• 복식
• /
• 제61권7호
• /
• pp.35-50
• /
• 2011

In this study, repression of the body is defined as a restriction on natural developments or movements and a modification either temporarily or permanently of the human body in shape, color, texture and odor. In addition, it involves physical and (or) mental pain. Chinese foot-binding and the Western corset are extreme examples of female body's being repressed in the history of fashion. The analysis of this type of repression will be based on historical research and theoretical concepts such as Darwin's (1809-1882) survival condition, Freud's (1856-1939) renunciation of desire, Weil's (1909-1943) privilege, and Foucault's (1926-1984) L'Usage des Plaisirs(the use of pleasure). Chinese foot-binding symbolically represents ideal beauty, the distinction of an ethnic group, and a desire for improved social status in the struggle for political power. It also represents psychology and a esthetics of eroticism and fetishism that originate from a man's desire and his individual taste. Symbolically, the Western corset represents abundance and fecundity, obedience and devotion to religion, the sanctity of God and ideal beauty as defined by political power. It also represents psychology and aesthetics of eroticism and fetishism as man's desire and a fashion icon. In conclusion, Chinese foot-binding was pursuit of power in male ideology but Western corset was a power struggle between God and mankind.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.299-306
• /
• 2002

This study was undertaken to compare the obesity related dietary factors among rural middle school students living in the Daegu.Kyungbuk area. Anthropometric data showed that mean height and weight were 162.7$\pm$8.6cm and 53.9$\pm$9.8kg in 220 male students and 158.4$\pm$6.2cm and 51.0$\pm$7.6kg in 210 female student. Mean BMIs for boys and girls were 19.00$\pm$2.35 and 19.30$\pm$2.45, respectively. 71.36% of male students and 71.9% of female students were underweight by the BMI index. Students who skipped the breakfast were up to 66.8%. The reasons for skipping a meal for both sexes were significantly different. Compared to males, more female respondents felt guilty and depressed related to eating. Furthermore, females were more significantly concerned about body image, diet and body weight (p<0.001), and they were not satisfied with their weight. The sources of information on obesity and diet were radio and TV in males, while females gathered information from magazines and friends. The ideal body weight of male students was heavier than the actual body weight while female students desired a thinner body shape. In conclusion, a different approach for nutrition education based on sex should be developed, and implemented fur adolescents.

• 패션비즈니스
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.54-65
• /
• 2014

This study developed basic pattern for competition figure skating wear for school girls. Figure skating wears are difficult for making basic patterns based on standard size chart, because girls' body size are slimmer and more slender compared to the general girl's and the competition wears such as, swim suit with sleeves are, closely in contact with the player's body. The competition wears for school girl was made with consideration of changing of the body shape, physical exercises, and various specificities according to stretch material. To raise artistic effect while doing beautiful motions, and to assist in facile technique motions, competition wears need to have enough ease on the side line from waist to armpit, from armpit to wrist, and in trunk girth including crotch girth. Also, to stand out in beauty, a costume designing has a proper skirt position, length, flare width, and a tight bodice according to the player's body proportion. Most of the customers are displeased at the high price, unfitness of size, insufficient design, and difficulty in access, since they are not sold in sporting goods store. Therefore, a competition wear's basic pattern was made through scientific and emotional process including concerns on material properties, room for activities, and ideal body proportion. Systemizing the basic patterns of production method will solve high repairing expenses, unsuitable sizing, and improve accessibility for purchase.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.31-35
• /
• 2014

As with humans, overweight or obesity is a major health concern in the companion animal population. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey of dog owners attending primary small animal veterinary practices from different areas in Chuncheon, Kangwon province, Korea was undertaken to explore the relationships between socioeconomic and other relevant risk factors associated with canine obesity. In addition, the author was to estimate the prevalence of obesity compared to published literatures for dogs. Owners were asked about dog age, neuter status, feeding habits, dog exercise, household income and owner age. The body condition score (BCS) of the dogs was also assessed. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to assess the association between BCS and potential risk factors controlling for confounding variables, using odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 275 dogs (136 males and 139 females) aged 1-12 years (mean age $5.6{\pm}3.7$ years) were surveyed in 2013. Of these, 46.9% of dogs (n = 129) were classed as an ideal body shape (BCS = 3), 30.9% (n = 85) were overweight (BCS = 4), 8.4% (n = 23) were obese (BCS = 5) and 13.8% (n = 38) were underweight (BCS = 1 or 2). Neutered males and spayed females had the highest prevalence of obesity (43.4% and 33.9%); intact females had the lowest prevalence of obesity (31.6%). In univariable model, risk factors associated with canine obesity are multifactorial and include owner income, owner age, age of dog, neuter status, frequency of feeding per day, frequency of snacks and consultation with veterinarian on dog's weight. In final multivariable logistic regression model, dogs whose owners reported no consultation with veterinarians for weight management were significantly more likely to be obesity than ideal (OR = 7.6, 95% CI, 4.2-13.8; p < 0.0001). This study showed a high prevalence of obesity in domestic companion dogs. Since this was a cross-sectional study with small samples, the association of canine obesity with risk factors warrants more research. To the author's best knowledge, this is the first Korean study on dog body condition and obesity.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제32권5호
• /
• pp.821-833
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to provide basic information about body proportion characteristics, and the level of body cathexis and fit satisfaction related to those characteristics. It is hoped that this will help to improve ready-to-wear satisfaction in middle-aged women. In order to achieve this purpose, the body proportion characteristics of middle-aged women were measured and were compared with that of standard and ideal body types. Then, the body cathexis and fit satisfaction according to these characteristics was analyzed. Finally, the following results were obtained. First, the average height of middle-aged women was 6.87 head, waist length was 58.9% of height, and knee length was 25.6% of height. In frontal appearance, the hip width, shoulder width, and chest width were wider than waist width(24%, 20%, and 11% respectively). Chest and hip depths was thicker than waist depth(19% and 17% respectively). Second, in lengths proportion, their lower body was shorter than the standard body shape for women in their 20s'. Also the difference between the width of frontal appearance and depth proportion of side appearance was small, suggesting a more slender silhouette among the middle aged women. Finally, middle-aged women who were not wide or big in the chest had higher satisfaction with their bodies. As shoulder width and chest depth became small, the fit satisfaction of upper clothes increased. While longer lower body had higher fit satisfaction with pants crotch, shorter lower body had higher fit satisfaction with waist and abdominal parts.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.147-156
• /
• 1997

성인 남녀를 비만도에 따라 저체중군의 체형, 표준 체중군의 체형, 과체중군의 체형으로 구분하여 체형에 대한 인식, 기호습관, 식습관, 건강에 대한 관심도, 체중 조절에 대한 태도 등을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 조사대상자 중 저체중군의 체형이 7.9%,표준체중의 체형이 55.2%, 과페중군의 체형이 36.9%로 나타났으며, 저체중군은 마르고 키가 크고, 과체중군은 뚱뚱하고 키가 작은 경향을 보였다. 또한 자신의 실제체형과 자신이 이상형이라고 생각하는 체형과는 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며 이런 경향은 남자보다는 여자가 더욱 심한 것으로 나타났다(p < 0.001). 남자의 42.6%, 여자의 21.5%만이 자신의 체형에 대해 만족하는 것으로 나타났다(p < 0.01). 여자는 체중이 적을수록 자신의 체형에 대한 만족도가 증가하였으며 체형과 상관없이 모두 마른 체형을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다(P < 0.001). 2. 남자의 86.5%, 여자의 49.0%가 술을 마시는 것으로 나타났으며(p < .0.001) 저체중군 남자와 표준체중군 여자가 술을 가장 많이 마시는 것으로 조사되었다. 음주횟수는 1주일에 한 두 번 마신다가 가장 많았다. 남자의 64%가 담배를 피우는 것으로 조사되었으며 여자들은 대부분 흡연하지 않는 것으로 조사되었다(p < 0.001). 기호음료 중에서 남녀 모든 군에서 커피의 선호도가 가장 높게 나타났으며(p .0.01) 남자의 51.0%, 여자의 45.0%가 건강(보조)식품이나 영양제를 먹는다고 응답하였다. 3. 남자의 57%,여자의 45%가 식사를 항상 규칙적으로 하는 것으로 나타났으며 과체중군 여자를 제외하고 모든 체형에서 식사를 항상 규칙적으로 하는 비율이 높게 나타났다. 전혀 규칙적이 아니라고 답한 비율은 표준체중군 여자에게서 가장 높게 나타났다. 3끼의 식사량에 있어서는 남녀 모두 적당하게 먹는다고 응답한 비율이 가장 높았으며 배부르게 먹는 경우는 과체중군에서 높게 나타났다(p < 0.001). 음식의 간에 있어서 남녀 모든 군에서 적당하게 먹거나 싱겁게 먹는다고 답한 비율이 대부분을 차지하였다. 남자의 78.7%, 여자의 92.0%가 간식을 먹는 것으로 조사되었으며(p < 0.01), 저체중군의 간식율이 가장 높게 나타났다. 편식을 안한다고 답한 비율은 남자가 여자보다 높게 나타났으며(p < 0.05), 저체중군의 편식율이 가장 높게 나타났다. 한편, 식사의 질에 대하여 식사를 고칠 필요가 있다고 답한 비율은 남자가 40.4%, 여자가 56.3%로 나타났으며 (p < .0.01), 다른 군에 비하여 저체중군 남자와 과체중군 여자에게서 높게 나타났다. 4. 수면 시간은 남자는 평균 6.92시간, 여자는 6.53시간으로 조사되었으며, 과체중군 남자가 가장 길었으며, 저 체중군 여자가 가장 짧은 것으로 조사되었다. 수면시간에 관해서 남녀 모두 적당하다는 비율이 가장 높았다. 한편 하루 중 노동, 운동, 휴식, 식사의 균형에 관해서 남녀 모두 가끔 그렇다고 응답한 비율이 높게 나타났으며 전혀 아니라고 응답한 비율도 모든 체형에서 24%이상으로 나타났다. 남자의 70.2%,여자의 52.3%는 운동을 하고 있는 것으로 조사되었으며(p < 0.001) 남자는 체형과 상관없이 운동을 가끔하는 비율이 가장 높았으며, 전혀 운동을 하지 않는 비율도 24% 이상으로 나타났다. 여자의 경우 운동을 항상 하고 있는 비율은 저체중군에서, 가끔 하는 비율은 과체중군에서 높게 나타났다. 자각적 건강 상태에 관하여 남녀 모두 과반수 이상이 그저 그렇다고 응답하였으며 건강하여 문제가 없다는 남자에게서, 항상 피곤하고 건강 장애가 있다는 여자에게서 높게 나타났다(p < 0.05). 항상 피곤하고 건강 장애가 있다고 응답한 경우는 과체중군 남자와 표준체중군 여자에게서 가장 높게 나타났다. 5. 남자의 53.9%, 여자의 83.2%가 체중 조절에 관심이 있다고 하였으며(p < 0.001) 남녀 모두 체중이 증가할수록 체중 조절에 대한 관심도가 높아졌다(p < 0.01). 체중 조절에 대한 시도 경험에 대해서는 남자는 생각없다가, 여자는 과거에 몇 차례 해 본 경험이 있다가 가장 높게 나타났다(p < 0.001). 현재도 체중조절을 하고 있다는 응답자는 10% 정도로 조사되었다. 체중 조절 시도 방법에 있어서 남자의 저체중군은 체중을 늘이는 방향으로 과체중군은 체중을 줄이는 방향으로 시도하였으며, 여자의 경우에는 모두 체중을 줄이는 방향으로 시도하는 비율이 높게 나타났다(p < 0.001). 체중조절을 위한 좋은 방법으로는 남자의 경우 음식량의 조절보다는 운동을 많이 한다가 가장 많았으며 여자들은 음식물의 섭취량을 줄인다와 음식 량의 조절보다는 운동을 많이 한다고 답한 비율이 비슷하게 나타났다(P < 0.001).

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.362-374
• /
• 2015

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the effects of overestimation of their own body shape on weight control behaviors, mental condition, physical activity, dietary behavior, health-related quality of life, and nutritional status among young Korean females. Methods: A total of 1,514 women aged 20-39 years who are not pregnant and lactating among those who participated in the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010~2011), were analyzed and grouped into underestimation (n=120), normal estimation (NE, n=840), and overestimation (OE, n=554), based on their body perception compared to actual percent ideal body weights. Variables were compared between OE group and NE group. Results: The subjects in OE group were significantly younger (29.5 vs. 30.5 years, respectively p < 0.05) and had lower body mass index (20.9 vs. 22.2 respectively, p < 0.01), health-related quality of life measured by EQ-5D (EuroQol-5 Dimension)(0.97 vs. 0.98 respectively, p < 0.05), nutrition adequacy ratio (NAR) of protein (0.91 vs. 0.93 respectively, p < 0.05), phosphorous (0.93 vs. 0.96 respectively, p < 0.05), and iron (0.70 vs. 0.75 respectively, p < 0.01), and index of nutrition quality (INQ) of iron (0.84 vs. 0.89 respectively, p < 0.05) compared to those in the NE group. The results of logistic regression showed that unmarried status (OR 1.32; 1.01~1.72) and severely underweight/underweight status (OR 1.94; 1.01~3.75)/(OR 1.81; 1.34~2.45) were significantly related to the probability of overestimation by the subjects. Significantly more women in OE group practiced fasting, skipping meals, and taking prescribed pills to lose body weights and had skipped breakfast compared to those in the NE group. Conclusions: The results of this study suggested that the Korean young women's distorted perception of own body shape may be associated with undesirable weight control behavior, low quality of life, and lower nutritional status. Therefore, nutrition education for this group should include information on correct body shape perception and its importance.

• 패션비즈니스
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.35-48
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this research is to understand the importance and structure of underwear which is the closest cloth to the body. Scope of this research is from middle of 19th century to the beginning of 20th century. Firstly, I studied background of the times and change of women's status and duty. Secondly, I examined the outer garment closely by the ideal beauty of each period based on the study, and thirdly I looked into structure ways of underwear. Then lastly, I took a close look about the relation of outer garment and underwear, comparing with and researching both. I studied this research, focusing on corset, crinoline and bustle based on main characters such as reform and transform among several functions of underwear. The research results are such as follows. First of all, when women's social and economic status was subjected to men, women had worn corset and fashionable dresses even though there was many object movements and vices in women's garment. Secondly, according to those movements, the ideal beauty had changed little in the same sort emphasizing on breast and hip. Thirdly, structure method of underwear changed by ideal beauty and shape of outer garment. Due to increasing sports participation, improvement of women's position, achievement of practical use, women used more drawers and stopped wearing hoop. And the weight of underwear like combination and suspender attached to corset had decreased and advanced into the more practical way. Because of industrialization, function seemed to be granted by technology development, social position change of femininity.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• 제51권2호
• /
• pp.167-174
• /
• 2021

Purpose: Sex determination can be done by morphological analysis of different parts of the body. The mastoid region, with its anatomical location at the skull base, is ideal for sex identification. Statistical shape analysis provides a simultaneous comparison of geometric information on different shapes in terms of size and shape features. This study aimed to investigate the geometric morphometry of the inter-mastoid triangle as a tool for sex determination in the Iranian population. Materials and Methods: The coordinates of 5 landmarks on the mastoid process on the 80 cone-beam computed tomographic images(from individuals aged 17-70 years, 52.5% female) were registered and digitalized. The Cartesian x-y coordinates were acquired for all landmarks, and the shape information was extracted from the principal component scores of generalized Procrustes fit. The t-test was used to compare centroid size. Cross-validated discriminant analysis was used for sex determination. The significance level for all tests was set at 0.05. Results: There was a significant difference in the mastoid size and shape between males and females(P<0.05). The first 2 components of the Procrustes shape coordinates explained 91.3% of the shape variation between the sexes. The accuracy of the discriminant model for sex determination was 88.8%. Conclusion: The application of morphometric geometric techniques will significantly impact forensic studies by providing a comprehensive analysis of differences in biological forms. The results demonstrated that statistical shape analysis can be used as a powerful tool for sex determination based on a morphometric analysis of the inter-mastoid triangle.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.31-40
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to identify the body type characteristics of fashion models by comparing body dimensions and body types of fashion models with ordinary women in their 20s in Korea. To that end, the study selected 71 people, with 28 being female university students in the Seoul area and 43 professional fashion models. One hundred and fifty-seven ordinary woman were selected who ranged from 20 to 29 years old, and 588 women from the 7th Size Korea fit for research purposes. Body measurement items were selected for the direct measurement data for Size Korea, which included 20 items of body size and 10 items of calculation needed for clothing production. The results of the study were as follows. According to the analysis of fashion models and ordinary woman in their 20s, their body size showed significant differences in 25 out of 30 items. The five items that do not show significant differences are bust point-bust point, waist back length, front interscye length, hip circumference-bust circumference, and neck point to bust point to waistline-waist front length. If you integrate the results, the fashion model is much taller than the ordinary woman, has a longer lower body, and has an 8.05 head figure. Also, the fashion model found itself to be the ideal type that ordinary women prefer because of the slimmer waist and bent shape, which is more than that measured in normal women.