• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.182-195
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• 2001

연구배경 : IPF에 의한 유병률과 사망률은 점차 증가하는 추세이나 좋은 치료는 없는 상태이다. 폐 섬유화 과정에서 TGF-${\beta}_1$, TNF-$\alpha$, ET-1, IFN-$\gamma$등의 사이토카인이 중요한 역할을 함이 알려져 있다. 본 실험은 파라콰트를 기관지 내로 주입하여 섬유화가 유발되는 과정의 백서의 폐 조직 내에서 ET-1과 TGF-${\beta}_1$의 발현을 살펴보고, 또한 비선택적 ET-1 receptor blocker인 Bosentan이 폐 섬유화의 치료에 효과가 있는지를 보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 웅성 7-8 주령의 백서 120 마리를 세 그룹으로 나누고 제 1그룹은 대조군으로 하여 기관지 내로 생리 식염수를 투여하였고, 제2그룹은 파라콰트를 투여하였으며, 제3그룹은 첫날 파라콰트를 투여한 후 매일 gastric gavage 방법으로 보센탄을 투여하였다. 파라콰트 혹은 생리식염수를 투여한 지 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14일째 각각 세 그룹의 일정 수를 희생하여 폐의 병리조직을 보고 면역세포화학염색으로 ET-1과 TGF-${\beta}_1$의 발현 율을 조사하여 분석하였다. 폐 섬유화의 정도는 H&E 염색과 Masson trichrome 염색을 하여 컴퓨터 영상분석을 시행하였고, 면역세포화학염색은 염색정도에 따라 반정량화하여 분석하였다. 결 과 : 파라콰트를 투여한 군이 대조군에 비해 콜라겐의 침착이 실험 3일째부터 현저히 증가하였고, ET-1과 TGF-${\beta}_1$의 발현이 주로 실험 초기에 증가하였다. 그러나 보센탄을 투여한 경우 콜라겐이 침착된 양에는 유의한 변화가 없었고 파라콰트군과 비교해서 ET-1과 TGF-${\beta}_1$의 발현에 뚜렷한 변화는 없었다. 결 론: 파라콰트를 투여한 경우 폐 섬유화가 증가하였다. 그리고 ET-1과 TGF-${\beta}_1$의 발현이 증가하였다. 그러나 ET-1 에 대한 receptor blocker인 보센탄이 폐 섬유화를 막지는 못하였다. 파라콰트에 의한 폐 섬유화에 ET-1이 연관성이 있으나 그 역할에 대해서는 추후 더 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.421-425
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• 2012

식중독을 일으키는 대표적인 원인균인 살모넬라를 검출하기 위해 측방 유동형 간이진단 키트를 제작하였다. 또한, 제작된 간이진단 키트의 검출한계를 향상시키고 살모넬라 균수를 정량적으로 분석하기 위해 이미지 분석 시스템을 적용하였다. 그 결과 간이진단 키트의 검출한계는 $10^6\;cfu/mL$에서 $10^5\;cfu/mL$로 향상시킬 수 있었다. 살모넬라 균수의 정량적 분석을 위해 $T_{peak}/C_{peak}$와 $T_{area}/C_{area}$값을 이용하여 다중회귀분석을 수행하였으며 개발된 다중회귀방정식 중에서 가장 단순하고 결정계수가 높은 다중회귀방정식을 선정하였다. 추가로 제작된 간이진단 키트를 이용하여 개발된 다중회귀방정식을 검증한 결과 결정계수가 0.9393으로 우수한 선형성을 나타내었다. 본 연구에서 개발된 다중회귀방정식을 이용하여 더 정확하게 간이진단 키트에서 측정된 살모넬라 균수를 예측하는 것이 가능하였다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.457-462
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to compare image quality of indirect digital radiography (IDR) system using the International Electro-technical Commission standard (IEC 62220-1), and to suggest the analysis of noise power spectrum (NPS) which were applied to IEC 62220-1 in medical imaging. In this study, Pixium 4600 (Trixell, France) which is indirect flat panel detector (FPD) was used. The size of image receptor (IR) is $7{\times}17$ inch (matrix $3001{\times}3001$) which performed 14bit processing and pixel pitch is $143{\mu}m$. In IEC standard, NPS evaluation were applied to RQA3, RQA5, RQA7 and RQA9. Because of different radiation quality, each region of interesting (ROI) were compared. The results of NPS indicated up to $3.5mm^{-1}$ including low Nyquist frequency. RQA5 indicated the lowest NPS and the others indicated higher NPS results relatively. NPS result of ROI a38 was higher than ROI a92 and this result indicated that there are more noise in left (cathode) than right (anode). This study were to evaluate NPS by using different radiation quality and setting the each ROI, and to suggest the quantitative methods of measuring NPS.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.259-263
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• 2019

This study was purpose to compare image quality of Indirect digital radiography (IDR) system by using the International electro-technical commission standard(IEC 62220-1) which were applied to IEC in medical imaging. To evaluation the analysis of Modulation transfer function(MTF) measurements edge device each angle by using edge method. In this study, Aero (Konica, Japan) which is Indirect flat panel detector(FPD) was used, the size of image receptor matrix $1994{\times}2430$ which performed 12bit processing and pixel pitch is $175{\mu}m$. In IEC standard method were applied to each angle were compared. The results of shown as LSF at $2.0^{\circ}$ and $3.0^{\circ}$ angeles. Shape is constant and shows smooth shape. The amount of data seemed reasonable and 2.19 cycles/mm and 2.01 cycles/mm at a spatial frequency of $2.0^{\circ}$ and $3.0^{\circ}$ at an MTF value of 0.1. At an MTF value of 0.5, the spatial frequencies were $2.0^{\circ}$ and 1.11 cycles/mm and 0.93 cycles/mm at an angle of $3.0^{\circ}$. This study were to evaluate MTF by setting the each $2{\sim}3^{\circ}$ each angle and to suggest the quantitative methods of measuring by using IEC.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.196-203
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• 2022

Objective: This study compared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between groups with high and low numbers of fine marbling particles (NFMP) in the longissimus thoracis muscle (LT) of Korean cattle to understand the molecular events associated with fine marbling particle formation. Methods: The size and distribution of marbling particles in the LT were assessed with a computer image analysis method. Based on the NFMP, 10 LT samples were selected and assigned to either high- (n = 5) or low- (n = 5) NFMP groups. Using RNA sequencing, LT transcriptomic profiles were compared between the high- and low-NFMP groups. DEGs were selected at p<0.05 and |fold change| >2 and subjected to functional annotation. Results: In total, 328 DEGs were identified, with 207 up-regulated and 121 down-regulated genes in the high-NFMP group. Pathway analysis of these DEGs revealed five significant (p<0.05) Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathways; the significant terms included endocytosis (p = 0.023), protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum (p = 0.019), and adipocytokine signaling pathway (p = 0.024), which are thought to regulate adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia. The expression of sirtuin4 (p<0.001) and insulin receptor substrate 2 (p = 0.043), which are associated with glucose uptake and adipocyte differentiation, was higher in the high-NFMP group than in the low-NFMP group. Conclusion: Transcriptome differences between the high- and low-NFMP groups suggest that pathways regulating adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy are involved in the marbling fineness of the LT.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2018

In this study, We developed a Ancillary device for child radiography for X-ray of children under 5 years old and verified its effectiveness. Chest X-rays of children younger than 5 years of age were performed by Supine method at the position of Table detector, Short - Source to Image Receptor Distance(SID). Existing Supine and Short -SID imaging methods cause many problems, such as errors in image reading and excessive radiation exposure dose to patients, but the use of an Ancillary device for child radiography(ADCR) solves these problems. A total of 160 children were divided into the Upright group using ADCR and Supine group without ADCR. The chest X-ray image was visually evaluated by two radiologists with reference to the European Commission's List of Quality Criteria for Diagnostic Radiographic Images in Pediatrics. The total score of the qualitative evaluation was 5.15% higher in the chest upright method using ADCR than in the chest supine method without ADCR, and the chest upright method score was higher than that of the chest supine method in items 1 to 7. whether infants have deep inspiration or not, 4.87% higher for item 1, whether infants rotate or not and the degree of tilting, 0% higher for the item 2, the reproduction of image from just above apices of lungs to T12/L1, 0% for the item 3, reproduction of the vascular pattern in central 2/3 of the lungs, 6.92% higher for the item 4, reproduction of the trachea and the proximal bronchi, 12.9% higher for the item 5, visually sharp reproduction of the diaphragm and costo-phrenic angles, 10% higher for the item 6, reproduction of the spine and paraspinal structures and visualisation of the retrocardiac lung and the mediastinum, and 3.65% higher for the item 7. Items 2 and 3 showed no statistically significant differences(P > 0.05), and items 1, 4, 5, 6, and 7 showed statistically significant differences(P < 0.05). In conclusion, Upright method using ADCR in pediatric chest X-ray is considered as a good alternative to existing Supine method.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2019

The Cobey method and the modified Cobey method are most commonly used in clinical practice. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the radiological differences between Cobey and modified Cobey and provide radiographic information about changes of hindfoot image with X-ray entrance center and tube angle change in modified Cobey. This study was performed on foot and ankle phantom. First, for image comparison of Cobey and modified Cobey, the images obtained by applying the same X-ray entrance center to the ankle joint were compared and analyzed. Second, in the modified Cobey, the X-ray entrance center is set as ankle joint and lateral malleolus. The X-ray tube angle was varied from $10^{\circ}$ to $40^{\circ}$ at $5^{\circ}$ intervals for each X-ray entrance center. The images obtained by varying the X-ray tube angle from $10^{\circ}$ to $40^{\circ}$ at intervals of $5^{\circ}$ for each X-ray entrance center were compared and analyzed. The irradiation conditions were the same with 110 kVp, 200 mA, 10 ms, and 110 cm of source - image receptor distance (SID). Image evaluation was performed by two radiologists. Measurements were made on the lateral point, middle point, and calcaneus width based on a hypothetical line parallel to the calcaneal tuberosity. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics as the mean of the distance to each measurement location. The modified Cobey was longer than the Cobey by an average of 3 to 4 mm lateral and medial points, and the calcaneus width was similar (ICC = 0.939). In modified Cobey method, when the X-ray entrance center is ankle joint, the lateral point is about 3 mm and the medial point is about 4.3 mm longer than lateral malleolus. Also, when the X-ray tube angle is more than $20^{\circ}$, the degree of distortion is large. The ICCs for the lateral, medial point, and calcaneus width were 0.998, 0.961, and 0.997, respectively, as the X-ray entrance center and tube angle were changed. There was no significant difference between Modified Cobey and Cobey. Modified Cobey showed no need to compensate the $20^{\circ}$ detector angle of the Cobey. In addition, we suggest that tube angle should be limited within $20^{\circ}$ when modified Cobey is performed.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

PET allows non-invasive, quantitative and repetitive imaging of biological function in living animals. Small animal PET imaging with $[^{18}F]$FDG has been successfully applied to investigation of metabolism, receptor-ligand interactions, gene expression, adoptive cell therapy and somatic gene therapy. Experimental condition of animal handling impacts on the biodistribution of $[^{18}F]$FDG in small animal study. The small animal PET and CT images were registered using the hardware fiducial markers and small animal contour point. Tumor imaging in small animal with small animal $[^{18}F]$FDG PET should be considered fasting, warming, and isoflurane anesthesia level. Registered imaging with small animal PET and CT image could be useful for the detection of tumor. Small animal experimental condition of animal handling and registration method will be of most importance for small lesion detection of metastases tumor model.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.372.1-372.1
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• 2016

Recently, there are a lot of diseases all around the world. Out of them, Atherosclerosis (AS) is the most common cause of stroke, cardiovascular mortality, and myocardial infarction. The macrophage-derived foam cell, which is formed by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), is the crucial marker for AS. In this study, we report a label-free capacitance imaging technique with multi-electrode array (MEA). The lipid-rich aorta arch lesions, which are derived from an apolipoprotein-E receptor-deficient (apoE-/-) mouse, exhibit higher capacitance than the lipid-free aorta arch, allowing the capacitance imaging of lipid region in atherosclerosis. To improve the contacts between MEA and tissue, polypyrrole(PPy)-coated multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) multi electrode array (PPy-MWNTs-MEA) was fabricated. Compared to TiN-MEA, PPy-MWNTs-MEA yielded lower contact impedance and better capacitance images. In addition, we have also developed a flexible MEA using single walled carbon nanotubes on a PET substrate. The lipid region could be discriminated in the capacitance images of the lipid-rich aorta arch lesions measured using flexible MEA, demonstrating a feasibility of in vivo applications.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.256-263
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• 2017

By using the buildup characteristics of the radiophotoluminescence glass dosimeter(RPLGD), it is aimed to help the measurement of the accurate dose by measuring the radiation dose according to the time of the glass element. Five glass elements were arranged on the table and the source to image receptor distance(SID) was set to 100 cm for the build-up radiation dose measurement of the fluorescent glass dosimeter glass element(GD-352M). Radiation doses and saturation rates were measured over time according to irradiation time, with the tube voltage (30, 60, 90 kVp) and tube current (50, 100 mAs) Repeatability test was repeated ten times to measure the coefficient of variation. The radiation dose increased from 0.182 mGy to 12.902 mGy and the saturation rate increased from 58.3% with increasing exposure condition and time. The coefficient of variation of the glass elements of the fluorescent glass dosimeter was ranged from 0.2 to 0.77 according to the X - ray exposure conditions. X - ray exposure showed that the radiation dose and saturation rate were increased with buildup characteristics, and degeneration of glass elements was not observed. The reproducibility of the variation coefficient of the radiation generator was included within the error range and the reproducibility of the radiation dose was excellent.