulted in a significant reduction in daily weight gain and feed efficiency rate (FER). The mouse groups treated with 2 and 20 mg/d WSEYE showed a significant increase in populations of monocytes at the third wk and B-lymphocyte activity at the fifth wk. In addition, WSEYE uptake did not influence serum immunoglobulin E levels. In serum lipid-profile studies, treatment of WSEYE did not alter total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels; however, blood triglyceride levels were significantly diminished in mice treated with 2 mg/d at the third wk (p<0.05), and the level of high-density lipoprotein was significantly increased in the mice group treated with 2 and 10 mg/d WSEYE after 5 wk (p<0.05). Taken together, the data demonstrate the beneficial effects of WSEYE in the diet on immune modulation and serum lipid profiles in mouse models; therefore, this study suggests that ingestion of water-soluble fraction of egg yolk might not be related to the increased risk of heart disease, but can be an excellent candidate for maintaining health.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 1998

본 연구는 돼지 지방세포 원형질막 단백질에 대한 항체를 면양에서 생산하고 생산된 항체의 역가 및 조직특이성을 조사하기 위하여 실시되었다. 지방세포, 뇌, 심장, 신장, 간장 및 비장으로부터 원형질막 단백질을 추출하였으며, 그중 지방세포로부터 분리한 원형질막 단백질을 면양(체중 40kg)에 3주 간격으로 3회 면역 접종시켰다. 면역접종 전, 3차 면역접종 후 10일 (AS-1), 12일 (AS-2)및 14일 (AS-3)째에 각각 면양의 경정맥으로부터 혈액을 채취하여 혈청을 분리하였다. 항체의 역가 및 기타 조직과의 교차반응성은 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)로 측정하였다. 면양에서 생산된 돼지 지방세포 원형질막 단백질에 대한 항혈청은 지방세포 원형질막 단백질과 강한 항원-항체 반응을 나타내었다. 항혈청의 교차반응성을 조사한 결과, 기타 조직의 원형질막 단백질과는 매우 미약한 반응을 나타낸 반면 지방세포 원형질막 단백질과는 강한 반응을 나타내었다. 이러한 항혈청의 지방세포 원형질막 단백질과의 조직특이적인 반응은 anti-sheep immunoglobulin G-horseradish peroxidase conjugate를 2차 항체로 이용한 immunoblot에 의해서도 재확인되었다. 이상의 결과, 면양으로부터 생산된 돼지 지방세포 원형질막 단백질에 대한 항체는 높은 역가를 지니고 있었으며, 지방세포 원형질막 단백질에 특이적으로 작용함을 알 수 있었다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2016

그 동안 다양한 병원체와 가와사끼병의 관련성이 제기되어 왔으나 아직 확실한 원인으로 증명된 것은 없다. 본 증례는 가와사끼병과 폐렴미코플라스마, 인플루엔자 감염이 동시에 병발한 환자를 소개한다. 27개월 남아가 발열과 기침, 콧물 등의 증상으로 내원하였다. 외래에서 인플루엔자 A 감염을 확인하고 oseltamivir를 복용하였으나 발열이 지속되고 경부 림프절 비대, 양측성 결막 충혈, 입술의 발적과 갈라짐, 딸기혀, BCG 접종 부위의 발진을 보였다. 이에 가와사끼병으로 진단하고 면역글로불린을 정맥주사 하였다. 환아는 혈청 항미코플라스마 IgM 항체가 양성이었고 비인두 도말 중합효소 연쇄반응 검사에서 폐렴미코플라스마 양성으로 나타났다. 본 증례와 더불어 가와사끼병과의 연관성이 거론되었던 병원체들을 살펴보고 가와사끼병의 병인에 대한 가설들을 고찰하여 가와사끼병의 증상이나 관상동맥 병변이 폐렴미코플라스마와 인플루엔자 뿐 아니라 다양한 감염에서 발생할 수 있을 것으로 예상하였다.