• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.9-22
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• 2011

A 1D numerical model for steady flow, based on the energy equation, was developed for natural rivers with emergent vegetations on floodplains and banks. The friction slope was determined by the friction law of Darcy-Weisbach. The composite friction factor of the each cross section was calculated by considering bottom roughness of the main channel and the floodplains, the flow resistance of vegetations, the apparent shear stress and the flow resistance caused by the momentum transfer between vegetated areas and non-vegetated areas. The interface friction factor caused by flow interaction was calculated by empirical formulas of Mertens and Nuding. In order to verify the accuracy of the suggested model, water surface elevations were calculated by using imaginary compound channels and the results of calculations were compared with that of the HEC-RAS. The sensitivity analysis was performed to confirm changed friction factors by vegetations density etc. The suggested model was applied to the reach of the Enz River in Germany, and estimated water surface elevations of the Enz River were compared with measured water surface elevations. This model could acceptably compute not only water surface elevations with low discharge but also that with high discharge. So, the suggested model in this study verified the applicability in natural rivers with emergent vegetations.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.59-72
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• 2017

In this study, the calculation method of the active earth pressure acting on the imaginary vertical plane at the end of the heel of the wall is proposed. For cantilever retaining wall, a change of shear zone behind the wall affects the earth pressure in the vertical plane at the end of heel of the wall depending on wall friction and angle of ground slope. It is very complicated to calculate the earth pressure by a limit equilibrium method (LEM) which considers angles of failure planes varying according to the heel length of the wall. So, the limit analysis method (LAM) is used for calculation of earth pressure in this study. Using the LAM, the earth pressures considering the actual slope angles of failure plane are calculated accurately, and then horizontal and vertical earth pressures are obtained from them respectively. This study results show that by decreasing the relative length of the heel, the slope angle of inward failure plane becomes larger than theoretical slope angle but the slope angle of outward failure plane does not change. And also the friction angle on the vertical plane at the end of the heel of the wall is between the ground slope angle and the wall friction angle, thereafter the active earth pressure decreases. Finally, the Coulomb earth pressure can be easily calculated from the relationship between friction angle (the ratio of vertical earth pressure to horizontal earth pressure) and relative length of the heel (the ratio of heel length to wall height).

• Review of Culture and Economy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.21-50
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• 2017

The rise of Hallyu (Korean Wave) has generated a treasury of historiographic and cultural inquiries into the phenomenal success of South Korea's media entertainment industry. Whereas the majority of such studies focus on TV dramas and popular music, there is a medium, or rather a hybrid sub-genre within the medium category of short films, that must be reexamined and thus appreciated as the archetypal predecessor of popular Hallyu contents: music videos. The rapidly changing social, political, and economic climate in the mid- to late 1990s called for content that would grasp the attention of a younger, increasingly mobile population with diversified interests and routines that no longer guaranteed fixed-time viewership. Meanwhile, the advent of cable TV channels and high-speed internet service ensured greater temporal and infrastructural accessibility. The media entertainment industry's response to the new opportunities and challenges arising from these sudden growths in the scale, range, connectivity, and mobility of consumer demographics was synergetic cross-sector collaboration in the form of dramatized blockbuster music videos, which combined two popular and lucrative genres: trendy dramas and ballad music. In this essay, by relocating Hallyu's archetypal medium/genre, I claim that increasing upward and sideways mobility across sectors not only inspired new production but also reconfigured the very concept, form, and impact of media-driven cultural imaginary in South Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

Commander and staffs on the battlefield are aware of the situation and, based on the results, they perform military activities through their military decisions. Recently, with the development of information technology, the demand for artificial intelligence to support military decisions has increased. It is essential to identify, collect, and pre-process the data set for reinforcement learning to utilize artificial intelligence. However, data on enemies lacking in terms of accuracy, timeliness, and abundance is not suitable for use as AI learning data, so a training model is needed to collect AI learning data. In this paper, a methodology for learning artificial intelligence was presented using the constructive wargame model exercise data. First, the role and scope of artificial intelligence to support the commander and staff in the military decision-making process were specified, and to train artificial intelligence according to the role, learning data was identified in the Chang-Jo 21 model exercise data and the learning results were simulated. The simulation data set was created as imaginary sample data, and the doctrine of ROK Army, which is restricted to disclosure, was utilized with US Army's doctrine that can be collected on the Internet.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.40
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• pp.91-110
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• 2015

Both Plato and More imagined alternative ways of organizing society. What is common to both authors, then, is the fact that they resorted to fiction to discuss other options. They differed, however, in the way they presented that fiction. The concept of utopia is no doubt an attribute of modern thought, and one of its most visible consequences. But one of the main features of utopia as a literary genre is its relationship with reality. Utopists depart from the observation of the society they live in, note down the aspects that need to be changed and imagine a place where those problems have been solved. After the two World Wars, the twentieth century was predominantly characterized by man's disappointment at the perception of his own nature. In this context, utopian ideals seemed absurd and the floor was inevitably left to dystopian discourse. Both The Road by Cormac MacCarthy and The Childhood of Jesus by J. M. Coetzee can be called critical dystopia and critical utopia as they represent the imaginary place and time that author intended a contemporaneous reader to view as better or worse than contemporary society but with difficult problems that the described society may or may not be able to solve. As a changed adventure narrative, they have something in common like open ending, father and son relationship and religious allegory. But the most important thing is that they express the utopian impulse that is still energetic and transforming in the post-modern society.

• The Critical Review of Religion and Culture
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• no.25
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• pp.77-122
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• 2014

A Japanese director Sion Sono(園子溫, born in 1961), who is not so familiar to us yet, has been depicting the world of violence and sexuality filled with poetic and philosophical messages through the shockingly impressive works such as Strange Circus(2005), Love Exposure(2008), Cold Fish(2010), Guilty of Romance(2011), and so forth after the great success of Suicide Circle(2001) and its second film Noriko's Dinner Table(2005). In addition to these, he has also presented a kind of realistic visions in much more direct ways by Himizu(2011) or Land of Hope(2013) after 3 11 disaster. The purpose of this paper is to try a psychoanalytic interpretation of Sion Sono's film, centering on his Guilty of Romance(愛のむきだし), in terms of the concepts of Jacques Lacan(1901-1981), for example, gaze, objet petit a, fantasy, desire, the imaginary-the symbolic-the real, jouissance, etc. In so doing, this paper will pay special attention to the discourse of love on one hand, exploring the way how to show any new perspective to the religious studies by reading film and religion in association with Lacan on the other hand.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.245-261
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• 2019

Radioactive contaminant from a nuclear facility moves to the ecosystem by run-off or groundwater flow. Among the two mechanisms, contaminant plume through a river can be easily detected through a surface water monitoring system, but radioactive contaminant transport in groundwater is difficult to monitor because of lack of information on flow path. To understand the contaminant flow in groundwater, understanding of the geo-environment is needed. We suggest a method to decide on monitoring location and points around an imaginary nuclear facility by using the results of site characterization in the study area. To decide the location of a monitoring well, groundwater flow modeling around the study area was conducted. The results show that, taking account of groundwater flow direction, the monitoring well should be located at the downstream area. Also, monitoring sections in the monitoring well were selected, points at which groundwater moves fast through the flow path. The method suggested in the study will be widely used to detect potential groundwater contamination in the field of oil storage caverns, pollution by agricultural use, as well as nuclear use facilities including nuclear power plants.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.25-35
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• 2021

Middle-aged women experience diverse psychological and physical stresses and tensions through the menopause, aging, and taking up too many social roles, which often leads to sleep disorder. But there are not many scientific researches on the issue. Therefore, the research of efficacy of singing bowl that helps relax middle-aged women who have sleep disorder is needed to improve their health. This study was conducted with Giorgi's phenomenological method with 4 middle-aged women with sleep disorder, whose Pittsburgh sleeping quality scale marked over 5 points, who took part in singing bowl experience for 40 minutes and did the interview. The study resulted in following conclusions that through participants' singing bowl experience, 518 constructive meanings, 15 meaning units, 7 sub components, and 2 group subjects were drawn up. Firstly, when participants took part in the singing bowl experience, they underwent physical, mental, imagery experiences which are physical pain and muscle relaxation, mental relaxation, and positive mindset and imaginary images and colors. Secondly, physical changes that the participants felt after singing bowl experience was increased physical relaxation, improved physical symptoms and more physical activities, and psychologically participants also felt reduced anxiety, increased happiness and positive mentality. And behavioral changes are relaxed movements, increased activities, and improved sleep is huge benefit through changes of sleep pattern. In this study, singing bowl is confirmed to be effective both physically and psychologically on relaxing the middle-aged women's tensions that are caused by sleep disorders and singing bowl experience is meaningful in that the middle-aged women as well as modern people with the sleep disorders can be helped to have better lives.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.39-51
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• 2011

This study is explored the relationship of cultural history between the culture of mental stroll about nature and the traditional landscape architecture spaces, which showed various aspects of developments, based on the records as to landscape architecture spaces. The philosophical view on nature was turned into the esthetic view with the mellow ripeness of multifarious cultures in Choseon period, since the life of literati had to be a comprise between the Confucius' life and the Taoist life. Around the seventeenth century, as the culture of enjoying a secluded life in city had been descended, the aspiration to appreciate nature in daily life with the changed view on nature. Those desires made the Wa-yu culture, which has a meaning of mental stroll about nature, and drew the attention and various kinds of the Wa-yu culture had bloomed. In the field of Korean literature, the record of strolling in nature had flourished, while the realistic landscape painting had emerged in the field of art. In the field of landscape architecture, the building of places where the vivid experience of nature was realized in the aspect of impressions was performed to express their utopia. Indeed, the space of traditional landscape architecture in the reality meant more than the actual nature.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.45-53
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• 2021

Digital morph expresses the imaginary beyond the representation of reality by expressing the narrative effect characteristically. In particular, the effect of affect can be considered to be a characteristic of digital cinema as a post-cinema. In (2013), Morphing image prominently shows the characteristics of post-cinema. By actively utilizing software technology, this film gives a shocking effect by expressing the magical image. Paying attention to the post-cinematic characteristics of morphing different from classical film, this article treated the characteristics of digital morphing. The digital morphing presents the flow of affect visualizing uncanny phenomenon of body transformation. This evokes concept of neuro-image which Patricia Pisters distinguished the neuropsychiatric pathology that appears actively on the contemporary digital screen. The Neuro-image goes beyond the temporality of Deleuze's time-image presenting future. Allegedly, the morphing of presents the neuro-images when Nina's body changed to hybrid body with black swan. Digital Morphing technique provides a shocking effect, showing delirium when the body bizarrely deformed while dancing ballet. This is different from the attraction of the morphing in film, it expresses the emotion of the neoliberal era beyond representation. In conclusion, the digital morphing presents the neuro-image system modulating the shock. This shows the characteristics of digital film which interacting and controling the shock effect as post-cinema.