• Title/Summary/Keyword: Image synthesis

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Relational Commitment, Performance, and the Franchiser's Management Characteristics and Fairness in Food Service Distribution (외식프랜차이즈 가맹본부의 관리특성과 공정성이 관계결속과 성과에 미치는 영향)

  • Kwon, Young-Sik;Mun, Jang-Sil;Kwon, Jae-Kuk
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.12 no.12
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    • pp.119-130
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    • 2014
  • Purpose - Franchise industries are significant both socially and economically. However, with increasing interest, there are manifold problems. It is necessary to seek measures for mature operation constantly despite unprepared franchisors, negative perceptions of the media and society toward franchise, and rapid changes in business start-up trends and propensity to consume that make business start-ups difficult. The paper aims to explain the effects of relational commitment and performance on the franchisor's management characteristics and justice in the food service franchise system. Research design, data, and methodology - This is an exploratory survey examining franchising in Korea. Based on a literature synthesis, we extract five constructs: managerial characteristics, support, fairness, trust, and satisfaction. We hypothesize that these factors influence the trust, satisfaction, and performance of franchisees. To examine these hypotheses empirically, we conducted a survey on the database of the Franchising Council of Korea. The study employs data from May to September 2014. In total, 135 completed questionnaires were received, of which 128 were usable. The data was analyzed with SPSS/PC 22.0. First, to test unidimensionality and nomological validity of the measures of each construct, we employed a scale refinement procedure. The result of a reliability test with Cronbach's α and factor analysis warranted unidimensionality of the measures for each construct. In addition, nomological validity of the measures was warranted from the result of the correlation and regression analysis. By analyzing the data, we can confirm most hypotheses. Results - Frist, franchisor characteristics have a positive effect on trust and satisfaction. Second, franchisor fairness has an effect on trust and satisfaction. Third, franchisor support has an effect on satisfaction. Further, the franchisee trust has an effect on satisfaction. Fourth, the satisfaction of a franchisee with a franchisor affects the performance of a franchisee. Finally, there is a possibility that not only franchisee performance but also increasing the credibility and improving the image of the franchisor through communication between franchisor and franchisee can improve franchisees' performance and satisfaction by motivating the franchisee for sustainable growth. Franchisers should endeavor for franchisees to obtain stable revenue with continuous and practical support. They should recognize that they can expand their business by supporting their franchisees. Franchisors should not only instantly respond to franchisees' troubles with interactive communications but also raise the ability of supervisors for better support. Franchisors should share their visions and goals with their franchisees and provide systematic and continuous support based on trust and clear company management. Franchisees should understand franchisors' position as well as participate in establishing the basic franchise system. Contributions - The paper contributes to understanding franchising in Korea. It offers insights and assistance to franchisors hoping to start franchises. This paper explores measurement issues related to franchisee performance by estimating its determinant factors (managerial characteristics, support, fairness, trust, and satisfaction). This study provides franchisors and practitioners planning to extend their franchising business with some practical knowledge.

Surface Modification of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 by Trimethylsilyl Chloride as a Silylation Agent (Trimethylsilyl Chloride를 Silylation Agent로 사용한 Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 나노입자의 표면개질 연구)

  • Lee, Chan;Han, Wooje;Park, Hyung-Ho
    • Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.127-132
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    • 2019
  • In this study, barium strontium titanate (BSTO) with high dielectric perovskite structure was synthesized by liquid-solid solution synthesis and the surface was modified using trimethylsilyl chloride (TMCS) as a silylation agent. Silylation surface modification is a method of reacting -OH ligand on the surface of BSTO nanoparticles with Cl in TMCS to generate HCl and replacing the ligand on the surface of nanoparticles with -Si, -CH3. Silylation was optimized by varying the concentration of TMCS, and the structure of the silicon network was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. In addition, the crystallinity of BSTO nanoparticles was confirmed by X-ray diffractometer and the size of the nanoparticles was calculated using Scherrer equation. The field emission scanning electron microscopic image observed the change of the surface-modified BSTO particle size, and the contact angle measurement confirmed the hydrophobic property of the contact angle of 120.9° in the optimized nanoparticles. Finally, the surface-modified BSTO dispersion experiment in de-ionized water confirmed the hydrophobic degree of the nanoparticles.

The Study on Ultrasound Physical Characteristic and Synthesis of Tissue Mimicking Materials Used New Materials (신소재를 사용한 인체조직모사물질의 합성과 초음파 물리적 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Ma, Sang-Chull;Kim, Hwa-Sun;Ann, Young-Man
    • Journal of radiological science and technology
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.245-252
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    • 2010
  • This study analyzed speed of sound, impedance, attenuation coefficient in accordance with acoustic characteristic standard of body soft tissue corresponding with Annex DD of IEC standard 60601-2-37(2007) which is about tissue mimicking materials (TMM) synthesized by polyurethane as a main material and new type of n-type scatter materials. This study reached the following conclusion after analyzing and evaluating image characteristic with SONOACE 9900 c PRIME (MEDESON Co.) and brightness, maximum penetration with convex probe (2.5~5.0 MHz). When n-type scatter materials are increasingly synthesised 0~8% with prepolymer as a main material and polyol mixture as a catalyst, 1. The more scatter materials are increased, the more sound speed of TMM becomes closely similar to soft tissue. 2. The more scatter materials are decreased, the more acoustic impedance becomes closely similar to soft tissue. 3. The more scatter materials are increased, the more attenuation coefficient is increased. 4. The more scatter materials are increased, the more average brightness of images is increased, but there is threshold. 5. The maximum penetration becomes closely similar to soft tissue at the 6% TMM as a scatter material.

Whitening Effects of Angelica dahurica Radix Ethanol Extract (백지 에탄올추출물의 미백효능 연구)

  • Kim, Pil-Sun
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.12 no.9
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    • pp.4038-4045
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    • 2011
  • To investigate whitening Effects of Angelica dahurica Radix Ethanol Extract (ADEE), we used melan-a cell line, brown guinea pig, and HMB-45. We treated with ADEE of 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration in order to evaluate the effect of ADEE on cell viability and on morphological observation of melan-a cells. Also we were induced the artificial tanning spots by 1,500 mJ/$cm^2$ of ultraviolet B radiation on the backs of brown guinea pigs (approximately 450~500g) and then the test agent of $30{\mu}{\ell}$ was applied on the spots twice a day, five days a week, for five weeks respectively. The visible whitening effect was evaluated once a week. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed under anesthetization. The artificial tanning spots were obtained by biopsy punch and stained with HMB-45 to observe the gp100 proteins which were melanosomes. Our results show that cell viability was not reduce at ADEE concentrations between 6.25 and 50 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$, melanin synthesis and melanocyte dendricity were decreased in ADEE treated melan-a cells increasing ADEE concentration. In the gross observation, ADEE treated groups had lower pigmentation than the vehicle control groups. And in the histological observation, ADEE treated groups had lower melanocytes than the vehicle control groups. Also in the quantitative analysis of the gp100 proteins using image analysis software, ADEE treated groups had a significantly lower value (p<0.001) than the vehicle control group and this resultsagreed with the results of observation under microscope. From these results, weconcluded that ADEE had positive whitening effect.

Video-to-Video Generated by Collage Technique (콜라주 기법으로 해석한 비디오 생성)

  • Cho, Hyeongrae;Park, Gooman
    • Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.39-60
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    • 2021
  • In the field of deep learning, there are many algorithms mainly after GAN in research related to generation, but in terms of generation, there are similarities and differences with art. If the generation in the engineering aspect is mainly to judge the presence or absence of a quantitative indicator or the correct answer and the incorrect answer, the creation in the artistic aspect creates a creation that interprets the world and human life by cross-validating and doubting the correct answer and incorrect answer from various perspectives. In this paper, the video generation ability of deep learning was interpreted from the perspective of collage and compared with the results made by the artist. The characteristic of the experiment is to compare and analyze how much GAN reproduces the result of the creator made with the collage technique and the difference between the creative part, and investigate the satisfaction level by making performance evaluation items for the reproducibility of GAN. In order to experiment on how much the creator's statement and purpose of expression were reproduced, a deep learning algorithm corresponding to the statement keyword was found and its similarity was compared. As a result of the experiment, GAN did not meet much expectations to express the collage technique. Nevertheless, the image association showed higher satisfaction than human ability, which is a positive discovery that GAN can show comparable ability to humans in terms of abstract creation.

The Synthesis and MR Properties of New Macromolecular MR Contrast Agent (새로운 거대분자 MR 조영제의 합성 및 MR 특성에 관한 연구)

  • 장용민;장영환;황문정;박현정;전경녀;이종민;배경수;강봉석
    • Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.35-40
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    • 2002
  • Purpose : To evaluate the NMR relaxation properties and imaging characteristics of tissue-specificity for a newly developed macromolecular MR agent. Materials and methods : Phthalocyanine (PC) was chelated with paramagnetic ion, Mn.2.01g (5.2 mmol) of Phthalocyanine was mixed with 0.37g (1.4 mmol) of Mn chloride at $310^{\circ}C$ for 36 hours and then purified by chromatography (CHC13/CH3OH 98/2 v/v, Rf, 0.76) to obtain 1.04g (46%) of MnPC (molecular weight= 2000d). The $T1}T2$ relaxivity of MnPC was measured in 1.5T(64 MHz) MR using 0.1 mM MnPC. The MR image characteristics of MnPC was evaluated using spin-echo (TR/TE=500/14 msec) and gradient-echo (FLASH) (TR/TE=80/4 msec, flip angle=60) techniques in 1.57 MR scanner. The images of rabbit liver were obtained every 10 minutes up to 4 hours. To study the effect of concentration on image, 20 mM, 50 mM, 100 mM of MnPC were tested. Results : The relaxivities of MnPC at 1.5T(64MHz) were Rl=7.28 $mM^{-1}S^{-1},{\;}R2=55.56mM^{-1}S^{-1}$. Compared to the values of Gd-DTPA (Rl[=4.8 $mM^{-1}S^{-1})$], R2[=5.2 $mM^{-1}S^{-1}])$]), both T1/T2 relaxivities of MnPC were higher than those of Gd-DTPA. For both of SE and FLASH techniques, the contrast enhancement reached maximum at 10 minutes after bolus injection and the enhancement continued for more than 2 hours. When compared with small molecular weight liver agents such as Gd-EOB-DTPA, Gd-BOPTA and MnDPDP, MnPC was characterized by more prolonged enhancement time. The time course of MR images also revealed biliary excretion of MnPC. Conclusion : We developed a new macromolecular MR agent, MnPC. The relaxivities of MnPC were higher than those of small molecular weight Gd-chelate. Hepatic uptake and biliary excretion of MnPC suggests that this agent is a new liver-specific MR agent.

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Kit Preparation and Biodistribution of $Bz-MAG_3$ (benzoylmercaptoacetylglycylglycylglycine) for Renal Imaging (신장기능영상용 방사성의 약품 $Bz-MAG_3$(Benzoylmercaptoacetylglycylglycylglycine) 의 키트화 및 체내분포)

  • Kim, Young-Ju;Jeong, Jae-Min;Cho, Jung-Hyuk;Chang, Young-Soo;Lee, Dong-Soo;Chung, June-Key;Lee, Myung-Chul;Koh, Chang-Soon
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.367-371
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    • 1996
  • The $MAG_3$ is a tubular excreting radiopharmaceutical for renal image. We synthesized benzoyl $MAG_3\;(Bz-MAG_3)$ and made a kit for labeling with $^{99m}Tc$. We checked the labeling efficieny of $^{99m}Tc$ labeled $MAG_3$ and biodistribution. Labeling efficieny was checked by TLC-SG (acetonitrile/$H_2O$=2/1). After injecting of 1 mCi of $^{99m}Tc-MAG_3$ to ICR-mice, $T_{max}(min),\;T_{1/2}(min)$ were obtained in the renogram. Sequential images (30sec, 2min, 5min, 10min, 15min, 20min) of $^{99m}Tc-MAG_3$ were compared with those of commercial $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA (Du Pont Merck Pharmaceutical Co.) kit. 1) The $R_f$ value of synthesized $^{99m}Tc-MAG_3$ was 0.78 and labeling efficiency was $97.5{\pm}1.9%$ (n=10). 2) The dynamic images of the $^{99m}Tc-MAG_3$ were better than those of the $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA. 3) The $T_{max}(min.)$ and $T_{1/2}(min.)$ of $^{99m}Tc-MAG_3$ (n=10) were $1.5{\pm}0.5$ (left), $1.4{\pm}0.4$ (right), and $4.3{\pm}1.4$ (left), $4.8{\pm}2.0$ (right), respectively. The $T_{max}(min.)$ and $T_{1/2}(min.)$ of $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA (n=7) were $2.7{\pm}1.6$ (left), $2.7{\pm}1.6$ (right), and $3.8{\pm}1.7$ (left), $4.5{\pm}2.7$ (right), respectively. The quaility of image and labeling efficiency of the synthesized $Bz-MAG_3$ kit were excellent, that it was supposed to be used in routine clinical work.

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IMAGING SIMULATIONS FOR THE KOREAN VLBI NETWORK(KVN) (한국우주전파관측망(KVN)의 영상모의실험)

  • Jung, Tae-Hyun;Rhee, Myung-Hyun;Roh, Duk-Gyoo;Kim, Hyun-Goo;Sohn, Bong-Won
    • Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 2005
  • The Korean VLBI Network (KVN) will open a new field of research in astronomy, geodesy and earth science using the newest three Elm radio telescopes. This will expand our ability to look at the Universe in the millimeter regime. Imaging capability of radio interferometry is highly dependent upon the antenna configuration, source size, declination and the shape of target. In this paper, imaging simulations are carried out with the KVN system configuration. Five test images were used which were a point source, multi-point sources, a uniform sphere with two different sizes compared to the synthesis beam of the KVN and a Very Large Array (VLA) image of Cygnus A. The declination for the full time simulation was set as +60 degrees and the observation time range was -6 to +6 hours around transit. Simulations have been done at 22GHz, one of the KVN observation frequency. All these simulations and data reductions have been run with the Astronomical Image Processing System (AIPS) software package. As the KVN array has a resolution of about 6 mas (milli arcsecond) at 220Hz, in case of model source being approximately the beam size or smaller, the ratio of peak intensity over RMS shows about 10000:1 and 5000:1. The other case in which model source is larger than the beam size, this ratio shows very low range of about 115:1 and 34:1. This is due to the lack of short baselines and the small number of antenna. We compare the coordinates of the model images with those of the cleaned images. The result shows mostly perfect correspondence except in the case of the 12mas uniform sphere. Therefore, the main astronomical targets for the KVN will be the compact sources and the KVN will have an excellent performance in the astrometry for these sources.

Synthesis of d- and l-Form of $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO, and Comparison of Brain Uptake ($^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO의 광학이성체 d-, l-Form의 합성과 뇌섭취율 비교)

  • Kang, Chan-Soon;Chang, Young-Soo;Jeong, Jae-Min;Lee, Dong-Soo;Chung, June-Key;Lee, Kang-Choon;Lee, Myung-Chul
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.69-74
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    • 2001
  • Purpose: $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO is a radiopharmaceutical for imaging cerebral blood flow. HMPAO (RR, SS)-4.8-diaza-3,6,6,9-tetramethylundecan-2,10- dione bisoxime) has three stereoismers such as, meso-. d-, and l-HMPAO. Techentium complexes of meso-HMPAO and d,l-HMPAO are known to have different in vivo brain uptakes. In this study, enantiomers of HMPAO (d-HMPAO and l-HMPAO) were separated from d,l-HMPAO. These enantiomers were labeled with $^{99m}Tc$ and the biodistribution studies were performed in mice. Materials and Methods: An intermediate imine product was produced from 2,3-butanedione monooxime and 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine (54% yield) and was reduced into a mixture of three isomers (35% yield). The meso-isomer was separated from d,l-mixture by repeated fractional crystallization (11 % yield). The d- and l-enantiomers were subsequently separated by co-crystallization with optical isomers of tartaric acid (25% and 5% yield. respectively). Each enantiomeric HMPAO was labeled with $^{99m}Tc$ by reacting with $SnCI_2{\cdot}2H_2O\;and\;^{99m}Tc$-pertechnetate. Biodistribution study was performed 1 hr after tail vein injection to ICR mice. Results: Radiochemical purities of each compound were over 80%. In biodistribution study. the brain uptakes of d,l- d- and l-form were 1.34, 1.12 and 1.67% ID/g, respectively. In case of l-lsomer the brain uptake was higher (1.5 fold) than d-isomer. Conclusion: We successfully purified each enantiomeric HMPAO. In biodistribution study of stereoismers of $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO in mice, l-HMPAO may show better brain image than d,l-HMPAO which was supplied in a commercial kit.

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The Study on the Role of 3D Animated Pre-visualization in VFX FilmProduction (VFX 영화 제작을 위한 3D animatied Pre-visualization(3D애니메이티드 사전시각화)의 역할에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Sung-Ho
    • Cartoon and Animation Studies
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    • s.51
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    • pp.293-319
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    • 2018
  • Thanks to the advancement of the related technologies and equipment, today's video contents like movies, animations and soap operas are rapidly expanding their expressible cinematic imagination area. In order to fulfill the elevated visual expectations of audiences and realize exciting storytelling and fantastic world, the fusion of different techniques is actively used, and the reality for visual effects and image synthesis is increasing more and more. Accordingly, recent VFX-oriented movies using CG have a much more complicated production process than before. Therefore, the importance of Pre-visualization, aka Pre-vis is becoming bigger in the planning process for sophisticated design. Pre-vis means that the advance visualization for stories or directing ideas in the planning process before starting production of movies or animations. 3D animated Pre-visualization realizing directors' abstract and ambiguous ideas in 3 dimensional environment in advance is, as a powerful means for visual storytelling, briskly used focusing on the VFX film industry on which the present CG is broadly used, and the role of Pre-vis throughout productions has increased compared to the past. The studies, however, on the role and utility of Pre-vis are not enough. Therefore, this study was conducted on the role of Pre-vis used for present VFX movie productions using the examples of 3D animated Pre-visualization production in which the researcher of this study participated. In this study, the role of the Pre-vis that is subdivided presently, is divided into and 3D animatics and their each role is analyzed with the example images. Through this, the characteristics that Pre-vis should have are clarified and the concept of the advantages and utility led by the use of Pre-vis in productions is strengthened. The goal of this study is to induce active uses of Pre-vis throughout productions after forming consensus about the various roles of Pre-vis and their utility.