• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 2014

Background: Epiduroscopic laser neural decompression (ELND) has been performed as a treatment tool for chronic refractory low back pain and/or radicular pain. There are some studies about the usefulness of epiduroscopy for post lumbar surgery syndrome, however, few studies about the effectiveness of epiduroscopy for patients without back surgery. We compared the satisfaction of patients who underwent ELND for chronic low back pain and/or radicular pain after back surgery and for the same symptoms without surgery. Methods: We compared the degree of satisfaction of patients after ELND between who had underwent the lumbar spine surgery and who had not retrospectively by chart reviewing. We divided 39 patients who had received ELND into two groups, one is the group of patients who got the lumbar surgery (group 1), and the other is the group of patients who did not (group 2). Their medical records including age, sex, previous treatment, duration of illness, degree of symptom relief were investigated. We compared each items between two groups. Results: The number of patients in group 1 was 17, and group 2 was 22. In group 1, 16 patients (94.1%) showed more than 'Acceptable', and 19 patients (86.4%) showed more than 'Acceptable' in group 2. There is no significant differences statistically in percentage of patients who showed more than 'Acceptable' in the satisfaction after ELND between two groups. Conclusions: ELND provided satisfaction (more than 85%) for patients with chronic low back pain and/or leg pain regardless of previous back surgery history.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.167-175
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• 2001

Background : Allergic rhinitis is found in approximately 20% of the general population. And the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in the pediatric population also appears to be rising. Despite allergic rhinitis reportedly occurs very frequently, this disease is often overlooked or undertreated. The oriental medicine, allergic rhinitis is belong to the BiGu, BunChe. The symptoms are watery rhinorrhea, sneezing and nasal obstruction. The cause of disease is the weak of lung, spleen and kidney, and invasion in to nasal cavity of Poong Han etc a wrong air. Objective : To allergic rhinitis patients, we use herbal medicine and acupuncture treated. To demonstrate the effect of oriental medicine therapy in the allergic rhinitis before and after treatment. Materials and methods: Thirty five patients (18 male and 17 female) treated in our hospital between February 2001 and October 2001 were studied. Ages ranged from 10 to 56 years (mean age : 27 years). Seventy seven patients had a underlying family history (allergy or sinusitis of parents or brothers). In the past history, 63% patients have atopic disease. Illness period was from 1 month to 20 years (mean period : 5.7 year). Mean duration of treatment were 39 days. Gamihyunggyeyungyo-tang was administered mainly. Result : The symptoms of allergic rhinitis were nasal obstruction(94%), rhinorrhea(86%), itching(80%), sneezing(60%), eye itching(17%), headache(11%), nose bleeding(8%) and nose pain(6%). Compared with before and after treatment, the fourth symptoms of allergic rhinitis - sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction and itching- improved significant statistically. (significant <0.005) Conclusion : We know that herbal medicine therapy and acupuncture were the effective treatment of Allergic rhinitis.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.5-10
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• 2008

Objective : To evaluate the surgical outcomes of ventral interbody grafting and anterior or posterior spinal instrumentation for the treatment of advanced spondylodiscitis with patients who had failed medical management. Methods : A total of 28 patients were evaluated for associated medical illness, detected pathogen, level of involved spine, and perioperative complications. Radiological evaluation including the rate of bony union, segmental Cobb angle, graft- and instrumentation-related complications, and clinical outcomes by mean Frankel scale and VAS score were performed. Results : There are 14 pyogenic spondylodiscitis, 6 postoperative spondylodiscitis, and 8 tuberculous spondylodiscitis. There were 21 males and 7 females. Mean age was 51 years, with a range from 18 to 77. Mean follow-up period was 10.9 months. Associated medical illnesses were 6 diabetes, 3 pulmonary tuberculosis, and 4 chronic liver diseases. Staphylococcus was the most common pathogen isolated (25%), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis was found in 18% of the patients. Operative approaches, either anterior or posterior spinal instrumentation, were done simultaneously or delayed after anterior aggressive debridement, neural decompression, and structural interbody bone grafting. All patients with neurological deficits improved after operation, except only one who died from aggravation as military tuberculosis. Mean Frankel scale was changed from $3.78{\pm}0.78$ preoperatively to $4.78{\pm}0.35$ at final follow up and mean VAS score was improved from $7.43{\pm}0.54$ to $2.07{\pm}1.12$. Solid bone fusion was obtained in all patients except only one patient who died. There was no need for prolongation of duration of antibiotics and no evidence of secondary infection owing to spinal instrumentations. Conclusion : According to these results, debridement and anterior column reconstruction with ventral interbody grafting and instrumentation is effective and safe in patients who had failed medical management and neurological deficits in advanced spondylodiscitis.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.52-68
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• 1995

This is the quasi experimental study to evaluate the effect of individual health education for hypertensive patients at home on knowledge of hypertesnion, attitude about chronic disease, self-care management. The individual health education program was performed at each patient's home every one month through, 1 years. The first data collection was carried out in May 1991. and the last was done in July 1992 through questionaires. The study results were as follows; 1) The subjects were 22 hypertensive patients who agreed the participation of study among registered patients at a public health center in Incheon. They were consisted of thirteen males and nine females. And their duration of illness were average 5 years, their mean age were 65 years. The over all living conditions were poor and the average monthly income was 50 thousdand won. 2) The effect of individual health education through home visit was statistically significant. The Knowledge of hypertension (t= -4.40, p<.001), attitude about chronic disease (t=­2.65, p<.05), self-care management of the subjects were significantly improved. (t=-3.76, p<.001), and their blood pressure were decreased. 3) Between the knowledge of hypertesnion and the attitude about chronic disease showed significant positive relationship. But the self-care management had not relationship with these two factors. unexpectedly. 4) The knowledge of hypertension, attitude about chronic disease, and self-care management had not evenly influenced the control of hypertension. These results suggested that the effort needed to find out the other factors influencing self-care management and develop the self-care management measuring tool. And the health education programs for chronic patients were developed, systematically. And the standardized health education model was developed for home health care nursing intervention in community based.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.58 no.5
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• pp.515-520
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• 2005

Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) has been described as an idiopathic febrile illness with a duration of less than seven days with severe hypoxemia, pulmonary infiltrates, and no history of asthma. It has been reported that AEP is associated with smoking. Although the pathogenesis of smoking induced AEP is being actively studied, there is no direct histological evidence that smoking actually induces AEP. Recently, we encountered a case of AEP that may have been caused by smoking. We performed a cigarette smoking challenge test to verify that smoking was indeed the cause of AEP in this patient. Smoking induced an increase the proportion of eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid without any respiratory symptoms or abnormal radiological findings. This result suggests that smoking was the cause of AEP in this patient.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2004

Objectives:Tardive dyskinesia(TD) is a serious side effect associated with long-term antipsychotic treatments. Some candidate genetic polymorphisms were reported to be associated with TD and possible involvement of serotonergic receptors in the pathophysiology of TD has been suggested. In the present study, we investigated the association between $5-HT_6$ receptor gene polymorphism and TD with schizophrenia. Methods:To investigate the relationship between $5-HT_6$ receptor gene polymorphism and TD, 60 patients with TD were compared with 60 patients without TD. The 267C/T allele of $5-HT_6$ receptor gene was genotyped by means of polymerase chain reaction method. TD was evaluated using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale(AIMS). Results:The patients with the three 267C/T genotype showed no significant differences in age, gender, and duration of illness. No significant difference in genotype frequencies was observed between schizophrenic patients with and without TD. In addition, there was no difference in allele frequencies. Further analysis with an measure of AIMS scores showed that these scores were not significantly influenced by the $5-HT_6$ receptor gene polymorphism. Conclusion:These results suggest that 267C/T polymorphism of $5-HT_6$ receptor gene is not significantly associated with susceptibility to TD in schizophrenia.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.170-180
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• 2009

Objectives : To assess clinical improvement and change in plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) level after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS) in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Methods : Seven patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia, who were proven to be treatment-resistant, were treated with 15 sessions of rTMS for three weeks as an adjuvant therapy to antipsychotic treatment. Clinical improvement and change in plasma BDNF level were measured after the treatment period. The symptom severity was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS) and the Korean Version of Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia(K-CDSS) at baseline and 7 days after the treatment. Plasma BDNF level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) at baseline and 7 days after the treatment. Results : After the rTMS treatment, there was no significant improvement in PANSS total score(Z=-1.693, p=0.090) and no significant change in plasma BDNF was found(Z=-1.183, p=0.237). Negative correlations were found between percentage change in PANSS positive subscale score and duration of illness(rho=-0.991, N=7, p<0.0005, two-tailed), and PANSS negative subscale score at baseline and percentage change in plasma BDNF level(rho=-0.821, N=7, p=0.023, two-tailed). Conclusion : This preliminary study suggests that rTMS didn't make a significant change in clinical symptoms nor in plasma BDNF level in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Percentage change in plasma BDNF, however, might be correlated with treatment resistance in schizophrenic patients. This is a pilot study with a small sample size, therefore, a further study with a larger sample size is needed.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.30-44
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• 2014

Objectives By analyzing data of the pediatric patients who had visited the emergency room of the oriental medical hospital, we can understand their characteristics and diseases. The purpose of this study was to introduce the excellence of the Oriental medicine, to develop various treatments, and to revitalize pediatric emergency care at the oriental medical hospital. Methods The study was composed of 334 pediatric patients who had visited the emergency room of the ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ university oriental hospital from January 2011 to December 2013. Results 1. It has showed that between 7 to 12 years old patients (27.8%) were the most common age populations. 2. The number of pediatric patients was increased during February. According to the weekly distribution data, the number of pediatric patients who had visited on Sunday was the highest (28.7%). Also, the number of pediatric patients who had visited the ER between 21 to 24 hours (29.0%) was the highest. 3. The two major reasons for inpatient hospitalization were digestive and nerve-related symptoms. Nerve-related symptoms were the most common in infants while digestive symptoms were the most common in other child development stages. 4. The duration of time interval from the onset of symptoms to the ER visit was most commonly within 6 hours (50.3%). An acupuncture and herbal medication treatment (70.1%) were the most common medical treatments. The majority of the pediatric patients (95.5%) were discharged after their medical treatments. Conclusions A serious acute illness was not the most common reason for the ER visit among the pediatric patients. The most common disease states that have preferred to be treated with the oriental medicine were dyspepsia, crying, facial palsy, and ankle sprain. We have to introduce the excellence of the oriental medicine. We also need to try developing other treatments such as magnetic acupuncture, aromatherapy, and revitalizing pediatric emergency care at the oriental medical hospital.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.545-549
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• 2013

A 12-year-old spayed female mixed-bred dog presented with nasal bleeding of 2 days duration and a skin nodule in the left flank. No abnormalities were found in coagulation profiles and blood pressure. Cytological evaluation of the nodule revealed numerous characteristic round organisms having a nucleus and a bar within macrophages and in the background, consistent with leishmaniasis. In vitro culture was unsuccessful but PCR of the nodular aspirate identified the organisms as Leishmania infantum, and the final diagnosis was canine leishmaniasis. No history of travel to endemic countries was noted. Because the dog had received a blood transfusion 2 years before the illness, serological screening tests were performed in all donor dogs of the commercial blood bank using the commercial Leishmania ELISA test kit, and there were no positive results. Additional 113 dogs with hyperglobulinemia from Seoul were also screened with the same kits but no positive results were obtained. To the best of the author's knowledge this is the first autochthonous case of canine leishmaniasis in Korea.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.321-328
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• 2018

Purpose: Feeding children is a problem in pediatric intensive care units (PICU) and it is difficult to know the correct amount. The purpose of this study is to evaluate if prealbumin or retinol binding proteins (RBP) are effective relative to daily enteral nutrition, without being affected by severity of diseases or infections and can be used to follow up nutritional amount. Methods: This is a prospective observational study that includes 81 patients admitted to PICU in Akdeniz University with estimated duration >72 hours, age between 1 month and 8 years. Daily calorie and protein intake were calculated and prealbumin, RBP and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured on the first, third, fifth and seventh mornings. Results: We find moderate correlation between daily calorie intake and prealbumin levels (r=0.432, p<0.001), RBP levels and daily protein intake (r=0.330, p<0.001). When we investigated the relationship between changes of prealbumin, RBP, CRP, calorie and protein intake during intensive care stay, we found that increase of Prealbumin and RBP levels are explained by decrease of CRP levels (r=-0.546 and -0.645, p<0.001) and not with increase of nourishment. Conclusion: Even adjusted for PRISM3, age and CRP, prealbumin and RBP are correlated with last 24 hours' diet. However, it is not convenient to use as a follow up biomarker because increase of their levels is related with decrease of CRP levels.