• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.255-262
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• 1996

The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) yields were measured in Rhodobacter capsulatus under several conditions by the ELISA method. The purification of LPS was done by affinity chromatography of IgG coupled CNBr-activated sepharose-4B instead of ultra-centrifugation. The purity of the LPS didn't show much difference between affinity chromatography and ultra-centrifugation method, but affinity chromatography method required much fewer organisms and was more convenient. LPS yield was measured in ng units by the ELISA method. Mannitol was a better single carbon source than other sugars, but mixing two carbon sources resulted in greater LPS yields than any sugar alone. LPS yield was directly proportional to $NH_ 4CI$ concentration, with optimum yields at 0.05% nitrogen. In contrest to LPS yields, which decreased at 0.005% nitrogen concentration total protein was increased 16 times. Calcium influenced LPS yields. At 0.7 mM $CaCI_ 2$, the LPS yield was 16.5 $\mu$g/mg DW, five times the yield without calcium.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.223-229
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• 2013

Because colostrum is considered to be the sole source of passively acquired maternal antibodies for calves, newborn calves must consume colostrum to gain disease resistance during their early years of life. Storage of surplus colostrum from dairy cows right after calving and feeding newborn calves in deficiency of colostrum to assure adequate uptake of IgG for protection of the calf has been a common practice in the bovine production. In the current study, 35 colostrums were randomly collected from 3 colostrum banks located in different regions of Korea and monitored for general bacterial contamination and major bovine pathogens. Immunoglobulin concentrations and BVDV-specific antibodies were also determined to evaluate the immune quality of the colostrums. Moderate to severe bacterial contamination (up to 72,000,000 CFU/ml) was observed in most of the colostrums collected from colostrum banks. General immune quality of the colostrums was under the satisfactory level since most of the colostrums contained less than 50 g/L of IgG, which is the minimum concentration for good quality colostrums. Therefore, colostrum for colostrum bank should be collected at the first 2-3 post-partum milkings according to proper harvesting and handling procedures to guarantee the safety and quality of colostrum. In addition, it was recommended that colostrum should be heat-treated before frozen and stored in the bank because pasteurization at $63^{\circ}C$ for 30 min was very effective reducing the risk of disease transmission without causing significant degradation of immunoglobulins.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1439-1444
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• 2012

A total of 144 pigs ((Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire)${\times}$Duroc)] with an average initial BW of $8.45{\pm}0.57$ kg were used in a 5-wk growth trial. Pigs were randomly allocated to 4 treatments with 9 replications per pen in a randomized complex block design. Dietary treatments included: i) CON (basal diet), ii) ANT (CON+tylosin 1 g/kg), iii) H1 (CON+H. cordata 1 g/kg) and iv) T1 (CON+T. officinale 1 g/kg). In this study, pigs fed the ANT and T1 treatment had a higher (p<0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and gain:feed (G:F) ratio than those fed CON and H1 treatment. Dietary ANT and T1 treatment led to a higher energy digestibility than the CON group. No difference (p>0.05) was observed on the growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility with H1 supplementation compared with the CON treatment. The inclusion of ANT treatment led to a higher (p<0.05) lymphocyte concentration compared with the CON treatment. Dietary supplementation of herbs did not affect (p>0.05) the blood characteristics (white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), IgG, lymphocyte). No difference was observed on (p<0.05) fecal microbial shedding (E. coli and lactobacillus) between ANT and CON groups. Treatments H1 and T1 reduced the fecal E. coli concentration compared with the CON treatment, whereas the fecal lactobacillus concentration was not affected by the herb supplementation (p>0.05). In conclusion, the inclusion of T. officinale (1 g/kg) increased growth performance, feed efficiency, energy digestibility similarly to the antibiotic treatment. Dietary supplementation of T. officinale and H. cordata (1 g/kg) reduced the fecal E. coli concentration in weaning pigs.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.82-88
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• 2000

We investigated the effect of aqueous extract of Cichorium intybus (CIAE) on mast cell-mediated immediate type allergic reactions. CIAE dose-dependently inhibited systemic anaphylactic reaction induced by compound 48/80 in mice. Especially, CIAE inhibited compound 48/80-induced anaphylactic reaction 100% with the dose of 1000 mg/kg. CIAE 1000 mg/kg also significantly inhibited local anaphylactic reaction activated by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE. When mice were pretreated with CIAE at a concentration ranging from 0.1 to 1000 mg/kg, the plasma histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. CIAE (1 to 1000 g/ml) dose-dependently inhibited histamine release from the rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) activated by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. These results indicate that CIAE inhibits mast cell-mediated immediate-type allergic reactions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.1975-1979
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• 2011

The modification of a gas diffusion layer (GDL), a vital component in polymer electrolyte fuel cells, is described here for use in the electrochemical detection of antibody-antigen biosensors. Compared to other substrates (gold foil and graphite), mouse anti-rHBsAg monoclonal antibody immobilized on gold-coated GDL (G-GDL) detected analytes of goat anti-mouse IgG antibody-ALP using a relatively low potential (-0.0021 V vs. Ag/AgCl 3 M NaCl), indicating that undesired by-reactions during electrochemical sensing should be avoided with G-GDL. The dependency of the signal against the concentration of analytes was observed, demonstrating the possibility of quantitative electrochemical biosensors based on G-GDL substrates. When a sandwich method was employed, target antigens of rHBsAg with a concentration as low as 500 ng/mL were clearly measured. The detection limit of rHBsAg was significantly improved to 10 ng/mL when higher concentrations of the 4-aminophenylphosphate monosodium salt (APP) acting on substrates were used for generating a redox-active product. Additionally, it was shown that a BSA blocking layer was essential in improving the detection limit in the G-GDL biosensor.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.239-244
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• 2002

Okbyungpoongsan-Gami (OG) has been used for the treatment of excessive sweating with general weakness and allergic rhinitis recently. Anal therapy is another way of taking Oriental medicine. It is an important pathway but not available in common clinical situation. This experiment was performed in order to study the inhibitory effect of immediate-type allergic reaction of OG by anal therapy. In addition, the experiment was practised by 1 H-NMR spectroscopy to examine molecular structure of OG. The results were obtained as follows : OG concentration-dependently inhibited compound 48/80- induced immediate type systemic allergic reaction with concentrations of 0.01-1.0g/kg by anal administration 1 h before injection of compound 48/80. OG also concentration-dependently inhibited compound 48/80- induced ear swelling response with concentrations of 0.01-1g/kg by anal administration 1h before injection of compound 48/80. OG also inhibited the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis activated by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE antibody concentration- dependently at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1g/kg. When OG was pretreated at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1g/ℓ, the histamine release from the rat peritoneal mast cells induced by compound 48/80 was reduced in a concentration-dependent manner. OG (0.1-1g/ℓ) had a significant inhibitory effect on histamine release from IgE-induced activated mast cells. OG is seen to be a biochemical compound certainly by 1 H-NMR spectroscopy According to above results, anal therapy of OG may be beneficial in the treatment of systemic and local immediate-type allergic reactions by inhibition of histamine release from mast cells.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.139-144
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• 2000

Automatic addition of glucose and ammonium to an alcohol distille깨 wastewater and the control of them at low $\infty$ncentration were tried to efficiently increase the cell concentration of a baker's yeast c비tivated in that wastewater. Added g glucose was indirectly controlled to less than 116 mg/L by a method which used DO as control parameter. Ammonium was a automatically measured and controlled within the range of 7.0~27.7 mM by a homemade on-line system which adopted FIA a as measurement method. Maximum specific growth rate and biomass yield to glucose were $0.21 hr^{-1}$ and about 0.78 g/g, w which were significantly increased values in contrast to those of an experiment without ammonium control. Biomass yield to a ammonium was 11.3 gIg. Cell cone엉ntration could be increased from 2.6 g/L to 18.5 g/L by the add ion of glucose and a ammonium.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.729-735
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• 2003

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of iron supplement for 4 weeks on iron status, immunity, and antioxidant status of national female soccer players (n = 25). This study was performed at summer hard training period right before competition. A single blind design was used to divide the subjects into iron-supplement (IS) or placebo group (P). Iron-supplement group was supplemented with iron (40 mg/d) for 4 weeks. The mean age of the subjects was 23.3 $\pm$ 2.5 years old. Mean height and body weight of the subjects were 164.4 $\pm$ 5.7 em and 57.4 $\pm$ 4.6 kg, respectively. The mean carrier as soccer player was 11.0 $\pm$ 2.6 years and mean training time was 7.0 $\pm$ 1.3 hr/day. The mean hemoglobin, hematocrit, total iron binding capacity and ferritin concentrations before iron supplementation were not different between two groups. After 4 weeks of summer training and iron supplementation, serum ferritin level was significantly increased only in IS group after supplementation. Mean corpuscular volume and total iron binding capacity were significantly decreased in both groups. Meanwhile, hemoglobin and red blood cell count were significantly lowered only in placebo group. The IgM concentration increased significantly in both groups, but IgG concentration had increasing tendency only in IS group (p < 0.064). Therefore, iron supplementation during hard training period may be helpful to improve work capacity of the athletes by improving ferritin status and humoral immune responses.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.186-193
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• 2020

Objective: The effectiveness of Staphylococcus protein A (SPA) in improving the penetration ability of sperm and reducing antisperm antibody (ASA) titers in immunologically infertile males was evaluated. Methods: Seminal fluid samples were obtained from 15 infertile men, and ASA titers were assessed with the latex agglutination test. Identification of immunoglobulin (Ig) classes and characterization of the antigens involved in the immune response were performed using indirect immunofluorescence. Local ASAs typically present as a mixture of IgG and IgA classes. The capillary tube penetration method was used to assess the capability of spermatozoa to penetrate the cervical mucus (CM). Results: ASAs associated with the neck region of sperm showed a significantly lower migration distance in the CM of infertile females than ASAs associated with the head or tail segments. ASA-positive seminal fluid exhibited significant increases in the mean migration distance (2.6 ± 1.4 cm vs. 1.54 ± 1.1 cm, respectively; p< 0.001) and sperm concentration (174 ± 121.0 × 10³/mL vs. 101 ± 93.7 × 10³/mL, respectively; p= 0.033) after treatment with SPA compared to pre-treated samples. A significant reduction (p< 0.01) in the recorded ASA titer was detected. Conclusion: These results indicate that SPA can be used as a sorting regimen for insemination programs. However, further studies are warranted to assess its influence on pregnancy rate.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.10-23
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• 2012

Objectives: Gagamyanggyeoksan (G-YGS) has been used to suppress allergic reaction, however, the cellular target of G-YGS and its mode of action remain unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of extracted G-YGS on the PMA and lonomycin (PI)-induced activation of RBL-2H3. Methods: For this investigation, We examined IL-4, IL-13 mRNA expression by Real-Time PCR, IL-4, IL-13 production by ELISA analysis and manifestations of GATA-1, GATA-2, NF-AT1, NF-AT2, AP-1 and NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 transcription factors by western blotting, OVA-specific IgE, IL-4, IL-13 by mouse be sensitive to OVA. Results: Here we showed that treatment of RBL-2H3 mast cells with G-YGS, suppressed PI-induced production of Th2 cytokines including IL-4 and IL-13 in a dose dependent manner. The mRNA expression of IL-4 were completely abolished by G-YGS at the concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$. Data from a stable cell lines consistently expressing IL-4. And the mRNA expression of IL-13 were abolished by G-YGS at the $200{\mu}g/ml$. But there is no difference between the $50{\mu}g/ml$, the $100{\mu}g/ml$ and the comparison. Results from the western blot analysis of transcription factors involving IL-4 and IL-13 expression indicated that it prominently decreased the expression of mast cell specific transcricption factors including GATA-1, GATA-2, NF-AT2, c-Jun, NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 but not c-Fos. And G-YGS suppressed IgE, IL-4, IL-13 in mouse be sensitive to OVA. Conclusions We suggested the anti-allergic activities of G-YGS might be mediated by down-regulation of Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13 through the regulation of transcription factors as GATA-1, GATA-2, NF-AT2, c-Jun, NF-${\kappa}B$ p65.