Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5668/JEHS.2016.42.6.396

The Relationship between the Prevalence of Allergic Diseases and Urinary Cadmium Concentrations among School-age Children in Two Regions in Ulsan Metropolitan City  

Kim, Ahra (Environmental Health Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine)
Hong, Young-Seoub (Environmental Health Center, Dong-A University)
Bang, Jin-Hee (Environmental Health Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine)
Oh, Inbo (Environmental Health Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine)
Chung, Jin-Young (Environmental Health Center, Dong-A University)
Sim, Chang Sun (Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine)
Lee, Hyun Jin (Environmental Health Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine)
Kim, Yangho (Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine)
Lee, Jiho (Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine)
Publication Information
Journal of Environmental Health Sciences / v.42, no.6, 2016 , pp. 396-408 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objectives: The purposes of this study were to determine the relationship between the prevalence of allergic diseases and urinary cadmium concentration among children from six to 12 years of age, and to evaluate the association between cadmium in urine and other immunologically related factors in two elementary schools with different environmental conditions. Methods: Data on physician-diagnosed prevalence over the past 12 months and potential risk factors for allergic disease were collected from survey results drawn from 236 children living in different regions (central urban vs. suburban) from April to July in 2014 by an ISAAC questionnaire. We analyzed cytokine levels in serum through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and urinary cadmium concentration by use of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results: Concentrations of urinary cadmium in suburban and central urban children were $0.11{\pm}0.11ug/L$, $0.14{\pm}0.17ug/L$, respectively (p>0.05). Results from the analysis of the t-test and chi-square test showed that urinary cadmium levels were positively associated with environmental factors (paternal smoking status, passive smoking, traffic volume and experiences of outdoor odors) and individual genetic factors (parental allergic disease). Cadmium concentrations in urine were also positively associated with the prevalence of allergic disease and immune-related cytokines (eosinophils, IgE, IL-5, IL-33, IL-17). Conclusion: This study suggests that genetic factors (parental history of allergic diseases), environmental factors, and regional status (suburban and central urban) should be considered as probable factors increasing the concentration of urinary cadmium, which has the potential to influence the allergic disease prevalence of school-age children.
Keywords
Allergic disease; cytokine; environmental risk factors; urinary cadmium;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 9  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Kaminnska T, Tustanowska-Stachura A, Slotwinska M, Szuster-Ciesielska A, Stasiak M, Kandefer-Szerszen M. Cell death and cytokine production induced by cadmium in leukocytes of cord blood and peripheral blood of adults. Journal of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Research. 2007;1(1):030-034.
2 Marth E, Barth S, Jelovcan S. Influence of cadmium on the immune system. Description of stimulating reactions. Cent Eur J Publ Health. 2000;8(1):40-44.
3 Marth E, Jelovcan S, Kleinhappl B, Gutschi A, Barth S. The effect of heavy metals on the immune system at low concentrations. Intl J Occup Med Environ Health. 2001;14(4):375-386.
4 Heo JA, Kim HM, Lee JT. A Study of the Relationships Between Proximity to an Industrial Complex and Blood Lead Levels and Urinary Cadmium Levels. Korean Journal of Environmental Health Sciences. 2012;38(2):95-104.   DOI
5 Oh I, Bang J-H, Kim S, Kim E, Hwang M-K, Kim Y. Spatial distribution of air pollution in the Ulsan metropolitan region. Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment. 2016;34(4):394-407.
6 Oh IB, Kim Y, Sim CS, Lee JH. Prevalence of Children's Allergic Diseases in Ulsan:Local Differences and Environmental Risk Factors. Korean Journal of Environmental Health Sciences. 2012;38(6):472-481.   DOI
7 Deumer G, Stockman B, Casters J, Cinar G, Vanderstocken C, Haufroid V. Success Story: Medical Lab Achieves Certification for ICPMS Method for Trace Elements in Urine. Agilent ICP-MS Journal. 2010;44:4-5.
8 Pizent A, Macan J, Jurasovic J, Varnai VM. Association of toxic and essential metals with atopy markers and ventilatory lung function in women and men. Science of the Total Environment. 2008;390(2-3):369-376.   DOI
9 Moon CS. Evaluation of Cd and Pb Intake and Exposure Routes in Some Korean Women. Journal of Environmental Health. 2007;33(5):353-358.
10 National Institute of Environmental Research (Korea). Survey study of hazardous air pollutants(HAPs) in Ulsan area(final report). 2010.
11 Seo JH, Kim BG, Kim Y, Kim RB, Chung JY, Hong YS. Lead, Mercury and Cadmium Concentration in Blood and Related Factors among Korean Preschoolers. J Environ Health Sci. 2014; 40(4): 279-293
12 Dias PM, Banerjee G. The Role of Th17/IL-17 on Eosinophilic Inflammation. Journal of Autoimmunity. 2013;40(1):9-20.   DOI
13 Holloway JW, Yang IA, Holate ST. Genetics of allergic disease. J Allergy clin Immunol. 2010;125(2 Suppl 2):S81-S94.   DOI
14 Kim HC, Leem JH. Traffic-related air pollution and allergic diseases. Korean J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;30(1):5-11.
15 Kim HJ, Hong YS, Lee KE, Kim JY. The Levels of Blood Lead and Cadmium in Urban and Rural Population in Korea. Journal of Life Science. 2009; 19(4): 472-478.   DOI
16 Ministry of Health and Welfare(Korea). The main allergic diseases, children.adolescence(under 12 years) occurs more. http://www.mohw.go.kr/m/noticeView.jsp?MENU_ID=0403&cont_seq=332411&page=23. [accessed 5 June 2016].
17 Sporik R, Holgate ST, Platts-Mills TA, Cogswell JJ. Exposure to house-dust mite allergen(Der p I) and the development of asthma in childhood. New Engl J Med. 1990;323(8):502-507.   DOI
18 Munir AK, Kjellman NI, Bjorksten B. Exposure to indoor allergens in early infancy and sensitization. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1997;100(2):177-81.   DOI
19 Nicolai T, Carr D, Weiland SK, Duhme H, von Ehrenstein O, Wagner C, et al. Urban traffic and pollutant exposure related to respiratory outcomes and atopy in a large sample of children. Eur Respir J. 2003;21(6):956-963.   DOI
20 Moerloose KB, Robays LJ, Maes T, Brusselle GG, Tournoy KG, Joos GF. Cigarette smoke exposure facilitates allergic sensitization in mice. Respir Res. 2006;7:49.   DOI
21 McElroy JA, Shafer MM, Trenthan-Dietz A, Hampton JM, Newcomb PA. Urinary cadmium levels and tobacco smoke exposure in women age 20-69 years in the United States. Environmental Research. 2007;70(20):1779-1782.
22 Kim SH, Yoon HJ. Climate change and respiratory allergic diseases. J Korean Med Assoc. 2011;54(2):161-168.   DOI
23 Choi SW, Lee JH, Kim Y, Oh IB, Choi KR. Association Between the Sensitization Rate for Inhalant Allergens in Patients with Respiratory Allergies and the Pollen Concentration in Ulsan, Korea. The Korean Journal of Medicine. 2014;86(4):453-461.   DOI
24 Ulsan Metropolitan city(Korea). Regular survey of traffic and speed(2015). Available:http://www.its.ulsan.kr/Menu006/Survey.aspx?SiteID=6003. [accessed 18 July 2016].
25 Bache CA, Lisk DJ, Scariett JM, Carbone LG. Epidemiologic study of cadmium and lead in the hair of ceramists and dental personnel. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. 1991;34(4):423-431.   DOI
26 Trojanowski P, Trojanowski J, Antonowicz J, Bokiniec M. Lead and cadmium content in human hair in central pomerania(Northern Poland). J. Elementol. 2010;15(2):363-384.
27 Ulsan Development Institute(UDI). An Improvement Plan for Odor Pollution in Ulsan. 2001.
28 Hassler E, Lind B, Piscator M. Cadmium in blood and urine related to present and past exposure. A study of workers in an alkaline battery factory. 1983;40(4):420-425.
29 Monitoring and comparison of Cadmium in blood and Urine. Cheun HM, Kim MO, Park KS, Choi DW, Choi JH, Pyo HS. The korean society of analytical seiences(KOSAS). 2011;5:142-142.
30 Metallothionein induction in the liver, kidney, heart and aorta of cadmium and isoproterenol treated rats. Bobillier-Chaumont S1, Maupoil V, Berthelot A. J Appl Toxicol. 2006;26(1):47-55.   DOI
31 Cadmium toxicity and treatment. Bernhoft RA. The ScientificWorld Journal. 2013;1-7
32 Williams CM, Rahman S, Hubeau C, Ma HL. Cytokine Pathways in Allergic Disease. Toxicologic Pathology. 2012;40(2):205-215.   DOI
33 Villanueva MBG, Koizumi S, Jonai H. Cytokine Production by Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells after Exposure to Heavy Metals. Journal of Health Science. 2000;46(5)358-362.   DOI
34 Beyersmann D, Hachtenberg S. Cadmium, gene regulation, and cellular signaling in mammalian cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1997;144(2):247-261.   DOI
35 Jenerowicz D, Silny W, Dannczak-Pazdrowska A, Polannska A, Osmola-Mannkowska A, Olek-Hrab A. Environmental factors and allergic diseases. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2012;19(3):475-481.
36 Egon M, Sandra J, Barbara K, Andrea G, Sonja B. The Effect of Heavy Metals on the Immune System at Low Concentrations. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health. 2001;14(4):375-386.
37 Hyun JS, Satsu H, Shimizu M. Cadmium induces interleukin-8 production via NF-kappaB activation in the human intestinal epithelial cell, Caco-2. Cytokine 2007;37(1):26-34.   DOI
38 Yucesoy B, Turhan A, Ure M, Imir T, Karakaya A. Simultaneous effects of lead and cadmium on NK cell activity and some phenotypic parameters. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 1997;19(3):339-348.   DOI
39 Miler I, Prochazkova E, Borte M, Vondracek, J, Braun W. Phagocytosis of cadmium microcrystals by glass-adherent peripheral blood leukocytes of newborns with various perinatal risk. Allerg Immunol(Leipzig). 1987;33(4):231-237.
40 Miler I, Borte M, Vondracek J. Phagocytosis of cadmium microcristals by human milk macrophages in vitro. Allerg Immunol(Leipzig). 1990;36(3):157-162.