• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.142-147
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• 2013

Gastrodia elata has been cultivated as an important medicinal resources to treat various human diseases. One of the major problems associated with its field production is the degeneration of seed tubers, which is mainly caused by soil-borne pathogens. This study was conducted to produce disease-free seed tubers by the development of in vitro micropropagation method. First, tubers of G. elata were treated with $HgCl_2$ prior to culturing in vitro. Among various culture medium tested, water agar (WA) and WPM medium were the most effective on the induction and growth of vegetative stems. NAA ($0.1mg/{\ell}$) or TDZ ($1.0mg/{\ell}$) in WA medium showed better growth of vegetative stems compared to other plant hormones. Finally the induction and growth of vegetative stems were better in the dark compared to the light condition. In this study, we established an in vitro micropropagation system of G. elata, which might be an efficient way to increase the yield and quality of G. elata tubers in the field production.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 1987

In order to promote the germination of Korean lawn grass(Zoysia japonica Steud.) seeds a gravimetric seed selection with a mixed chemical solution and the germination promotion with KOH treatment were studied and following results were obtained. 1. When immersed into methanol(S.G., 0.7) 14 percent of immature seeds were precipitated. 2. With water (S.G., 1.0) 36.5 percent of mature seeds were submerged. 3. On a mixture of carbon tetrachloride (S.G., 1.6) and ethylether (S.G., 0.7) in a ratio of 4:6 the seed selection was most effective. 4. When treated with KOH solution the germination rate was 71.01 percent in contrast to 6.0 percent of germination without the treatment. 5. As for concentration of KQH solution, 15 percent depressed the germination (46.7 %) whereas above 20 % the germination rate was gradually increased (79.32 %) up to 40 percent of concentration where the concentration started to depress germination ratio (77.32 %). 6. Finally, in connection with the duration of KOH treatment, a time lapse of up to 20 minutes depressed the germinating ratio(70.02 %) and 30 minutes to 45 minutes increased this ratio to 94.52 percent. 60 minutes of treatment depressed the germination to 75.62 percent.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.195-201
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the suitable conditions for seed germination of Rosa davurica PALL. In the characteristics of the fruit and seed of Rosa davurica, fruit length and width was 1.3cm and 0.9cm , respectively, and seed number was eighty-nine. Artificial and low temperature storage at 4$^{\circ}C$ increased the rate of split achene pericarp until 46.6% and storage at 15$^{\circ}C$ incubator decreased the rate of split achene pericarp (10.5%). The rate of seed germination of split achene pericarp in control at 15$^{\circ}C$ was 90% and of non-split achene in GA$_3$100ppm at 15$^{\circ}C$ was 36.8%. Average germination day of split achene pericarp seeds in GA$_3$150ppm at 2$0^{\circ}C$ was 4.2 days and non-split achene pericarp in GA$_3$100ppm at 2$0^{\circ}C$ was 7.3 days. Seed germination was not different between various concentrations of GA$_3$ treatments in split achene pericarp seeds but the rate of germination was more reduced in high concentration of 200ppm. Only the treatments of GA$_3$ was increased germination rate at 4$^{\circ}C$ and immature seed of Rosa davurica.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.571-576
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• 1994

This study was conducted to determine the effects of embryo age, growth regulators, low temperature treatment on regeneration, plant growth, and heading in immature embryo culture of Barley. Shoot and root development was more in older than in younger excised embryos, and more in a medium without kinetin than in one with kinetin. The rate of survival was higher on medium without growth regulators and lower on medium with kinetin 5 mg/L because of retarded plant growth. Embryo age and media did not completely replace low temperature treatment. Twenty- and 14 day-old embryos responded by flowering after 4 weeks of vernalization. Embryo culture at 14- and 20 days after anthesis coupled with 4-week cold treatment shortens generation time of barley. When 20 day immature embryos of barley (cv. Olbori) was treated low temperature treatment for 4 weeks, the rate of heading was better than the other treatment.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.271-277
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• 2010

The study is aimed to obtain the basic data for developing new variations of wild spring orchid. The results was investigated the capsules' formational characteristics and the germination ratio after having been self-pollinated by dividing the flowering period into the 5 stages into budding time, semi-flowering, full-flowering, 10 days after flowering, and 20 days after flowering. The fruit setting ratio was the highest as 100% in the plant which had been pollinated 20 days after the flowering, while the weight of the capsule was heaviest in the orchid which had been pollinated in semi-flowering period. As the result of investigating the germination ratio by dividing the period into 5 stages, it was the highest in the plant which had been pollinated during the semi-flowering period, and in the result of investigating the germination ratio by dividing the seeds harvesting days into the 3 stages, such as, 150 days, 165 days and 180 days after the pollination, it was highest as 5% in the orchid whose seeds had been harvested 150 days after the pollination. In the result of examining the germination ratio of the seeds treated with NaOCl, the those treated with 2% of NaOCl showed the highest as 67% in the germination ratio.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.343-350
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• 1998

Spectroscopic analysis of soybean kernels were made in the wavelength range of 400 to 1100 nm to find effective discrimination factors which are required for developing an opitical soybean sorter. Soybean samples used for the test were the sound and five classes of the defective kernels such as the immature, discolored(brown and violet), damaged by insect and diseased. Effective discrimination factors to classify the soybean kernels into the sound and the defective were found to be $R_{640}$, $R_{580}$/ $R_{990}$, $R_{600}$- $R_{820}$ and ( $R_{590}$- $R_{820}$)/ $R_{990}$. with classification error of less than 4%. Mahalanobis distance was used as a criterion to select significant wavelengths involved in the discrimination factors.s.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.440-446
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• 2006

To investigate flowering related genes in winter-type oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. cv. Tammi), differentially expressed genes were isolated from leaves of the plant after low temperature treatment which is requirements for floral induction. As a result of suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH), 288 clones were randomly selected from SSH library. Using reverse Northern blot analysis, 150 of 288 clones were identified to be differentially expressed. Out of these 150 clones, 45 clones showed very high identities with the known genes. Four clones showed very high identities over 90% with metallothionein-like gene that is related to flowering-induced genes. Of these 4 clones, the cDNA clone, rfs-13, revealed high identity with meotallothionein-like protein in Arabidopsis thaliana (98%) and Brassica compestris (89%). Furthermore, gene expressed in immature flower stages was confirmed by Northern blot analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1994.10a
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• pp.28-29
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• 1994

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.51-51
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• 2021

This study was conducted to develop a somatic embryogenesis protocol for the Cnidium officinale Makino difficult to seed propagation. The immature flowers were used as explants. The concentration of a 2,4-D 1.0mg/L was found to be optimal concentration for induction of embryogenic callus and somatic embryos. Addition of 0.3mg/L, 0.5mg/L and 1.0mg/L to the embryo germination medium promoted somatic embryo germination. Among four concentrations, GA₃ 1.0mg/L were superior to others. Shoots were transferred to hormone-free MS medium after 2 months of culture in the dark. We obtained an optimized protocol for the regeneration of C. officinale.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2007

As the zygotic embryo of North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) matured during stratification over 203 days it grew from 0.75 to 5.2 mm. Embryo excision and culturing on media containing different concentrations of two growth regulators, gibberellic acid ($GA_3$, 1 to 10 ${\mu}M$) and benzyladenine (BA, 1 to 5 ${\mu}M$), during stratification, showed that shoot and root number and the shoot, root and cotyledon length increased with increased stratification time. Gibberellic acid was the more effective growth regulator for increasing shoot and root number and shoot, root and cotyledon lengths. Immature embryos (stratified for up to 63 days) needed growth regulators for further development. Cultures on $GA_3$ at the last culture date (stratified for 203 days) when embryos were mature, produced multiple shoots but there was no effect of $GA_3$ concentration. Benzyladenine inhibited shoot and root growth regardless of embryo stratification. Growth regulators had little effect on cotyledon length of mature embryos. Embryos cultured on $GA_3$ combined with BA were green on all culture dates whereas greening in the control and BA treatments increased with culture date. The BA treatments induced 100% swelling of the embryos on the final culture date while in the control and $GA_3$ treatments there was no swelling. There was little or no curling in the control and BA treatments and a linear decrease in curling with culture date in the $GA_3$ and $GA_3$ + BA treatments.