• 대한생식의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.59.2-60
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• 2004

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1995.10b
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• pp.229.2-229
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• 1995

No Abstract, See Full Text

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2010

Objectives : It was investigated new herbal prescription HT005 supported by traditional Korean medicine has a activity on the longitudinal bone growth of rats. HT005 were consisted of the root of Angelica sinensis, the fruit of Alpinia oxyphylla, the root of Astragalus membranaceus, the stem of Eleutherococcus senticosus, and the root of Dioscorea japonica, and Poria cocos. Method : To investigate the effect on longitudinal bone growth in adolescent male Sprague-Dawley rats, the longitudinal length of growth plate was measured directly by the tetracycline fluorescent labeling method and chondrocyte staining method. HT005 administered orally for four days, and the tetracycline was injected twice on the growth plate of the animals for fluorescent dying. The rate of longitudinal bone growth was measured the length between the tetracycline bands which fixed on the 3rd day and 5th day after injection. Cresyl violet was also used to stain the chondrocytes in the growth plate. The length of growth plate after administration was compared. Expression of IGF-1 and BMP-2 in the growth plate was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Results : HT005 showed a significant longitudinal bone growth which was $301.0{\pm}6.1\;{\mu}m/day$ at the dose of 100 mg/kg and $283.8{\pm}1.25\;{\mu}m/day$ (p < 0.001)at the dose of 10 mg/kg of HT005, compared to control group by the tetracycline fluorescent labeling method. HT005 showed a significant chondrocyte length on growth plate which was measured $797.19{\pm}3.31\;{\mu}m$ (p < 0.001) at the dose of 100 mg/kg and $720.14{\pm}2.19$ (p < 0.001) ${\mu}m$ at the dose of 10 mg/kg compared to the control group by cresyl-violet staining method. Both the number and intensity of BMP-2 and IGF-1 positive cells were increased in the hypertrophic zone of growth plate. There was a significant correlation between BMP-2 and IGF-1 expression and heights of chondrocytes in growth plate. Conclusions : Treatment of HT005 on Sprague-Dawley rats markedly increased the longitudinal bone growth. Therefore, HT005 may be an alternative herbal source to growth hormone as it promotes bone growth in children afflicted by growth retardation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.63-76
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• 1996

The aim of present study was to characterize phosphate uptake and to investigate the mechanism for the insulin and insulin-like growth factor(IGF) stimulation of phosphate uptake in primary cultured rabbit renal proximal tubule cells. Results were as follows : 1. The primary cultured proximal tubule cells had accumulated $6.68{\pm}0.70$ nmole phosphate/mg protein in the presence of 140 mM NaCl and $2.07{\pm}0.17$ nmole phosphate/mg protein in the presence of 140 mM KCl during a 60 minute uptake period. Raising the concentration of extracellular phosphate to 100 mM$(48.33{\pm}1.76\;pmole/mg\;protein/min)$ induced decrease in phosphate uptake compared with that in control cells maintained in 1 mM phosphate$(190.66{\pm}13.01\;pmole/mg\;protein/min)$. Optimal phosphate uptake was observed at pH 6.5 in the presence of 140 mM NaCl. Phosphate uptake at pH 7.2 and pH 7.9 decreased to $83.06{\pm}5.75%\;and\;74.61{\pm}3.29%$ of that of pH 6.5, respectively. 2. Phosphate uptake was inhibited by iodoacetic acid(IAA) or valinomycin treatment $(62.41{\pm}4.40%\;and\;12.80{\pm}1.64%\;of\;that\;of\;control,\;respectively)$. When IAA and valinomycin were added together, phosphate uptake was inhibited to $8.04{\pm}0.61%$ of that of control. Phosphate uptake by the primary proximal tubule cells was significantly reduced by ouabain treatment$(80.27{\pm}6.96%\;of\;that\;of\;control)$. Inhibition of protein and/or RNA synthesis by either cycloheximide or actinomycin D markedly attenuated phosphate uptake. 3. Extracellular CAMP and phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate(PMA) decreased phosphate uptake in a dose-dependent manner in all experimental conditions. Treatment of cells with pertussis toxin or cholera toxin inhibited phosphate uptake. cAMP concentration between $10^{-6}\;M\;and\;10^{-4}\;M$ significantly inhibited phosphate uptake. Phosphate uptake was blocked to about 25% of that of control at 100 ng/ml PMA. 3-Isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine(IBMX) inhibited phosphate uptake. However, in the presence of IBMX, the inhibitory effect of exogenous cAMP was not significantly potentiated. Forskolin decreased phosphate transport. Acetylsalicylic acid did not inhibit phosphate uptake. The 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycorol(DAG) and 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn- glycerol(OAG) showed a inhibitory effect. However, staurosporine had no effect on phosphate uptake. When PMA and staurosporine were treated together, inhibition of phosphate uptake was not observed. In conclusion, phosphate uptake is stimulated by high sodium and low phosphate and pH 6.5 in the culture medium. Membrane potential and intracellular energy levels are also an important factor fer phosphate transport. Insulin and IGF-I stimulate phosphate uptake through a mechanisms that involve do novo protein and/or RNA synthesis and decrease of intracellular cAMP level. Also protein kinase C(PKC) is may play a regulatory role in transducing the insulin and IGF-I signal for phosphate transport in primary cultured proximal tubule cells.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.122-129
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• 2004

NDM hair tonic is composed of several plant extracts which are known to be used in oriental medicine. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of NDM hair tonic on hair regrowth in an alopecia model of C57BL6 mice. Hair of six-weeks old mice were trimmed by electric clippers and electric shavers, so as not to damage the skin. The next day, mice without visible scraches were selected, randomized and separated in groups of 6 mice. There were four experimental groups including saline (negative control), 50% ethanol (vehicle control), 3% minoxidil (MXD), and NDM tonic. The test compounds were topically treated with 0.15 $m\ell$ per mouse per day for 2 weeks. The hair regrowth was determined photographically and histologically and the quantity of endocrine factors, IGF-1 and TGF-$\beta$, in the skin of mice was measured by PCR. No clinical signs were found in all animals. The topical treatment of NDM tonic for 2 weeks to dorsal skin accelerated hair regrowth faster than either the controls or MXD treatment. The NDM tonic treatment also promoted hair follicle development and elongation as compared with the controls or MXD treatment. Both NDM tonic and MXD treatment significantly increased the expression of IGF-1 and TGF-$\beta$ in the skin of C57BL6 mice as compared with the controls (p<0.05). These results suggest that NDM tonic has a hair growth activity and be useful for the treatment of baldness or alopecia.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.19-24
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• 2015

Objectives : The experiment was performed to investigate promotive effects of haeae-tang (HET) extract, a traditional Korean medicinal recipe, on hair growth, protein and gene expression in hair-removed C57BL/6. Methods : In experiment, animals were divided into 3 groups including normal (vehicle), HET ethanol extract and 5% minoxidil-treated groups (Minoxidil, positive control). The vehicle or testing samples were daily treated with 0.2ml per on hair-shaved dorsal skin of C57BL/6mice for 15 days. Effects of testing samples on hair growth was monitored through phototrichogram analysis by folliscope on the initial, $5^{th}$, $10^{th}$, $15^{th}$ day, respectively. Also, gene and protein expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), relevant to hair growth, were examined. Results : Hair density and hair thickness of Minoxidil treated-group was significantly increased compared to that of vehicle application on the $15^{th}$day, respectively. Dorsal hair density of HET treated-group was significantly increased compared to that of vehicle application on the $15^{th}$day. In addition, the Minoxidil group significantly increased the expression of cutaneous IGF-1 protein and mRNA compared to that of the vehicle-applied group on the $15^{th}$ day. And HET-treated group significantly increased the expression of dorsal VEGF protein compared to that of the vehicle-applied group on the $15^{th}$ day. Conclusions : These results suggest that this Korean medicinal recipe, HET has promoting activity on hair growth in an Alopecia animal model thus it can be used as a material of agent or products for improvement or prevention of alopecia.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2000

It is difficult to treat the endodontic apical perforation successfully. In this study, we hypothesized that the application of PDGF-BB and IGF-I into periapical perforation site may accelerate periapical healing and lead to bone deposition. And the specificity of osteonectin in periapical healing was investigated. The experiments were performed on the upper and lower 51 premolar teeth of 4 beagle dogs. The pulp chamber of each tooth was opened and the dental plaque was inserted into the canal for developing the periapical lesion for 5 weeks. Then, the roots were artificially perforated at the apex with the number 4 profile of .06 taper. In each step, standard periapical radiographs were taken to compare the size of lesion each other. The radiographs were scanned and analyzed by image analysis system. The mean and standard deviation of periradicular radiolucency ratios were calculated in each group. ANOVA was used for comparison. 51 premolars were grouped into 3 groups; control group, calcium hydroxide-treated group and calcium hydroxide plus growth factors-treated group. In the control group, the apical perforations were not sealed and obturated with gutta-percha and ZOE sealer by lateral condensation technique. In the experimental groups, the apical perforation were sealed with calcium hydroxide and with/without $4{\mu}g$ of PDGF-BB & IGF-I in cellulose gel and obturated by lateral condensation technique. Fluorescent bone markers were used to measure new bone formation. Following 2, 4, 12 weeks after experiment the dogs were sacrificed and histologic sections were prepared. Each tooth block including periapical lesion was sectioned mesiodistally. One half of the sections were decalcified with 6% nitric acid and processed by standard paraffin embedding technique. The sections were stained by hematoxylin and eosin, and immunostained for osteonectin. Histomorphometrical measurement of neoformed bone was performed using a light microscope. And the other half of the sections were prepared by undecalcified preparation, and confocal laser scanning microscopic investigations were done.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.31-38
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study were to overview the effect of exercise on neural plasticity and the proteins related to neural plasticity. Results: Exercise increased levels of BDNF(brain-derived neurotrophic factor), Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), Synapsin, Synaptophysin, VEGF(vascular endothelial growth factor) and other growth factors, stimulate neurogenesis, increase resistance to brain insult and improve learning and mental performance. These proteins improved synaptic plasticity by directly affecting synaptic structure and potentiating synaptic strength, and by strengthening the underlying systems that support plasticity including neurogenesis, metabolism and vascular function. Conclusion: Exercise-induced structural and functional change by these proteins can effect on functional movement, cognition in healthy and brain injured people and animals.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2009

Growth retardation is a common consequenc of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in childhood. Many recent clinical and experimental data indicate that growth failure in CKD is mainly due to a relative GH insensitivity and functional IGF-I deficiency. Glucocorticoids also glucocorticoids interfere with the integrity of the somatotropic hormone axis at various levels. Over the past 10 years, recombinant growth hormone (rhGH) has been used to help short children with chronic kidney disease. A GH dosage of 0.35 mg/kg/week (28 IU/$m^2$/week) appears efficient and safe. Some clinical trial data show that final height will be within the normal target height range when GH treatment is continued for many years without remarkable adverse events.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2014

NOG1 is a nucleolar GTPase that is critical for 60S ribosome biogenesis. Recently, NOG1 was identified as one of the downstream regulators of target of rapamycin (TOR) in yeast. It is reported that TOR is involved in regulating lifespan and fat storage in Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we show that the nog1 ortholog (T07A9.9: nog-1) in C. elegans regulates growth, development, lifespan, and fat metabolism. A green fluorescence protein (GFP) promoter assay revealed ubiquitous expression of C. elegans nog-1 from the early embryonic to the adult stage. Furthermore, the GFP-tagged NOG-1 protein is localized to the nucleus, whereas the aberrant NOG-1 protein is concentrated in the nucleolus. Functional studies of NOG-1 in C. elegans further revealed that nog-1 knockdown resulted in smaller broodsize, slower growth, increased life span, and more fat storage. Moreover, nog-1 over-expression resulted in decreased life span. Taken together, our data suggest that nog-1 in C. elegans may be an important player in regulating life span and fat storage via the insulin/IGF pathway.