• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.649-657
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine effects of enneagram group counseling program on self-identification and depression in nursing college students. Three groups, categorized by how the students solve their conflicts, were selected to identify changes from the program. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group and pre posttest design was used. Participants were assigned to the experimental group (n=30) or control group (n=33). The experimental group participated in enneagram group counseling program for 38 hours through eight sessions covering four different topics. Collected data were analyzed using Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: Total self-identity score for the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups for depression scores. The Assertive and Compliant groups demonstrated significant change in self-identification while the Withdrawn groups did not reveal any change. Conclusion: Results indicate that the enneagram group counseling program is very effective in establishing positive self-identification for nursing college students who face developmental crisis and stressful situations. It is also expected that this program would be useful to enhance the students' confidence through a deeper understanding and acceptance of themselves.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.29 no.2 s.53
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• pp.265-278
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• 1996

This paper concerns professional socialization of medical students. Professional socialization, in the context of this paper, means the process through which a layperson becomes a doctor equipped with professional identity and values. While medical education does not include such process in the curriculum, medical students obtain certain values and identity informally. The dependent variables were professional values and professionalism. The former means the desirable attributes required to conducting professional works such as humane attitudes, science-oriented mind, capability for organizational management. The latter means socio-political reasoning with which doctors can rationalize their privileges such as autonomy. A specially designed questionnaire was developed. The data were collected from five medical schools for 1,318 students in 1994. A total of 1,070 cases were finally included in the statistical analysis. The students emphasized the human factor in the professional values. Their attitude did not change with the grade. Other independent variables such as motives for entering a medical school, socioeconomic status, satisfaction with medical education, etc. also did not influence professinal values. It implies that professional values were not consolidated among the students. However, the factors of professionalism change significantly with the grade. It implies that the students paid more attention to socio-political issues related to doctor's interests as the grade went up. And the factor scores for professionalism were higher for those students who had more positive attitude towards doing medical practice for profit, expected higher income, and were more conservative about social reform. Other independent variables did not influence professionalism. It seems that the students also give emphasis on professionalism, like current medical doctors, mainly because of their concern with recent unfavorable changes in economic conditions of medical care providers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.8
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• pp.89-98
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• 2007

Women are playing an increasing role in the society amid the increase in the age at first marriage, reduced family size, and the weakening solidarity among family members. Gold Miss is a newly coined word which reflects the change in the value of women in the wake of the individualism and pluralism amid the structural change. Gold Miss means a new X generation that is sensitive to the latest fashion and trend with high purchasing power and self-attainment goal. They do not spare any effort to invest in themselves, lead the new culture and set the cultural trend that goes beyond the simple consumption, and come into the spotlight both socially and economically. The outcome of the analysis on the Gold Miss fashion which was revealed in the mass media indicated that the fashion was the instrument to express their own images and personalities. Though they may be some difference depending on the occupation, personality, values, and others, they pursue sophisticated, intellectual, and emotional office-look that takes the trend and personality into account. In addition, they prefer business casual attire, and pursue the total fashion with perfection which uses the gorgeous bright and vivid color, daring color, accent color arrangement and accessories. The Gold Miss fashion implies the self-identity, high-end feature, and embody the symbolism of information, which the analysis on the feature and fashion of Golden Miss indicated.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.21
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• pp.3-9
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• 1999

Contemporary society that is apt to be homogeneity because of the development of computer communication and mass-media desires to seek its own identity in native realm. Contemporary Korean architecture has endeavored continuous discussion and practice to keep its identity within the current tendency. The purpose of this study is to grope the alternative for genuine 'Koreaness' to analyse the variant trend of its characteristics 1990's. The variation of Korean society in 1990's that emphasize self-regulation and individual value has influence on the realm of architecture so much. The cognition of 'Koreaness' has changed with center in the individual and small -size design group, not present accommodation of past, but continuous research to find archetype of tradition which can play a decisive role of linking present and future on the foundation of past. Many attempts and practical works that express 'Koreaness' in 1990's are performed in the area of residence works that reflect Korean emotion and life-style directly. This change can be an answer to solve the problem of peculiarity and universality in 'Koreaness'. After 1960's the main theme of 'Koreaness' was traditional architecture form, but because of the induction of Postmodernism and at once its reflection and critical attitude with limit of formal duplication, which lost its meaning. In 1990's, research for spatial form as korean emotion and image has carried out and played an important part of original expression for 'Koreaness'

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.45-64
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• 2016

In order to understand Korean American immigrants'adjustment to American society, it is important to understand how their life rituals and ethnic identities maintain or change over time and across immigration generations. To achieve this goal, this study examined how Korean Americans who resided in the New York City metropolitan area and New Jersey State performed life rituals and formed ethnic identities. A total of 18 Korean immigrants participated in one-on-one in-depth interviews and the interview data were analyzed with the themes. The results showed that Korean Americans performed life rituals integrating both Korean and American cultural aspects. Many Korean Americans attempted to perform life rituals based on American cultural holidays and procedures. However, a majority of these Koreans also strived to maintain Korean ethnic identities and also practice traditionally Korean life rituals as a way to preserve this ethnic identity. These findings suggest that across time and generation, Korean Americans prefer to maintain their Korean cultural identity, while not shunning the adoption of typical "American" rituals. The way that Korean Americans practice and develop identities differs very little across immigration generation. These findings provide insight on how the Korean government may support foreigners and immigrant families in South Korea and Korean Americans' acculturation processes in the U.S.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.195-204
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between body image, weight-control self-efficacy, and body mass index of high-school girls. Methods: Body image, gender role identity, weight-control self-efficacy, and body weight control behavior were measured by structured questionnaires. Date were analyzed by descriptive statistics, the t-test, the one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation, using the SPSS program. Results: Body weight control behavior was positively correlated with weight-control self-efficacy and objective body mass index. Body weight control behavior showed significant differences according to the interest in weight control, current weight control effort, reasons for weight control, secret method for weight loss, eating breakfast or not, and the amount of time exposed to mass media. In regard to the body weight control behavior according to the gender role identity type, the androgynous showed significantly higher tendency than other types. Conclusion: These findings suggest that health providers need to educate high-school girls about appropriate body image and weight control behavior. Also, more studies are needed to identify factors influencing weight control behavior.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.119-134
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• 2010

The article's purpose is to depict the experiences and cognition of Korean male workers on the relationship between work and family, in a conglomerate company. It examines the data of 11 interviews, especially focusing on the issue of participation in family lives. The cases consist of new comer employees, managerial officers, and executive personnel. According to the interviewee's report, Korean companies have drastically changed from a so called collectivistic culture to an individualisic one. In addition, the styles of their stories have changed drastically. New comers and managerial officers accentuate the importance of family in contrast to the attitudes of executive staff. These individuals also discuss the trend of increasing participation in domestic chores. However, the study does not illustrate a change in the younger generations' inner identities in relation to familial responsibility. Many of the interviewees' opinions taken from the study are almost similar in that these individuals do not encompass the lives of family in future plans. In conclusion, workers from large companiesin Korea maintain the attitude of focusing on official life one-sidedly.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.95-107
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• 2007

The present study examined generational differences in ethnicity maintenance among Korean-Chinese to understand the impact of recent social change on a Korean-Chinese ethnic community in China. A total of 1355 Korean-Chinese (557 parents and 798 children), who live in Shenyang, China, participated in this study. The subjects were asked about their language use during daily conversations and cultural activities. They were also asked about their ethnic identity and perceptions of social distance from Chinese people. The results reveal that the Korean-Chinese parent generation is more likely to maintain its ethnic language, while the child generation is more likely to maintain its ethnic culture. Second, more parents than children considered themselves as 'Korean-Chinese' rather than 'Chinese'. Third, members of the child generation show less social distance from Chinese people than do the parent generation. These results show a strong tendency towards ethnicity maintenance among Korean Chinese as well as recent changes in the community. This study argues for the importance of school education and school environment in maintaining the ethnic language and culture of Korean-Chinese children.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.245-257
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• 1998

The characteristics of health behavior related pregnancy and childbirth have reflected on the cultural belief and value in the society. The efforts for women's health promotion through the current illumination of the traditional health care are the prompting assignment to be in nursing. The process of motherhood already progress before the motherhood actually. The functional state as the expectant mother can be the important predicting factor of the postpartum state, the quality of a married life. Motherhood was analyzed by Walker and Avant's method to clarify the concept 'to be a mother' using the various concepts like Koreans' Taekyo, transition to motherhood, maternal identity, maternal role attainment, maternal fetal attachment, and maternal fetal interaction. Upon the concept analysis, naturalness, responsibility, attachment, readiness, controllability were identified as the defining characteristics of motherhood. The antecedents of motherhood were consist of maternal affection, positive self esteem, pregnancy acceptance, fetus recognition and the consequences of motherhood were consist of positive maternal identity, maternal fetal attachment, confidence about the maternal role, the healthy mother and the healthy baby. The empirical referents of motherhood were consists of recognition of motherhood, expectation about motherhood, fetal recognition with ultrasonography and fetal movement, experience of unification between mother and fetus, expression of affection to the fetus, concern about fetal health, concern and practice about Taekyo, adaptation behavior about physical change and discomfort due to pregnancy. Therefore it is necessary to develop the instruction program of motherhood including the defining attributes identified in this study.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.19 no.37
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• pp.127-136
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• 1996

Due to the development of technology, urbanization, industrialization, etd. at modern times, even the individual view of value has changed in variety. That means the change of each consumcer's life-style and even that of propensity to consume. In that regard, the modern, commercial space became to be increasingly included to specialization and complication. Such specialization and complication of the commercial space can be thought to be a positive response of enterprises to satisfy the needs or desire of consumers who become diversified. In this study, some new models in the method of the planning and designing of the S.I.P(Shop Identity Program). intended to research into as follows ; - As the background of the advent of the multi-used shopping complex, changes in consumer life-style and propensity to consume according to social and economical changes were intended to be studied through various statistical data literature. - For the study of the characteristics, constituent conditions, and planning operation of the future multi used shopping complex in the marketing aspect of enterprises, it was intended to study centered on the theory of consumer behavior and that of retail marketing. - In the process of the spatial design of the multi-used shopping complex, it was tried that a designing process to materialize a target of the discrimination and orderly arrangement of stores be progressed. In the process of materializing a target based on both corporate image and 'brand' image in designing.