• 한국가금학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2004

It has been recognized that the hen, like its mammalian counterparts, provides young chicks with antibodies as protection against hostile invaders. This system facilitates the transfer of specific antibodies from serum to egg yolk, and provides a supply of antibodies called immunoglobulin Y(IgY) to the developing embryo and the hatched chick. The protection against pathogens that the relatively immune-incompetent newly hatched chick has, is through transmission of antibodies from the mother via the egg. Egg yolk, therefore, can be loaded with a large amount of IgY against pathogens which can immobilize the existing or invading pathogens during the embryo development or in day-old chicks. Thus, the immunization of laying hens to various pathogens results in production of different antigen-specific IgY in eggs. Egg yolk contains 8∼20 mg of jmmunoglobulins (IgY) per ml or 136∼340 mg per yolk suggesting that more than 30 g of IgY can be obtained from one immunized hen in a year. By immunizing laying hens with antigens and collecting IgY from egg yolk, low cost antibodies at less than $10 per g compared to more than $20,000 per g of mammalian IgG can be obtained. This IgY technology opens new potential market applications in medicine, public health, veterinary medicine and food safety. A broader use of IgY technology could be applied as biological or diagnostic tool, nutraceutical or functional food development, oral-supplementation for prophylaxis, and as pathogen-specific antimicrobial agents for infectious disease control. This paper has emphasized that when IgY-loaded chicken eggs are produced and consumed, the specific antibody binds, immobilizes and consequently reduces or inhibits the growth or colony forming abilities of microbial pathogens. This concept could serve as an alternative agent to replace the use of antibiotics, since today, more and more antibiotics are less effective in the treatment of infections, due to the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제82권4호
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• pp.1005-1010
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• 2021

본 증례는 좌안의 통증과 시력저하를 호소한 83세 남자 환자에게서 진단된 면역글로불린 G4 (immunoglobulin G4; 이하 IgG4) 관련 질환의 CT와 MRI 소견에 대한 보고이다. 이는 CT에서 주변의 골미란을 동반한 날개입천장 오목의 등밀도 연부조직 종괴로 관찰되었으며 이병변은 자기공명영상 T2 강조영상에서 등신호에서 저신호강도를 보이며 비균질한 조영증강을 보였다. 환자는 벌집굴 절제술과 조직검사를 시행하였고 조직학적 검사상 IgG4 관련 질환으로 진단되었다. 환자는 기저질환으로 당뇨병이 있었고, 이런 면역저하 환자군에서 흔하게 보이는 침습적 진균성 부비동염과의 영상학적 감별이 어려운 경우였다. 저자들은 침습적 진균성 부비동염과 유사한 영상 소견을 보였던 IgG4 관련 질환의 증례를 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하고자 한다.

• Clinical Nutrition Research
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.269-282
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• 2023

Vitamin D participates in the biological function of the innate and adaptive immune system and inflammation. We aim to specify the effectiveness of the vitamin D supplementation on the side effects BioNTech, Pfizer vaccination, and immunoglobulin G response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in subjects tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this multi-center randomized clinical trial, 498 people tested positive for COVID-19 were divided into 2 groups, receiving vitamin D capsules or a placebo (1 capsule daily, each containing 600 IU of vitamin D) over 14-16 weeks. Anthropometric indices and biochemical parameters were measured before and after the second dose of vaccination. Fourteen to 16 weeks after supplementation, the intervention group had an immunoglobulin G (IgG) increase of 10.89 ± 1.2 g/L, while the control group had 8.89 ± 1.3 g/L, and the difference was significant between both groups (p = 0.001). After the second dose of vaccination, the supplement group significantly increased their 25-hydroxy vitamin D from initially 28.73 ± 15.6 ng/mL and increased to 46.48 ± 27.2 ng/mL, and the difference between them was significant. Those with a higher body mass index (BMI) had the most of symptoms, and the difference of side effects according to BMI level was significantly different. In 8 weeks after supplementation obese participants had the lowest IgG levels than overweight or normal subjects. The proportion of all types of side effects on the second dose was significantly diminished compared with the first dose in the intervention group. Supplementation of 600 IU of vitamin D3 can reduce post-vaccination side effects and increase IgG levels in participants who received BioNTech, Pfizer vaccine.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.492-497
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• 1998

The stabilizing effect of fructooligosanharide (FO) on hen＇s egg yolk immunoglobulin (yIgG) by heat and acid was investigated. The heat stability of yIgG at 70∼80$^{\circ}C$ was enhanced in a concentration-dependent manner by adding 0∼50% (w/v) FO to a yIgG solution. Acid-induced inactivation of yIgG was also suppressed in a concentration-dependent relationship by addition of FO. Addition of 50% FO almost completely stabilized yIgG at pH 3. The remarkable stablizing effect of FO on yIgG may enhance the use of yIgG as functional food ingredients.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2008

Background: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) detect microbial infection and can directly induce innate host defense responses, which are thought to play critical roles in protecting the tubotympanum from infection. However, little is known about the relationship between TLRs, which are related to innate immunity, and immunoglobulins, which are related to adaptive immunity, in recurrent otitis media with effusion (OME). We therefore investigated the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 and immunoglobulin in children with OME. Methods: The study population consisted of 72 children with OME, 31 with more than 4 episodes in 12 months or more than 3 episodes in 6 months (otitis-prone group), and 41 with fewer than 3 episodes in 12 months (non-otitis prone group). The expression in middle ear effusion of TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA, as determined by Real time- -polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the concentrations of IgG, IgA, and IgM, as determined by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), were compared between the two groups. Results: Expression of TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA was lower in the otitis prone than in the non-otitis prone group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Between group differences in the concentrations of IgG, IgA and IgM in effusion fluid were not significant (p>0.05), and there were no correlations between immunoglobulin concentration and the expression of TLR2 and TLR4. Conclusion: Although there was a trend toward lower expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in the otitis-prone group, the differences, and those in immunoglobulin concentration, did not differ significantly between the otitis-prone and non-prone groups.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.230-236
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• 2013

Purpose: In this study, the effects of laughter therapy on a laughter index, cortisol and immunoglobulin of middle aged women were examined. Methods: A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group pre/post-test design were used. The participants (n=54) included 27 in the experimental group and 27 in the control group. The data were collected from February through March of 2013. The experimental group participated in laughter therapy for 40 minutes per session, five times a week for a period of 2 weeks. The tool was used to measure pre/post-test laughter index, cortisol and immunoglobulin of middle aged women. Results: The results showed that laughter therapy was effective in increasing the laughter index (p<.001), and immunoglobulin IgA (p<.001), IgG (p<.001), and IgM (p=.010). Also, the stress hormone, cortisol of middle aged women decreased but non-significantly (p=.158). Conclusion: The result of the study indicates that laughter therapy may have an influence on nursing intervention and treatment effects to improve the laughter index and immunoglobulin of middle aged women.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the effects of alcoholic fermentation beverage using pear, Bae Ro Mi In (BRMI) on airway hyperresponsiveness and immunoglobulin production in asthmatic mice Methods : We investigated the effects of BRMI on airway hyperresponsiveness by measurement of enhanced pause (Penh), and also investigated the effects on production levels of antigen specific antibody and subclasses such as IgG1, IgG2a and IgE by using ELISA methods. Prednisolone (PD, 5 mg/kg) was used as positive control. Results : Treatment with BRMI did not lowered airway hyperresponsiveness, but PD lowered significantly. Oral administration of BRMI lowered production level of ovalbumin (OVA) specific total antibody significantly. Especially, BRMI decreased IgE levels compared to non-treated control effectively. Treatment with PD lowered production levels of total antibody, IgG1 and IgE. Conclusions : These result suggest that BRMI can lower production levels of antigen specific total antibody and IgE in asthmatic mice. We also suggest that BRMI has the possibility to prevent or cure asthma through regulation of antigen specific antibody production.

• 임상이비인후과
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.240-244
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• 2018

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and Immunoglobulin (Ig) $G_4$-related disease ($IgG_4$-RD) are rare diseases and early diagnosis and proper management are imperative to prevent multi-organ damage. The authors present a case of a 60 years old woman who had facial paralysis and hearing loss. Lt intact canal wall tympanomastoidectomy, Lt facial nerve decompression and ossiculoplasty with partial ossicular replacement prosthesis (PORP) was done. During operation, middle ear tissue was biopsied and GPA with $IgG_4$-RD was diagnosed. After methyl prednisolone (MPD) pulse therapy and azathioprine therapy, the severity of paralysis was improved. We present this case because common otologic symptoms like facial palsy and hearing loss could be initial symptoms of rare systemic disease.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.165-174
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• 1999

연구배경: CWP은 주로 석탄 분진을 흡입함으로써 발생하는 폐 실질의 병변으로 단순 흉부 방사선 소견상 폐 결절의 기준을 1cm로 하여 SP과 PMF으로 구분한다. PMF의 경우 환기 능력의 장애가 심하고 조기사망율이 증가하고 있으나 모든 광부에서 PMF이 발생하는 것은 아니여서 이러한 CWP의 발생에 관여하는 요인을 찾기 위한 많은 연구가 있어왔다. 본 연구의 주목적은 진폐증 환자에서 질환의 심한 정도를 ILO 분류에 따라 SP, PMF으로 구분한 후 감염이나 기타 기저 질환이 없는 상태에서의 혈중 면역 글로블린 농도를 흡연력과 연령에 의한 면역 글로불린의 변화를 고려한 후 진폐증의 심한 정도와 혈청면역 글로불린 농도와의 연관성을 관찰하기 위하여 시행하였다. 방 법: 태백 중앙 병원과 영동 병원의 진폐증 환자중 정밀 검사를 시행하기 위해 병원을 내원한 SP 환자 51명과 입원중이거나 정밀검사를 시행한 PMF 환자 59명을 대상으로 하였고 대조군은 진폐증 환자와 나이, 성별 및 흡연 병력이 적합하면서 진폐에 노출된 병력이 전혀 없는 주변 아파트 경비원과 병원내 지원자 58명을 대상으로 하였다. 면역 글로불린의 검사(IgA, IgG, IgM)는 독일 Behring사에서 제조한 각 각의 Kit를 사용하여 Nephelometer 분석기(Behring Nephelometer : Germany)를 사용하여 측정하여 대조군 57명, SP 51명, PMF 49명의 면역 글로불린을 측정하였다. 결 과: 본 연구에서 대조군의 나이에 따른 혈청 면역 글로불린의 변화는 나이가 증가 할수록 IgG는 의의 있게 증가 하였고 흡연력에 의한 면역 글로불린의 차이는 없었다. 대조군, SP, PMF사이의 혈중 면역 글로불린의 농도간에는 차이가 없었으나 흡연력과 나이의 영향을 고려한 다중회귀 분석에서 IgG의 농도는 대조군과 비교하여 SP 환자군에서 통계학적으로 의미 있게 감소하였고 PMF환자군에서는 감소하는 경향이 있었다. 폐기능 검사의 중증도와 면역 글로불린 농도사이에는 관련이 없었다. 결 론: 흡연력과 연령을 고려한 상태에서 진폐증 환자의 혈청 면역 글로불린의 농도는 대조군과 비교하여 SP 환자군에서 IgG의 농도가 감소하였으며 PMF 환자군에서도 감소하는 경향을 나타내어 진폐증과 IgG사이에 연관성이 있다고 생각되며 폐기능 검사의 중증도와 면역 글로불린과는 관련이 없다고 생각된다. 향후에 CWP의 발생 및 진행 기전을 이해하기 위해서 많은 수의 진폐증 환자를 대상으로 하는 전향적 연구와 함께 염증세포 및 싸이토카인의 역할에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 1990

질트리코모나스(Trichomonas vaginalis)감염 환자 30명과 비감염 건강 대조군 30명을 패 상으로 혈청 내 항-질트리코모나스 IgG 및 IgM 항체가를 효소표식 면역검사법(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: ELISA)으로 측정하여 이 질환 진단법으로서 ELISA의 이용 가능성을 검토 하고, 현펑 내 IgG 및 IsM 항체가의 상관성을 알아보았다. 질트리코모나스 환자의 혈청 내 IgG 항체가는 0.37±0.134로 건강 대조군의 0.21±0.054 보다 유 의하게 높았다(p<0.005). 또 혈청 내 IgG 항체가 0.32 이상을 양성으로 하였을 때 ELISA 진단법 의 감수성은 70.0%이었고 특이성은 96.7%이었다. 질트리코모나스 환자의 혈청 내 IsM 항체가는 0.33±0.177로 건강 대조군의 0.11±0.051 보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.005). 또 혈청 내 Is변 항체 가 0.21 이상을 양성 반응으로 하였을 때 감수성은 70.0%이었고 특이성은 96.7%이었다. 질트리코 모나스 환자의 혈청 내 IgG 와 IsM 항체가의 상관 관계는 상관계수 r=0.77로 유의한 상관관계가 인 정 되 었 다(p<0.005). 이상의 결과로 보아 질트리코모나스 환자에서 혈청 내 19G 및 IsM 항체가를 ELISA법으로 측정 함으로써 질트리코모나스 감염을 진단하거나 역학적 조사에 이용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.