• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.320-320
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• 2016

Nanocrystalline Carbon thin films have numerous applications in different areas such as mechanical, biotechnology and optoelectronic devices due to attractive properties like high excellent hardness, low friction coefficient, good chemical inertness, low surface roughness, non-toxic and biocompatibility. In this work, we studied the comparison of pure DC power and pulsed DC power in plasma sputtering process of carbon thin films synthesis. Using a close field unbalanced magnetron sputtering system, films were deposited on glass and Si wafer substrates by varying the power density and pulsed DC frequency variations. The plasma characteristics has been studied using the I-V discharge characteristics and optical emission spectroscopy. The films properties were studied using Raman spectroscopy, Hall effect measurement, contact angle measurement. Through the Raman results, ID/IG ratio was found to be increased by increasing either of DC power density and pulsed DC frequency. Film deposition rate, measured by Alpha step measurement, increased with increasing DC power density and decreased with pulsed DC frequency. The electrical resistivity results show that the resistivity increased with increasing DC power density and pulsed DC frequency. The film surface energy was estimated using the calculated values of contact angle of DI water and di-iodo-methane. Our results exhibit a tailoring of surface energies from 52.69 to $55.42mJ/m^2$ by controlling the plasma parameters.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.255-260
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• 2018

Chung-Sang (CS) is an experimental herbal remedy that is formulated to treat respiratory diseases implicated by inflammation. The herbs comprised of CS are frequently prescribed for treating various inflammatory symptoms: Menthae haplocalycis Herba, Magnoliae Flosis, Xanthii Fructus, Herba Asari, and Caryphylli Flos. Here, we prepared the extract of CS with boiling water (wCS) or with 50 % ethanol (eCS) and examined whether the two different extracts of CS exhibit a toxicity to cultured cells and mice. RAW 264.7 cells were treated with wCS or eCS, and the cytotoxicity of these extracts to RAW 264.7 cells was determined by an MTT assay. Although the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species that are detrimental to the cells was not increased by the extracts, the cytotoxicity to the cells was evident from 10 mg/ml of wCS and 100 mg/ml of eCS, suggesting that eCS is less cytotoxic. When mice (n = 10/group) received a single intratracheal wCS or eCS daily for 14 days, wCS yielded 40 % mortality, whereas eCS showed none. Both wCS and eCS did not significantly affect the weight of the body and of vital organs, except the lung. Biochemical analyses of mice blood indicated no damage to liver or kidney. However, unlike eCS, wCS significantly increased the level of IgE in serum. Collectively, our results show that eCS was less toxic than wCS, suggesting that CS prepared with 50 % ethanol is preferential over the conventional way of preparing CS.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.39-66
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Sesamum indicum extracted (SEI) on atopic dermatitis in an in-vitro and in-vivo experiment using a MC/9 murine mast cells and a NC/Nga mouse. Methods In-vitro experiment, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, TNF-${\alpha}$ and GM-CSF mRNA expression were evaluated by Real-time PCR, IL-13, MIP-$1{\alpha}$ production by ELISA and manifestations of NFAT-1, NFAT-2, c-jun, c-fos, NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 transcription factors by western blotting. In-vivo experiment, we measured WBC, Eosinophil, Neutrophil, and serum IL-5, IL-13 in NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse, IL-5, IL-13, IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-4 in the spleenocyte culture supernatant by ELISA, the absolute cell numbers of CD4+, CD8+, +Gr-1+CD11b, B220+CD23+ in the axillary lymph node (ALN), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and dorsal skin tissue, IL-5, IL-13 by Real-time PCR, the distribution of tissue inflammation and cellular infiltration by H&E and toluidine blue. Results SEI decreased IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, GM-CSF, TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA expression, IL-13, MIP-$1{\alpha}$ production and the expression of transcription factors including NFAT-1, c-jun, NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 in MC/9 murine mast cells. SEI orally administration decreased cell number of WBC, Eosinophil, the level of serum IgE, total cell number of ALN and dorsal skin tissue, absolute cell number of CD4+, CD8+, B220+CD23+ in the ALN. SEI orally administration also increased absolute cell number of CD8+/CD3+ and decreased Gr-1+/CD11b+ in PBMCs, decreased CD4+ in dorsal skin tissue, inhibited IL-5, IL-13 mRNA expression. Infiltration levels of inflammatory immune cells, mast cells and thickness of epidermis decreased in dorsal skin tissue. Conclusions SEI can regulate allergic inflammatory response suppressed the gene expression and production of cytokines that mediate allergic reactions, and will be able to be effectively utilized in the treatment of atopic dermatitis future.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.39-62
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• 2007

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the asthma-suppressive and immuno-regulatory effect of Lepidii Semen Herbal-acupu ncture(LS-HA) at $Joksanmi(ST_{36})$ on ovalbumin(OVA)-induced asthma in mice. Methods : C57BL/6 mice out of all the experimental groups, except the Normal group and the LS-HA group, were sensitized and challenged with OVA. The mice in the LS-HA group and the OVA-LS-HA group were treated with LS-HA(1%) at $Joksanmi(ST_{36})$. The mice in the OVA-Saline group were injected with saline at $Joksanmi(ST_{36})$. The mice in the OVA-Needle-Prick group were treated with a single prick with an injection needle at $Joksanmi(ST_{36})$. LS-HA, saline injection and needle prick were administered for 8 weeks, three times a week. Results : The lung weight and total cells in lung of the OVA-LS-HA group decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-Control group. Total leukocytes and eosinophils in BALF of the OVA-LS-HA group decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-Control group. The collagen accumulation in the lung sections of the OVA-LS-HA group decreased significantly compared with that of the OVA-control group. The concentrations of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IgE in BALF and serum of the OVA-LS-HA group decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-Control group. The numbers of $Gr-1^+/CD11b^+$, $CCR3^+$, $CD3e^+$, $CD19^+$, $CD3e^+/CD69^+$cells in the OVA-LS-HA group decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-Control group. The mRNA expressions of $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-5, IL-4 and IL-13 in lung of the OVA-LS-HA group decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-Control group. Conclusions: These results suggest that LS-HA at $Joksamni(ST_{36})$ is considered to be effective in treating asthma and to be put to practical use in the future asthma clinic.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.396-408
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• 2016

Objectives: The purposes of this study were to determine the relationship between the prevalence of allergic diseases and urinary cadmium concentration among children from six to 12 years of age, and to evaluate the association between cadmium in urine and other immunologically related factors in two elementary schools with different environmental conditions. Methods: Data on physician-diagnosed prevalence over the past 12 months and potential risk factors for allergic disease were collected from survey results drawn from 236 children living in different regions (central urban vs. suburban) from April to July in 2014 by an ISAAC questionnaire. We analyzed cytokine levels in serum through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and urinary cadmium concentration by use of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results: Concentrations of urinary cadmium in suburban and central urban children were $0.11{\pm}0.11ug/L$, $0.14{\pm}0.17ug/L$, respectively (p>0.05). Results from the analysis of the t-test and chi-square test showed that urinary cadmium levels were positively associated with environmental factors (paternal smoking status, passive smoking, traffic volume and experiences of outdoor odors) and individual genetic factors (parental allergic disease). Cadmium concentrations in urine were also positively associated with the prevalence of allergic disease and immune-related cytokines (eosinophils, IgE, IL-5, IL-33, IL-17). Conclusion: This study suggests that genetic factors (parental history of allergic diseases), environmental factors, and regional status (suburban and central urban) should be considered as probable factors increasing the concentration of urinary cadmium, which has the potential to influence the allergic disease prevalence of school-age children.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권9호
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• pp.1263-1269
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• 2010

상백피의 기능성식품 소재로서의 이용 가능성을 조사하기 위하여 상백피 물 추출물의 항산화 활성 및 in vitro에서의 항천식 효과를 확인하였다. 항산화 측정 결과는 총 페놀함량은 35.2 mg/g로 나타났으며, DPPH radical 소거능은 35.3~59.8%, hydroxyl radical 소거능은 62.1~78.8% 범위로 높은 항산화 효능을 나타내었다. DNP-IgE와 HSA로 활성화된 RBL-2H3 세포에서의 항천식 효과는 농도가 증가할수록 유의적으로 $\beta$-hexosaminidase를 감소시켰으며, 염증성 cytokine인 IL-4, TNF-$\alpha$ 사이토카인 분비량 또한 유의적(p<0.05)으로 감소시켰다. 결과적으로 상백피는 높은 항산화력을 가지며, 항천식과 관련된 지표들을 유의적으로 감소시킴으로써 천식 예방 및 개선을 위한 기능성 소재로서 이용가치가 높을 것으로 사료된다.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.561-572
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 SVC 비디오를 기반으로 DVB-S2 위성 방송 서비스를 제공할 때 필요한 효율적인 비디오 계층 분리형 PES 패킷화 및 처리 기법을 제안한다. SVC 부호화 기법은 기존의 MPEG-2, MPEG-4, H.264등과 같은 단일 계층 기반의 부호화 기법과는 달리 다수의 비디오 계층을 하나로 통합하여 단일 비트스트림으로 생성한다. 따라서, 기존의 H.264 기반의 DVB-S2 위성방송 서비스와 달리 SVC 비디오를 적용할 경우 다중의 비디오 계층을 효율적으로 분리하여 처리할 수 있는 패킷화 메커니즘이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 DVB-S2의 채널 부호화 기법인 LDPC(Low Density Parity Check) 와 SVC 부호화 기법이 결합적으로 적용되어 SVC 비디오의 계층 별로 차등화된 오류 보호 (UEP: unequal error protection)를 적용할 수 있도록 하기 위한 효율적인 PES 패킷화 및 처리 기법을 제안하고 계산량과 처리 지연시간 측면에서 제안된 기법의 효율성을 검증한다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.204-208
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• 1992

본 실험은 가공한 육제품에 첨가된 대두단백질(soy protein)을 정량하기 위한 면역분석(Immunoassay)법의 개발을 목적으로 실시하였다. Isolated soy protein(ISP)의 whole buffer extract(WBE) 분획을 SDS 처리 후 토끼에 주사하여 생산된 항혈청의 항체역가를 indirect ELISA법으로 조사하였을 시 1 : 10,000 이상에서도 반응을 나타내었다. 시료의 처리시 SDS의 최종농도가 0.03% 이상에서는 항원-항체 반응이 심각하게 저지되었으나, 0.02% 이하에서는 거의 영향을 미치지 않았다. 본 실험에 사용한 항체는 SDS로 변성된 항원(대두단백질)은 물론 SDS를 투석으로 제거한 재생항원(renatured antigen)과도 반응하였으나 그 정도는 변성항원에 비하여 약간 낮았다. 검정곡선(calibration curve)을 indirect competitive ELISA 법으로 작성하였을 시 ISP를 100 ng/100 ml까지 측정할 수 있는 감도(sensitivity)를 얻었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of fascioliasis in yaks, Bos grunniens, from 3 counties of Gansu Province in China. A total of 1,584 serum samples, including 974 samples from white yaks from Tianzhu, 464 from black yaks from Maqu, and 146 from black yaks from Luqu County, were collected and analyzed using ELISA to detect IgG antibodies against Fasciola hepatica. The overall F. hepatica seroprevalence was 28.7% (454/1,584), with 29.2% in white yaks (284/974) and 27.9% in black yaks (170/610). The seroprevalence of F. hepatica in yaks from Tianzhu, Luqu, and Maqu was 29.2%, 22.6%, and 29.5%, respectively. Female yaks (30.9%) had higher F. hepatica seroprevalence than male yaks (23.4%). Also, F. hepatica seroprevalence varied by different age group from 24.1% to 33.8%. Further, the seroprevalence ranged from 21.8% to 39.1% over different seasons. Interestingly, the season and age of yaks were associated with F. hepatica infection in yaks in the investigated areas. These findings provided a basis for further studies on this disease in yaks from 3 counties of Gansu Province in northwestern China, which may ultimately support the development of effective control strategies of fascioliasis in these areas.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.857-872
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• 2011

The variation of groundwater level in Jeju Island is analyzed with the data of precipitation observed from 48 monitoring post and groundwater level observed from 84 monitoring wells during 2001 to 2009. The groundwater level rises in summer and falls in winter. The rise of groundwater level by precipitation is fast and small in the eastern region and slow and large in the western region. However, the speed of fall during the period of no rain is slower in the eastern region than in the western region. It tells that permeability is greater in the eastern region than in the western region. In this paper, we set up the base level of groundwater and calculate recharge volume between the base level and groundwater surface. During the period, the average recharge volume was $9.83{\times}10^9m^3$ and the maximum recharge volume was $2.667{\times}10^{10}m^3$ after the typhoon Nari. With these volume and the recharge masses obtained by applying the recharge ratio of 46.1%, estimated by Jeju Province (2003), the porous ratio over the whole Jeju Island is 16.8% in average and 4.6% in the case of maximum recharge volume just after typhoon Nari. A large difference in the two ratios is because that it takes time for groundwater permeated through the ground just after rain fall to fill up the empty porous part. Although the porous ratios over the whole Jeju Island obtained in this way has a large error, they give us the advantage to roughly estimate the amount of recharged groundwater mass directly from observing the groundwater level.