• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.217-222
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• 2021

Ewing sarcoma in the head and neck is rare, and metastasis from other bones to the mandible accounts for 0.7% of cases. This report presents a case of oral metastasis in a 24-year-old male patient diagnosed with Ewing sarcoma of the femur (p53 gene mutation and EWSR1-ERG fusion). The chief complaint was numbness in the mandible and pain for 1 month and a hardened, ulcerated exophytic lesion in the right retromolar region. Imaging exams revealed an unspecified thinning of the cortical bone of the inferior alveolar canal in the right mandibular ramus, associated with erosion of the alveolar bone. Histopathological analysis confirmed metastasis of Ewing sarcoma. The patient presented an aggressive disease progression and died 1 month after the oral diagnosis. It is important to recognize the signs and symptoms compatible with rare clinical outcomes, leading to an early diagnosis that can improve patients' quality of life and survival.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.737-745
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• 2023

This paper discusses a study on developing an artificial intelligence model to detect incidents of fires in distribution switchboard using thermal images. The objective of the research is to preprocess collected thermal images into suitable data for object detection models and design a model capable of determining the occurrence of fires within distribution panels. The study utilizes thermal image data from AI-HUB's industrial complex for training. Two CNN-based deep learning object detection algorithms, namely Faster R-CNN and RetinaNet, are employed to construct models. The paper compares and analyzes these two models, ultimately proposing the optimal model for the task.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.597-603
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• 2017

Objective : Several surgical methods have been reported for treatment of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) in the thoracic spine. Despite rapid innovation of instruments and techniques for spinal surgery, the postoperative outcomes are not always favorable. This article reports a minimally invasive anterior decompression technique without instrumented fusion, which was modified from the conventional procedure. The authors present 2 cases of huge beak-type OPLL. Patients underwent minimally invasive anterior decompression without fusion. This method created a space on the ventral side of the OPLL without violating global thoracic spinal stability. Via this space, the OPLL and anterior lateral side of the dural sac can be seen and manipulated directly. Then, total removal of the OPLL was accomplished. No orthosis was needed. In this article, we share our key technique and concepts for treatment of huge thoracic OPLL. Methods : Case 1. 51-year-old female was referred to our hospital with right lower limb radiating pain and paresis. Thoracic OPLL at T6-7 had been identified at our hospital, and conservative treatment had been tried without success. Case 2. This 54-year-old female with a 6-month history of progressive gait disturbance and bilateral lower extremity radiating pain (right>left) was admitted to our institute. She also had hypoesthesia in both lower legs. Her symptoms had been gradually progressing. Computed tomography scans showed massive OPLL at the T9-10 level. Magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracolumbar spine demonstrated ventral bony masses with severe anterior compression of the spinal cord at the same level. Results : We used this surgical method in 2 patients with a huge beaked-type OPLL in the thoracic level. Complete removal of the OPLL via anterior decompression without instrumented fusion was accomplished. The 1st case had no intraoperative or postoperative complications, and the 2nd case had 1 intraoperative complication (dural tear) and no postoperative complications. There were no residual symptoms of the lower extremities. Conclusion : This surgical technique allows the surgeon to safely and effectively perform minimally invasive anterior decompression without instrumented fusion via a transthoracic approach for thoracic OPLL. It can be applied at the mid and lower level of the thoracic spine and could become a standard procedure for treatment of huge beak-type thoracic OPLL.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2021

Objectives This study aimed to assess the role of complex Korean medicinal treatment with Chuna manual therapy in two patients with chronic pain after posterior lumbar fusion surgery. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 2 patients postoperatively based on their medical records. The surgery regions were verified using T2-weighted axial magnetic resonance imaging. Patients with chronic pain after spondylolisthesis posterior lumbar fusion surgery received complex Korean medicinal treatment with Chuna manual therapy during hospitalization. Numeric rating scale (NRS) in the degree of 0-10 and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were measured before and after treatment. Results Case 1 had an improved NRS score from 7 to 4, and Case 2 had an improved NRS score from 7 to 5. In addition, ODI score improved in both cases. Conclusions Complex Korean medicinal treatment with Chuna manual therapy is effective for relief from chronic pain after posterior lumbar fusion surgery.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.238-246
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• 2005

This paper proposes an iterative high-resolution image interpolation algorithm using spatially adaptive constraints and regularization functional. The proposed algorithm adapts adaptive constraints according to the direction of..edges in an image, and can restore high-resolution image by optimizing regularization functional at each iteration, which is suitable for edge directional regularization. The proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional adaptive interpolation methods as well as non-adaptive ones, which not only can restore high frequency components, but also effectively reduce undesirable effects such as noise. Finally, in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, various experiments are performed so that the proposed algorithm can provide good results in the sense of subjective and objective views.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2010

Purpose : To calculate the appearance of the image distortion from metallic artifacts and to determine the location of a metallic needle from a distorted MR image. Materials and Methods : To examine metal artifacts, an infinite metal cylinder in a strong magnetic field are assumed. The cylinder’s axis leaned toward the magnetic field along some arbitrary angle. The Laplace equation for this situation was solved to investigate the magnetic field distortion, and the simulation was performed to evaluation the image artifact caused by both readout and slice-selection gradient field. Using the result of the calculation, the exact locations of the metal cylinder were calculated from acquired images. Results : The distances between the center and the folded point are measured from images and calculated. Percentage errors between the measured and calculated distance were less than 5%, except for one case. Conclusion : The simulation was successfully performed when the metal cylinder was skewed at an arbitrary tilted angle relative to the main magnetic field. This method will make it possible to monitor and guide both biopsy and surgery with real time MRI.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.485-497
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• 2017

Surgical treatment of the degenerative disc disease has evolved from traditional open spine surgery to minimally invasive spine surgery including endoscopic spine surgery. Constant improvement in the imaging modality especially with introduction of the magnetic resonance imaging, it is possible to identify culprit degenerated disc segment and again with the discography it is possible to diagnose the pain generator and pathological degenerated disc very precisely and its treatment with minimally invasive approach. With improvements in the optics, high resolution camera, light source, high speed burr, irrigation pump etc, minimally invasive spine surgeries can be performed with various endoscopic techniques for lumbar, cervical and thoracic regions. Advantages of endoscopic spine surgeries are less tissue dissection and muscle trauma, reduced blood loss, less damage to the epidural blood supply and consequent epidural fibrosis and scarring, reduced hospital stay, early functional recovery and improvement in the quality of life & better cosmesis. With precise indication, proper diagnosis and good training, the endoscopic spine surgery can give equally good result as open spine surgery. Initially, endoscopic technique was restricted to the lumbar region but now it also can be used for cervical and thoracic disc herniations. Previously endoscopy was used for disc herniations which were contained without migration but now days it is used for highly up and down migrated disc herniations as well. Use of endoscopic technique in lumbar region was restricted to disc herniations but gradually it is also used for spinal canal stenosis and endoscopic assisted fusion surgeries. Endoscopic spine surgery can play important role in the treatment of adolescent disc herniations especially for the persons who engage in the competitive sports and the athletes where less tissue trauma, cosmesis and early functional recovery is desirable. From simple chemonucleolysis to current day endoscopic procedures the history of minimally invasive spine surgery is interesting. Appropriate indications, clear imaging prior to surgery and preplanning are keys to successful outcome. In this article basic procedures of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy through transforaminal and interlaminar routes, percutaneous endoscopic cervical discectomy, percutaneous endoscopic posterior cervical foraminotomy and percutaneous endoscopic thoracic discectomy are discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.450-453
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• 2002

In radiotherapy treatment planning, it is critical to deliver the radiation dose to tumor and protect surrounding normal tissue. Recent developments in functional imaging and radiotherapy treatment technology have been raising chances to control tumor saving normal tissues. A brain phantom which could be used for image registration technique of CT-MR and CT-SPECT images using surface matching was developed. The brain phantom was specially designed to obtain imaging dataset of CT, MR, and SPECT. The phantom had an external frame with 4 N-shaped pipes filled with acryl rods, Pb rods for CT, MR, and SPECT imaging, respectively. 8 acrylic pipes were inserted into the empty space of the brain phantom to be imaged for geometric evaluation of the matching. For an optimization algorithm of image registration, we used Downhill simplex algorithm suggested as a fast surface matching algorithm. Accuracy of image fusion was assessed by the comparison between the center points of the section of N-shaped bars in the external frame and the inserted pipes of the phantom and minimized cost functions of the optimization algorithm. Technique with partially transparent, mixed images using color on gray was used for visual assessment of the image registration process. The errors of image registration of CT-MR and CT-SPECT were within 2mm and 4mm, respectively. Since these errors were considered within a reasonable margin from the phantom study, the phantom is expected to be used for conventional image registration between multimodal image datasets..

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2024

This paper proposes a fusion imaging-based coating-defect classification method for steel structures that uses zero-shot learning. In the proposed method, a halogen lamp generates heat energy on the coating surface of a steel structure, and the resulting heat responses are measured by an infrared (IR) camera, while photos of the coating surface are captured by a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. The measured heat responses and visual images are then analyzed using zero-shot learning to classify the coating defects, and the estimated coating defects are visualized throughout the inspection surface of the steel structure. In contrast to older approaches to coating-defect classification that relied on visual inspection and were limited to surface defects, and older artificial neural network (ANN)-based methods that required large amounts of data for training and validation, the proposed method accurately classifies both internal and external defects and can classify coating defects for unobserved classes that are not included in the training. Additionally, the proposed model easily learns about additional classifying conditions, making it simple to add classes for problems of interest and field application. Based on the results of validation via field testing, the defect-type classification performance is improved 22.7% of accuracy by fusing visual and thermal imaging compared to using only a visual dataset. Furthermore, the classification accuracy of the proposed method on a test dataset with only trained classes is validated to be 100%. With word-embedding vectors for the labels of untrained classes, the classification accuracy of the proposed method is 86.4%.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.853-862
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• 2012

The present study develops a method for directly measuring the temperature field in the primary deformation zone with a high spatial resolution during 2-D orthogonal machining. This is enabled by the use of a high-speed, charge-coupled device (CCD) based, infra-red (IR) imaging system which allows characteristics of the temperature field such as the location and magnitude of the highest temperature and temperature gradient in the primary deformation zone to be identified. Based on these data, the relation between the machining temperature and the cutting conditions is investigated.