• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.229-235
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• 2017

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary onion (Allium cepa) extract (OE) supplementation on growth performance, apparent total tract retention (ATTR), blood profile, carcass characteristics and meat quality in broilers. Methods: Four hundred male broiler chicks (Ross 308, 3-d old) were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments for 28 d feeding trial. Each treatment has five replications with 20 birds each. Four dietary treatments were designated according to the OE supplementation levels (0 as control, 5, 7.5, and 10 g of OE per kg of basal diet respectively). On d 28, a total of 20 birds from each treatment were subjected for ATTR, serum biochemical assay, carcass characteristic and organ weight measurement. Results: Overall weight gain of OE 7.5 g/kg group was higher (p = 0.04) than control group. The ATTRs of dietary energy (p<0.01) and ether extract (p = 0.04) linearly increased with increasing levels of dietary OE. However, no difference in ATTR of dry matter and crude protein was evident. Furthermore, serum IgG concentration increased linearly (p<0.01) and quadratically (p = 0.03) with increasing OE supplementation. No differences in carcass dressing weight and amount of abdominal fat by treatments were observed. Also, the weight of organ including immune organ was not different among the treatments. The TBARS values of 10 d stored breast meat decreased linearly (p<0.01) and quadratically (p<0.01) with increasing dietary OE levels. The meat color was also affected, with lower (p<0.01) redness score in meats from OE supplemented groups. This study showed that dietary OE improved broiler weight gain presumably by increasing feed intake and ATTR of both energy and ether extract. The dietary OE increased serum IgG level and meat anti-oxidation capacity. Conclusion: This study implies that the recommended level of dietary OE supplementation could be beneficial for improving broiler performance and meat quality.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.1498-1504
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• 2005

Competitive direct ELISA was developed to detect gentamicin residues. Mice immunized with gentamicin-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) conjugate developed good antiserum titers, which gradually increased with booster injections, indicating immunization was successfully processed. Monoclonal antibody against gentamicin was prepared using hybridoma cells cloned by limit dilution of fused cells. IgG was purified from ascites fluid of hybridoma cell-injected mice through ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sephadex G-25 gel filtration. After the gel filtration, fractions of high antibody titer were further purified through affinity chromatography on protein A/G column. Monoclonal antibody against gentamicin was confirmed as IgG1, which has kappa light chain. Cross-reactivities ($CR_{50}$) of gentamicin monoclonal antibody to other aminoglycosides (kanamycin, neomycin, and streptomycin) were less than 0.005%, indicating the monoclonal antibody was highly specific for gentamicin. Standard curve constructed through competitive direct ELISA showed measurement range (from 80 to 20% of B/$B_0$ ratio) of gentamicin was between 1 and 40 ng/ml, and 50% of B/$B_0$ ratio was about 4 ng/ml. The gentamicin concentration rapidly increased to 1,300 ng/ml after the intramuscular administration up to 2 h, then sharply decreased to less than 300 ng/ml after 4 h of withdrawal, during which the elimination half-life ($t_{1/2}$) of gentamicin in the rabbit plasma was estimated to be 1.8 h. Competitive direct ELISA method developed in this study using the prepared monoclonal antibody is highly sensitive for gentamicin, and could be useful for detecting gentamicin residues in plasma of live animals.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.221-228
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• 2014

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Codonopsis pilosula extract powder (CEP) on the reproductive performance in sows. A total of 20 pregnant sows were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments, which was given a corn and soybean meal-based diets containing 0 or 5 g/kg of the CEP from 40 days prepartum to weaning (25 days postpartum). The serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration of sow (p<0.01) and piglets (p<0.05) was significantly increased by the feeding of CEP. And we also demonstrated that the coefficient of correlation between the colostrum and serum indicates a significant positive correlation on IgG. The stillbirth of sows and mortality rate during suckling periods were slightly lower in CEP feeding group than control, but there is no significant difference. In conclusion, our results suggest that the dietary supplementation of CEP increases the humoral immunity in both of sows and piglets, and it might contribute to improve the reproductive performance of sows. Further, additory studies are necessary on the immunomodulatory mechanism of CEP components.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.371-377
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• 1996

In previous studies we reported that the levels of RBC, hemoglobulin (HGB) and hematocrit (HCT) in SAM P6 were increased significantly from 7 day after oral administration of the pilose antler extract, 5 g/kg/day, and were lasted during the study. Thus, this study was performed to elucidate mechanism of erythropoietic action by the extract administration. SAM R1 and SAM P6 were chosen as experimental animals. At age of 12 weeks, pilose antler extract were given 0.3 and 5 g/kg/day (p.o.) each for 0, 7 and 14 days in both animals. Complete blood cells such as RBC, HGB, and HCT were counted. And plasma concentration of erythropoietin (EPO) which is the major regulator of erythropoiesis was measured using $^{125}I-antierythropoietin$ IgG. Total iron concentration in plasma was also analyzed. The levels of RBC and HCT were increased significantly after administration at both doses of 0.3 and 5 g/kg/day in SAM P6, however, these were increased only at dose of 5 g/kg/day in SAM R1. The plasma EPO concentration was increased significantly after administration in SAM P6. The plasma concentrations of total iron were significantly decreased after administration of the extract in SAM P6. These results suggest that the changes in erythropoietic effects after the administration of pilose antler extract may be mediated, at least in part, through the change in the plasma EPO.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.122-132
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• 1994

Bacteriostatic activity of secretory immumoglobulin A (SIgA) in human and bovine colostrums on enterotoxigenic type Salmonella was tested in the tissue culture medium. SIgA was used in $0.1{\sim}5.0mg/m{\ell}$ concentration with or without the addition of egg lysozyme tested for theirs bacteriostatic activites. 1. Bovine SIgA rich fraction with a large amount of $IgG_1$-dimer could be prepared from bovine colostrum of Holstein cows by anion exchange chromatography using DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 and Sepharose 6B. 2. Human SIgA appeared to be the most bacteriostatic effect for all varieties of Salmonella in a range of $0.5{\sim}1.0mg/m{\ell}$ Bovine SIgA showed a marked bacteriostatic effect increased by increasing the concentration. Bovine IgG had not show bacteriostatic effect against both enterotoxigenic type Salmonella. Egg lysozyme as well as bovine SIgA also showed a marked bacteriostatic effect increased by increasing the concentration. 3. When the growth inhibition of human SIgA was tested by adding egg lysozyme with time interval, egg lysozyme showed bacteriostatic effect as compared with control. But human SIgA and adding with lysozyme showed slight the bacteriostatic effect. 4. When the growth inhibition of bovine SIgA was tested by adding egg lysozyme with time interval, all treatment against S. enteritidis showed bacteriostatic effect as compared with control In the case of S. typhinwrium, egg lysozyme showed a marked bacteriostatic effect as compared with control.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.217-230
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• 2007

Objectives : Ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease has been recognized as Ha-ri (下痢) or Jang-Byok in Korean oriental medicine. A purpose of the present study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of moxi-tar herbal acupuncture at LI4 (HapGok) on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) induced colitis in rats and further elucidate the possibility of herbal acupuncture on ulcerative colitis which is chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing $170{\sim}190$ g, were subjected to intrarectal injection of either saline (300 ${\mu}l$, 500 ${\mu}l$) for a control or 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) (300 ${\mu}l$, 500 ${\mu}l$) for a colitis, Moxi-tar (20 mg/ml) were subcutaneously injected to the LI4 just after the secondary injection time of TNBS in rats. To study the effects of Moxi-tar acupuncture in LI4, body weight, RBC count, WBC count, total protein, Paw edema rate, rate of protein leakage into CMC-pouch fluid, IgG levels and IgM levels were observed. Results: Moxi-tar acupuncture in LI4 on TNBS-induced colitis inhibited the body weight lose rate but not effect RBC, WBC count. In addition, it inhibited the reduction of total protein concentration, paw edema, rate of protein leakage into CMC-pouch fluid, IgG levels and IgM levels. Conclusions : It is suggested that moxi-tar herbal acupuncture at LI4 helps to recover TNBS-induced colitis and plays an important role for an treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.367-373
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• 2010

The present study was to investigate anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activity of Perillae semen in RBL-2H3 basophilic leukemia cells. Inhibitory effect of Perillae semen onto free radical generation was determined by measuring DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities in vitro. Anti-inflammatory actions of Perillae semen extracts (100, 250, $500\;{\mu}g/mL$) were assessed by testing their effects on the degranulation of mast cells. For this, $\beta$-hexosaminidase released from RBL-2H3 cells was used and proinflammatory cytokines were measured by an ELISA kit. Our results indicated that Perillae semen water extracts effectively inhibited free radical generation. At the concentration of $500\;{\mu}g/mL$ of water extract, the degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells were inhibited by 42.1%. The IgE-antigen complex increased the accumulation of IL-4 and TNF-$\alpha$ secretion in RBL-2H3 cells and treatments with 250 and $500\;{\mu}g/mL$ of Perillae semen extracts suppressed the IgE induced secretion of IL-4 and TNF-$\alpha$ protein by 20.5, 26.9% and 14.5, 16.5% respectively. We observed that Perillae semen water extract reduced $\beta$-hexosaminidase, IL-4, and TNF-$\alpha$ secretion in RBL-2H3 cells. These results provide that Perillae semen may be beneficial in the treatment of allergic inflammatory disease.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.1373-1380
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• 2002

Purpose : Acute measles encephalitis(ME) is characterized by an abrupt onset of fever and obtundation, frequently accompanied by seizures and multifocal neurological signs. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical manifestation, progression and the brain SPECT patterns in patients with acute ME. Methods : This study included 11 children with acute ME admitted to Chonbuk National University Hospital. Ten patients received a first dose of measles vaccine, one patient did not receive a first dose, and no patients received a second dose. ME was diagnosed based on characteristic clinical pictures, measles antibodies by ELISA and abnormal CSF findings. Brain MRI and brain SPECT were performed in 11 patients with acute ME. Results : There were four males and seven females whose ages at onset ranged between 18 months and 14 years(mean : 10.5 years). The main clinical neurologic pictures were loss of consciousness( 10) and seizure(five). The titer of IgG and IgM antimeasles antibodies in serum were positive in 10 patients. In CSF, nine patients had IgG antibodies and one patient had IgM antibodies. The concentration of protein(mean : $124{\pm}60mg/dL$) and WBC counts(mean : $158{\pm}157/{\mu}L$) in CSF were elevated in all patients. In electroencephalographic examination, nine patients showed increased slow waves. Seven of 11 patients(63.6%) revealed high signal intensity on the brain MRI. In contrast, all patients showed hypoperfusion in brain SPECT examination. According to brain SPECT, the perfusion deficits were frequently observed in the frontal lobe(nine), temporal (nine), parietal(eight) and thalamus(eight). Conclusion : Brain SPECT is more sensitive than MRI for the evaluation of brain damage in early stages of acute ME.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.375-382
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary herbal plant mixture on growth performance, blood immunological parameters, fecal VFA and NH3-N concentrations in growing pigs. The dietary treatments were 1) NC (negative control; antibiotics-free diet), 2) PC (positive control; NC diet added 0.16% antibiotic), 3) NCK0.2 (NC diet added 0.2% herbal plant mixture (koppuul??)) and 4) PCK0.1 (PC diet added 0.1% herbal plant mixture (koppuul??)). Eighty crossbred (Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc) pigs (16.35±0.05kg average initial body weight) were used for 42 days. The pigs were assigned to the treatments according to body weight and each treatment had 5 replicates of 4 pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design. During the whole experimental period, PCK0.1 and PC treatments had significantly higher ADG than NC treatment (P<0.05). Gain/feed of pigs fed PC diet was higher than that of pigs fed NC diet (P<0.05). For blood immunological parameters investigations, white blood cells (WBC) counts and IgG level increased in the pigs fed PC, NCK0.2 and PCK0.1 diets compared to pigs fed NC diet. In addition, higher (P<0.05) serum lymphocyte concentration was found in PCK0.1 treatment compared to NC treatment. NH3-N concentration in pigs fed NCK0.2% diet was lower than that in pigs fed PC and NC diets. There were no significant differences in DM and N digestibilities among the treatments. In conclusion, the results suggested that the dietary additions of herbal plant mixture or antibiotics increase ADG, the concentrations of WBC counts and IgG, lymphocyte, while decrease NH3-N concentration in feces.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.183-190
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding diets supplemented with ${\beta}-glucan$ products on the performance, small intestinal microflora and immune response in laying hens. The ${\beta}-glucan$ products used in the experiment were $BetaPolo^{(R)}$ ; soluble ${\beta}-glucan$ of microbial cell wall origin, $HiGlu^{(R)}$ ; microbial cell wall origin, $OGlu^{(R)}$ ; oat origin, $BGlu^{(R)}$ ; barley origin. A total of 720 Hy-Line Brown laying hens of 40wks old were divided into 5 dietary treatments : T1 ; Control( C), T2 ; $BetaPolo^{(R)}$, T3 ; $HiGlu^{(R)}$, T4 ; $OGlu^{(R)}$, T5 ; $BGlu^{(R)}$. Each treatment was replicated 4 times with 36 birds/replicate housed in 2 bird cages, and arranged according to completely randomized block design. Feeding trial lasted 40ds under 16 h lighting regimens. There were significant differences among treatments in hen-house egg production feed intake and feed conversion. HiGlu treatment was significantly higher than OGlu treatments in hen-house egg production. ${\beta}-glucan$ supplemented treatments were lower than the control in feed intake and feed conversion ratio. All ${\beta}-glucan$ supplemented treatments were significantly higher than the control in eggshell strength. Eggshell color and Haugh unit tended to be lower in the supplemented group than the control. IgY concentration was not significantly affected by treatments. At $5^{th}$ week of experiment, however, IgY concentration tended to increase in the supplemented groups. Among the leucocytes parameters, WBC, heterophil, lymphocytes, monocyte and eosinophil concentration were lower in the supplemented groups than those of the control. Among erythrocytes, HCT(hematocrit) and MCV(mean corpuscular volume) were significantly affected by treatment. MCV of supplemented groups were higher than that of the control. Immunoglobulin concentrations in the birds were not significantly different among treatments. However, IgA concentration tended to be low in the supplemented groups than the control. The cfu of small intestinal microflora were not significantly different among treatments, but that of Cl. perfringens tended to be lower than the control. The result of this experiment indicateted that feeding ${\beta}-glucan$ to laying hens improve feed conversion ratio and eggshell strength. Also intestinal microflora and immune responses are modified.