• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권10호
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• pp.3795-3802
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• 2022

NaI(Tl) scintillation materials are considered to be one of many materials that are used exclusively for γ-ray detection and spectroscopy. The gamma-ray spectrometer is not an easy-to-use device, and the accuracy of the numerical values must be carefully checked based on the rules of the calibration technique. Therefore, accurate information about the detection system and its effectiveness is of greater importance. The purpose of this study is to estimate, using an analytical-numerical formula (ANF), the purely geometric solid angle, geometric efficiency, and total efficiency of a cylindrical NaI(Tl) γ-ray detector with a side-through hole. This type of detector is ideal for scanning fuel rods and pipelines, as well as for performing radio-immunoassays. The study included the calculation of the complex solid angle, in combination with the use of various points like gamma sources, located axially and non-axially inside the through detector side hole, which can be applied in a hypothetical method for calibrating the facility. An extended γ-ray energy range, the detector, source dimensions, "source-to-detector" geometry inside the side-through hole, path lengths of γ-quanta photons crossing the facility, besides the photon average path length inside the detector medium itself, were studied and considered. This study is very important for an expanded future article where the radioactive point source can be replaced by a volume source located inside the side-trough hole of the detector, or by a radioactive pipeline passing through the well. The results provide a good and useful approach to a new generation of detectors that can be used for low-level radiation that needs to be measured efficiently.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2022

The increased production and consumption of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-based products over the past several decades has resulted in the discharge of countless tons of PET waste into the marine environment. PET microparticles resulting from the physical erosion of general PET wastes end up in the ocean and pose a threat to the marine biosphere and human health, necessitating the development of new technologies for recycling and upcycling. Notably, enzyme-mediated PET degradation is an appealing option due to its eco-friendly and energy-saving characteristics. PETase, a PET-hydrolyzing enzyme originating from Ideonella sakaiensis, is one of the most thoroughly researched biological catalysts. However, the industrial application of PETase-mediated PET recycling is limited due to the low stability and poor reusability of the enzyme. Here we developed the whole-cell catalyst (WCC) in which functional PETase is attached to the outer membrane of Escherichia coli. Immunoassays are used to identify the surface-expressed PETase, and we demonstrated that the WCC degraded PET microparticles most efficiently at 30℃ and pH 9 without agitation. Furthermore, the WCC increased the PET-degrading activity in a concentration-dependent manner, surpassing the limited activity of soluble PETase above 100 nM. Finally, we demonstrated that the WCC could be recycled up to three times.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.1170-1178
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• 2023

Food allergy represents a severe problem for many societies, including sensitive populations, academies, health authorities, and the food industry. Peanut allergy occupies a special place in the food allergy spectrum. To prevent consumption by consumers suffering from a peanut allergy, a rapid and sensitive detection method is essential to identify unintended peanut adulteration in processed foods. In this study, we produced four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs; RO 3A1-12, PB 4C12-10, PB 5F9-23, and PB 6G4-30) specific to thermo-stable and soluble proteins (TSSPs) of peanut and developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the MAbs. Among them, PB 5F9-23 MAb was firmly bound to Ara h 1, and other MAbs strongly reacted to Ara h 3 in the Western blot analysis. An antibody cocktail solution of the MAbs was used to enhance the sensitivity of an indirect ELISA, and the limit of detection of the indirect ELISA based on the antibody cocktail solution was 1 ng/ml and improved compared to the indirect ELISA based on the single MAb (11 ng/ml). The cross-reaction analysis revealed the high specificity of developed MAbs to peanut TSSPs without cross-reaction to other food allergens, including nuts. Subsequently, analyzing processed foods by indirect ELISA, all foods labeled as containing peanuts in the product description were confirmed to be positive. The results indicate that the developed antibodies exhibit high specificity and sensitivity to peanuts and can be used as bio-receptors in immunoassays or biosensors to detect intentional or unintentional adulteration of peanuts in processed foods, particularly heat-processed foods.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.163-173
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• 2007

Jeungaektang (JAT) is the herbal formula, has the effect of moistening the dryness by activating lung Qi and by nourishing Yin, has being used for dryness syndromes. Generally the herbal formulae for moistening dryness are used for exogenous or endogenous dryness syndromes. JAT has been clinically used for the treatment of endogenous dryness syndromes. It is composed of Scrophulariae Radix. Rehmanniae Radix and Liriopis Tuber. Recent studies showed that JAT has a protective effect against $CCl_{4}-induced$ hepatotoxicity and anti-inflammatory effects against ear swelling of mouse induced by Crotonis Fructus. However, the effect of JAT on the immunological activity was rarely studied. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of JAT the regulatory mechanism of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. After the treatment of JAT water extract, cell viability was measured by MTT assay, NO production was monitored by measuring the nitrite content in culture medium. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX -2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were determined by immunoblot analysis, and levels of cytokine were analyzed by sandwich immunoassays. Results provided evidence that JAT inhibited the production of nitrite and nitrate ($0.1{\sim}1.0$ mg/ml), iNOS ($0.1{\sim}1.0$ mg/ml), $interleukin-1{\beta}$ ( $0.1{\sim}1.0$ mg/ml) and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($0.1{\sim}1.0$ mg/ml) in RAW 264.7 cells activated with LPS. Furthermore, JAT inhibited the expression of COX-2 expression and production of prostagladin E2 ($0.1{\sim}1.0$ mg/ml). These findings suggest that JAT can produce anti-inflammatory effect, which may play a role in adjunctive therapy in Gram-negative bacterial infections.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.880-886
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• 2004

Phellinus igniarius has been clinically used for the treatment of hemorrhoidal fistula, dysmenorrhea and the prevention of cancer in traditional oriental medicine. Recent studies showed that Phellinus igniarius produced anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immuno-modulatory effects, There is lack of studies regarding the effects of Phellinus igniarius on the immunological activities. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Phellinus igniarius on the regulatory mechanism of cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) for the immunological activities in Raw 264,7 cells. After the treatment of Phellinus igniarius water extract, cell viability was measured by MTT assay, NO production was monitored by measuring the nitrite content in culture medium. COX-2 and iNOS were determined by Immunoblot analysis, and levels of cytokine were analyzed by sandwich immunoassays. Results provided evidence that Phellinus igniarius inhibited the production of nitrite and nitrate (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the activation of phospholylation of inhibitor κBα (p-IκBα) in Raw 264.7 cells activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These findings suggest that Phellinus igniarius can produce anti-inflammatory effect, which may play a role in adjunctive therapy in Gram-negative bacterial infections.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.3937-3940
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• 2013

Objective: To explore the expression and significance of estrogen receptor (ER), progestrone receptor (PR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CA15-3, CA125 and carcinoma embryonic antigen (CEA) expression in judging the prognosis of breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Sixty-five patients with breast cancer undergoing operations in the general surgery department were considered as the observation group, and 50 healthy outpatients of our hospital as the control group. Cubital venous blood was drawn in the morning from fasting patients in the two groups and chemiluminescence immunoassays were used to detect the levels of CA15-3, CA125 and CEA in serum. The follow-up duration was from 4 months to 2 years, and change in levels of the indicators was detected by dynamically drawing blood. After surgery, cancer tissue samples of patients in observation group remained on file (the non-recurrent patients were biopsied). Immunohistochemistry was applied to determine the expression of ER, PR and VEGF in tissue. Results: The effective rate of 12 patients with negative ER and PR expression was 33.3% in the observation group, being associated with prognosis to varying extents. Serum CA15-3, CA125 and CEA in the observation group were all significantly higher than in control group (p<0.01). With increase in pathological staging, levels of serum CA15-3, CA125 and CEA gradually increased (p<0.01). Levels in patients with lymph node metastasis were markedly higher than in those without (p<0.01). In addition, values with distal lymph node metastasis were notably higher than with adjacent lymph node metastasis (p<0.01). The postoperative follow-up results revealed that positive VEGF and levels of serum VEGF, CA15-3, CA125 and CEA in recurrence group were obviously higher than in non-recurrence group (p<0.01). Conclusions: Joint detection of ER and PR expression as well as levels of serum VEGF, CA15-3, CA125 and CEA is meaningful and can guide the diagnosis and treatment for breast cancer.

• 식물병연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.94-98
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• 2003

느타리버섯에 발생하여 갈색부패병을 일으키는 P. tolaasii 및 P.agarici 를 면역화학적 방법으로 신속하게 검출하기 위한 항체를 생산하였고 면역확산법과 ELISA 로 본 항체의 특이성을 조사하였다. $\alpha$-P tolaasii 항체는 P. tolaasii와 반응하여 선명한 침강선을 형성하지 않아 P. tolaasii 에 대하여만 특이적으로 반응하는 항체임을 알 수 있었다. 한편 $\alpha$-P. agarici 항체는 P.agarici뿐만 아니라 다른 세균에 대해서도 침강선을 형성하지 않는 특징을 나타내었다. 비경합 간접 ELISA의 표준곡선으로부터 P.agarici의 검출에 대하여 최고 발색치의 50% 갑을 나타내는 균의 밀도는 $2{\times}10^4$ cfu/ml로 나타났으며, 검출한계농도는 $2{\times}10^3$ cfu/ml 이었다.${\alpha}$-P. agarici 항체는 P. tolaasii의 특이적인 검출에도 효과를 나타냈다. ${\alpha}$-P. tolaasii, ${\alpha}$-P. agarici 항체를 이용하여 확립한 ELISA법은 직접 균체나 버섯 자실체내 P. tolaasii 와 P. agarici의 신속한 검출을 가능하게 하였고, P. tolaasii 와 P. agarici에 오염된 시료를 간단하게 진단하는데 아주 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

갑상선의 기능적 발달 이전인 임신초기에 갑상선자극호르몬은 갑상선 장애 및 임신 동안 매우 민감한 지표이다. 임신동안 정상수준은 감소 변화를 보이는 것은 모체로부터 태아가 받는 갑상선호르몬의 영향이다. 갑상선자극호르몬과 유리 티록신의 농도는 임신동안 및 검사실간에 다양하게 보고된다. 갑상선자극호르몬의 참고치는 비임신군에 비하면 상한값과 하한값의 참고범위의 감소가 임신동안 보인다. 각 실험실은 임신 중에 다른 결과를 산출하는 호르몬 분석법과 일부 자체 기준에 맞는 혈중 농도를 산출한다. 따라서, 혈청 유리 티록신 분석에 사용되는 자동화 된 면역 분석법은 여전히 널리 사용되고 있지만 고려할 사항이 있다. 집단 기준, 삼분위 기간별 특이적 참고범위 사용은 문제해결의 최상의 방법이다. 임신 7~12주에 발생하는 호르몬의 하향은 7주 이전에는 보이지 않아 참고범위의 개별적 정량적으로 상승 및 하강을 보여준다. 본 연구에서는 집단별과 임신 특이적 갑상선 매개 변수의 참조범위에 대한 산출 중요성을 강조한다. 정밀의학 의 도래에 있어서 많은 개체의 유전적, 생물학적, 심리사회학적, 환경적 변수를 수집하고 분석이 필요하다. 이러한 논쟁을 해결하기 위해서는 다량의 전향적인 무작위 통제 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.445-450
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 돈지육 및 돈육 조직 내에 열안정성 수용성 단백질의 존재 여부를 확인하고 항체 생산에 있어 항원으로의 사용 가능 여부를 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 돈지육 및 돈육을 생(raw) 시료와 조리된(cooked) 시료로 구분하여 비열처리 및 열처리법으로 단백질을 추출한 후 단백질 존재여부를 단백질 정량과 SDS-PAGE로 확인하였다. 그 결과 돈지육과 돈육 모두 생 시료를 비열처리법으로 추출한 시료의 경우 25~100 kDa 사이의 다양한 단백질이 확인된 반면 시료를 가열하거나 추출 시 열처리를 한 경우 돈지육에는 100 kDa 이상의 단백질과 30 kDa 및 15 kDa 이하의 일부 단백질이, 돈육에는 100 kDa 이상과 30 kDa 이하의 단백질이 확인되어 돈지육과 돈육에 열안정성 수용성 단백질이 존재하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이들 열안정성 수용성 단백질을 마우스에 면역 후 항혈청 역가를 측정한 결과 면역한 모든 마우스에서 높은 역가를 나타내었고, 생산된 혈청은 돈지육과 돈육에 각각 특이적인 반응성을 보인 반면 다른 축육과 지방육에 대해서는 반응성이 상대적으로 낮았다. 이러한 연구결과를 볼 때 돈지육 및 돈육에 존재하는 열안정성 수용성 단백질이 돈지육과 돈육에 특이적으로 반응하는 항체를 개발하는데 유용한 마커로서 활용이 가능하며, 열안정성 수용성 단백질에 대한 항체개발은 열처리된 축육 가공품 중 돈지육 및 돈육의 분석에도 매우 유용하게 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2014

Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix hot aqueous extract on nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) production and on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging in macrophages. Methods: Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix (300 g) was heated at $100^{\circ}C$ with distilled water (2 L) for 4 hours. The extract was filtered and concentrated to 100 mL by using a rotary evaporator, was frozen at $-80^{\circ}C$, and was then freeze-dried by using a freezing-drying system. The RAW 264.7 macrophage was subcultured by using $10-{\mu}g/mL$ lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In order to evaluate cytotoxicity, we performed 3-(4,5-dimrthylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays and measured the cell viability. The NO production was measured by using Griess assays, and the $PGE_2$ production was measured by using enzyme immunoassays. The antioxidant activity, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging capability, was measured by using the DPPH method. Results: Cell viability with the 1-, 5-, 25-, 125- and $625-{\mu}g/mL$ Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix hot aqueous extract was not significantly decreased compared to the cell viability without the extract. When 125 and $625{\mu}g/mL$ of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix hot aqueous extract were used, nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages was significantly inhibited compared to that in the control group. When 25, 125, and $625{\mu}g/mL$ of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix hot aqueous extract were used, $PGE_2$ production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages was significantly inhibited compared to that in the control group. The 125- and $625-{\mu}g/mL$ Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix hot aqueous extracts had high DPPH free-radical scavenging capabilities in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Conclusion: This study indicates that Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix hot aqueous extract suppresses NO and $PGE_2$ production and improves DPPH free-radical scavenging capability. Thus, it seems that Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix hot aqueous extract may have an anti-inflammation effect and antioxidant activity.