• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.326-335
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• 1996

Background: Though a number of studies have described the distribution of substance P(SP)-like immunoreactivity in the spinal cord, they have been focused on lamina I and II of the dorsal horn and there are little morphological studies on the topographic distribution and ultrastructure of the SP immunoreactive neurons especially in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. this study was conducted to identify distribution pattern of SP immunoreactive neurons and to difine the synaptic organization of their processes in ventral horn of the thoracic cord of the cat by preembbeding immunocytochemical method using SP antiserum. Methods: Five adults cats of either sex were used and deeply anesthetized by intramuscular injection of ketamine. After removal of the spinal cord, samples of thoracic cord were taken and placed in fresh fixative at $4^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. Transverse sections $50{\mu}m$ thick were processed using the preembbeding immunocytochemical method and incubated consecutively in the specific primary antibody and the 10% normal goat serum, the rabbit anti-substance P antiserum, the biotin-labelled goat anti-rabbit IgG and finally the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex. The processed tissue sections were throughly washed and stained in the black with 1% uranyl acetate. Section were examined on a electron microscope. Results: 1) SP immunoreactive neurons were observed in the gray matter around central canal. 2) In lamina I and II SP immunoreactivity was observed in both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers, but in ventral horn only in the unmyelinated nerve fibers. 3) SP immunoreactive axon terminals with small round and large dense core vesicles made chemical synapses onto the dendrites of motor neurons in the ventral horn. Conclusion: SP immunoreactive neurons might play an important role in modulation of motor neurons in the ventral horn of the thoracic cord of the cat.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.867-873
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• 2016

무선통신 시스템에서 ICS 중계기는 Donor와 Service 사이의 거리를 많이 이격시켜야 높은 격리도를 확보할 수 있는 단점을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 음영지역을 해소하여 통화권 영역을 확대하기 위해 높은 격리특성을 갖는 ICS(Interference Cancellation System)중계기 일체형 안테나를 설계하고 제작 및 측정을 통하여 성능을 평가하였다. 대역폭과 이득은 주방사 패치 및 기생 패치의 크기, 스터브 길이 등을 조정하여 구현하였다. 제작된 안테나는 CDMA 이동통신 주파수인 824~894 MHz 대역에서 이득은 3 dBi 이상, 격리도는 -56 dB 이하의 양호한 특성을 나타내었다.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.94-94
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• 1997

The objective of this study was to generate and characterize monoclonal antibodies against rat airway mucins, and therefore, should serve as a useful tool in studying the regulation of airway mucins using various in vivo rat models that are currently available. As an antigen, we used a high molecular mass mucin preparation purified from the spent media of rat tracheal surface epithelial cells in primary culture. Seven hybridomas were obtained which secrete monoclonal antibodies against the rat mucin among which mAbRT03 showed the highest immunoreactivity against the mucin based on ELISA. All of the antibodies secreted by these hybridomas recognized carbohydrate epitopes but not sialic acid residues since their immunoreactivity was completely abolished by treatment of the mucin with 20 mM periodate but not with neuraminidase. Further characterization of mAbRT03 showed that: (1) it belongs to the IgM type, (2) it binds to high molecular mass mucins based on both Western blot analysis and indirect immunoprecipitation, (3) it binds to the luminal side of tracheal epithelium as well as some goblet cells based on immunohistochemistry, and (4) it also recognizes in vive airway mucins from rats but not from human nor hamsters which have been purified from the airway lavage fluids. This is the first anti-rat airway mucin monoclonal antibody which has been developed against purified rat airway mucins. Therefore, mAbRT03 should be able to serve as an invaluable tool in studying the regulation of airway mucins using various intact rat models that are currently available.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.1464-1468
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of dietary complex probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus, $1.0{\times}10^7$ CFU/g; Saccharomyces cerevisae, $4.3{\times}10^6$ CFU/g; Bacillus subtilis $2.0{\times}10^6$ CFU/g) on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, blood characteristics and fecal noxious gas content in growing pigs. Ninety [(Duroc${\times}$Yorkshire)${\times}$Landrace] pigs with the average initial BW of 39.75${\pm}$1.97 kg were allocated into three treatments by a randomized complete block design. There were five pens per treatment with six pigs per pen. Dietary treatments include: 1) CON (basal diet); 2) CP1 (basal diet+complex probiotic 0.1%) and 3) CP2 (basal diet+complex probiotic 0.2%). During the entire experimental period of 6 weeks, results showed that addition of complex probiotic at the level of 0.2% to diet increased ADG significantly (p<0.05). Also, digestibilities of DM and N tended to increase, however, no significant differences were observed (p>0.05). Blood characteristics (IgG, Albumin, total protein, RBC, WBC and lymphocyte) of pigs were not affected (p>0.05) by complex probiotic supplementation. Fecal $NH_3$-N was decreased (11.8%) significantly by the addition of complex probiotic (p<0.05), but no effects were observed on fecal acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid concentrations (p>0.05). In conclusion, results in this experiment indicated that dietary complex probiotic supplementation had a positive effect on growing pigs performance and could decrease fecal $NH_3$-N concentration.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.403-408
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• 2005

This study investigated the effects of chromium propionate on growth performance, serum traits and immune response in weaned pigs. Twenty-four 4 wk-old crossbred weanling pigs (initial body weight about 9.52${\pm}$0.48 kg) were randomly allotted into one of two groups, a control group (basal diet), chromium propionate group (diet supplemented with 200 ${\mu}g$ $kg^{-1}$ (ppb) of chromium propionate). This experiment was conducted over nine weeks. Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 100 ${\mu}g$ $kg^{-1}$ BW was used as the stress-inducing agent in the middle (4 wks) and final (8 wks) periods. The experimental results indicated that chromium propionate had no effect on growth performance (p>0.05). Chromium propionate supplementation reduced the percentage of LDL+VLDL (low and very low-density lipoprotein) and increased HDL (high-density lipoprotein), but did not affect other serum traits. Pigs supplemented with chromium propionate had higher antibody titers specific for sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and serum total globulin relative to the control during the final period (p<0.05). A challenge with LPS increased white blood cells in the chromium propionate group in both experimental periods (p<0.05). The chromium propionate group exhibited higher IgG and $\gamma$-globulin than the control during the middle experimental period (p<0.05). Moreover, the PHA (phytohemagglutinin) challenge result in the chromium propionate group was better than the control group (p=0.056). Greater neutrophil activity was displayed than in the control (p<0.05). This suggests that chromium propionate supplementation benefited the weaned pigs in lipoprotein and immune response.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1497-1500
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• 2014

Cervical cancer continues to be an important public health problem in Thailand. While the high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types have been established as the principle causative agent of both malignancies and the precursor lesions, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), other factors may also be involved like other sexually transmitted diseases, as well as smoking. Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular Gramnegative bacterium which has a tendency to cause chronic infection featuring inflammation and therefore might be expected to increase the risk of cervical cancer. In the present nested case-control study, 61 cases of cervical cancer and 288 matched controls with original serum samples were identified from the Khon Kaen Cohort, established in the North-East of Thailand, by linkage to the Khon Kaen population based cancer registry. C. trachomatis specific IgG antibodies at recruitment were measured by microimmunofluorescence and assessed for association with cervical cancer using STATA release10. No significant link was noted either with all cancers or after removal of adenocarcinomas. The results suggest no association between Chlamydia infection and cervical cancer development in North-East Thailand, but possible influencing factors must be considered in any future research on this topic.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2015

IGS에서는 실시간 정밀 측위에 사용할 수 있도록 궤도 예측값인 IGU (IGS Ultra-rapid)와 실시간 궤도 추정값인 RTS (real-time service) 보정정보를 제공한다. IGU는 데이터 지연시간이 없지만, RTS는 5~30 초의 지연시간을 갖기 때문에 실시간으로 사용하기 위해선 지연시간만큼 예측이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 실시간 사용 측면에서 RTS와 IGU의 성능 분석을 수행하였다. 한반도 내에서 RTS 제공 비율을 파악하기 위하여 한반도에서 관측되는 위성 대비 RTS 제공 비율을 계산하였으며 그 결과 99.3%로 나타났다. RTS의 정확도를 확인하기 위해 보정정보를 방송궤도력에 적용하여 오차를 분석하였으며 이 때 3D 궤도 RMS 오차는 0.043 m으로 나타났다. 실시간 사용 측면에서 RTS와 IGU를 비교하였는데, 실시간으로 가정하였기 때문에 IGU는 예측 정보만 이용하였고, RTS는 데이터 지연시간동안 다항식 모델로 예측을 수행하였다. RTS와 IGU를 1초 간격으로 각각 외삽, 보간을 수행하였고 그 결과 궤도 예측 성능은 비슷하였으며 시계 예측 성능은 RTS가 0.13 m 더 뛰어났다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.1539-1548
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• 2017

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic pathogen that commonly causes fatal infections in cystic fibrosis and burn patients as well as in patients who are hospitalized or have impaired immune systems. P. aeruginosa infections are difficult to treat owing to the high resistance of the pathogen to conventional antibiotics. Despite several efforts, no effective prophylactic vaccines against P. aeruginosa are currently available. In this study, we investigated the activity of the CIA06 adjuvant system, which is composed of alum and de-O-acylated lipooligosaccharide, on a P. aeruginosa outer membrane protein (OMP) antigen vaccine in mice. The results indicated that CIA06 significantly increased the antigen-specific IgG titers and opsonophagocytic activity of immune sera against P. aeruginosa. In addition, the antibodies induced by the CIA06-adjuvanted vaccine exhibited higher cross-reactivity with heterologous P. aeruginosa strains. Finally, mice immunized with the CIA06-adjuvanted vaccine were effectively protected from lethal P. aeruginosa challenge. Based on these data, we suggest that the CIA06 adjuvant system might be used to promote the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the P. aeruginosa OMP vaccine.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.357-363
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• 1990

When mice irradiated by neutron (Be) are fed with ginseng concentrate, ginseng powder, and adaptagen of which the major ingredient is ginseng alkaloid to neutron (Be source) irradiated mouse, the following results are obtained. 1. The 50% lethal dose (LD50) for the neutron irradiation were 4 days at 600 rad, 7 days at 500 rad, 16 days at 400 rad, 33 days at 375 rad, and 55 days at 350 rad. In thistest, the standard amollntofirradiation was set at 375 rad/8 min. 2. Some spots appeared in the tail of the neutron-irradiated mouse because of blood congestion, and some had its tip tails cut. But the group administered with adaptagen did not show any of these symptoms. 3. The neutron irradiated mouse showed darkening the color of their lung-chloasmas while none of the adaptagen group had this symptom. 4. The lung tissue of the neutron irradiated mouse showed an increase of the karyolysis and cytoplasmic vacuole. 5. When both neutron irradiation and the ginseng sllbstances were given to the mouse at the same day, the 50% lethal days were increased to 29-33 days for the group administered with ginseng extract. 67 days for the group given with the ginseng powder. and 80 days for the groilp arith the adaptagen. 6. The survival rate of those fed with adaptagen for 33 days before the neutron-irradiation was 100%, while the 50% lethal daysofthe group fed with ginsengextract were 39 days and that of the group fed with ginseng powder were 69 days. 7. The serum valued of ${\gamma}$-globulin, IgG, and albumin were returned to normal condition in the group fed with adaptagen for 33 days before the neutron-irradiation. But those of the group which were given the irradiation and the ginseng substances at the same day did not show such a recovery.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2005

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Peucedani Radix herbal acupuncture(PR-HA) at St36(joksamni) on ovalbumin-induced asthma in mice. Methods : C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA(ovalbumin) for 12 weeks(once a week) C57BL/6 mice were injected, inhaled and sprayed with OVA for 12 weeks (3times a week). One of the two experimental groups was just treated with needle-prick on St36 and the other group was treated with 1% concentrations of PR-HAS at St36, for the later 8 weeks (3times /week). Results : 1. The weight and total cells of lung of the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 2. Total Leukocytes and Eosinophils in BALF of the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 3. Eosinophils in BALF of the mice group treated with PR-HA in Photomicrographs decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 4. According to Histological analysis of lung sections, it decreased significantly adhension of collagen in PR-HA than those of control group 5. The concentration of IgE, IL-4, IL-5, in BALF and IL-4, IL-5, Il-13 in serum of the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with that of control group. 6. The number of Gr-1+/CD11b+, CD11b+, CD3-/CCR3+, CD4+, CD3e+/CD69+ , CD23+B220+ cells in the lungs of the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 7. The cytokine's manifestation of mRNA of the mice group treated with PR-HA with RT-PCR decreased significantly compared with that of control group. Conclusion : We conclude that PR-HA is effective on OVA-induced asthma of C57BL/6 mouse.